'Yan Afirka da aka 'yantar a Saliyo
 'Yan Afirka da aka 'yantar a Saliyo |
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'Yan Afirka da aka ƴantar a Saliyo, waɗanda kuma aka fi sani da waɗanda aka ƴan tar, ƴan Afirka ne da aka yi wa bauta a cikin jiragen ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da kubutar da su daga hannun 'yan sintiri na yaki da bautar da bayi da sojojin ruwa na yammacin Afirka ta Yamma. Bayan da Majalisar Birtaniya ta zartar da dokar cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807, wacce ta soke shigar Biritaniya a cikin cinikin bayi, Admiralty ya kafa rundunar sojojin Afirka ta Yamma don dakile cinikin tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu ƙasashen yammacin Turai. Duk 'yan Afirka da sojojin ruwan Royal suka 'yantar ba bisa ka'ida ba an kai su Freetown, inda kotunan Admiralty ta tabbatar da matsayinsu na 'yanci. Bayan haka, an ba su horon horo iri-iri marasa kyauta a hannun Mazaunan Nova Scotian da Maroons na Jamaica a Saliyo. A cikin ƙarni na 19, masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa kimanin 'yan Afirka 80,000 da aka yiwa bauta ba bisa ka'ida ba ne sojojin ruwa na Royal suka 'yantar da su.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jim kaɗan bayan da Majalisar Birtaniya ta haramta shigar Birtaniya shiga cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807, rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy ta fara sintiri a gabar tekun Afirka da manyan tekuna, tare da kwace jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya da ake zargi da yin cinikin bayi. Bayan Majalisar Vienna da kuma amincewa da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban don takura ko haramta cinikayyar tekun Atlantika, Rundunar Sojin Afirka ta Yamma, da kuma wasu ‘yan sintiri na teku da ke shawagi a ƙarƙashin tutocin Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Brazil, da Amurka, sun kuma katse jiragen ruwa da ake zargi da safarar bayi da suka saɓa wa tanadin yarjejeniya. Baya ga kotunan da aka kafa a Freetown, kotunan shari'ar da za ta yi shari'ar jiragen ruwa da jami'an sintiri na yaki da bautar suka kama suna aiki a Havana, Rio de Janeiro, Luanda, Cape Verde, da St. Helena.
Fiye da 'yan Afirka 80,000 da aka ceto daga cinikin haramtacciyar hanya tsakanin Afirka da Amurka an 'yantar da su a gaban kotunan da ke aiki a Freetown tsakanin shekarun 1808 zuwa 1871, lokacin da aka rufe sauran haɗaɗɗiyar hukumar. Bayan samun 'yanci, yawancin 'yan Afirka masu 'yanci an yi musu rajista da sunan Kirista, amma yawancin rajista kuma sun jera sunayen Afirka, bisa bayanan da aka samu 'yan Afirka ko mai fassara. Rijista da yawa kuma suna yin rikodin kiyasin shekaru, tsayi, tambura, da gyare-gyaren jiki. [1]
'Yan Afirkan da aka 'yantar sun fito ne daga ko'ina a yammacin Afirka da wasu kasashen tsakiyar Afirka. Wani muhimmin ɓangare na waɗanda aka sake kamawa da suka zauna a Freetown sune Akan, Yarbawa, Igbo da Hausa.
Rayuwa a Saliyo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ko da yake masana tarihi sun lura cewa ba a cika samun bayanai game da rayuwar ƴan Afirka da ke zaune a Saliyo ba, da kuma rajistar ‘yan Afirka da turawan Ingila suka ‘yantar da su, da wasiƙun da aka rubuta wa gwamnan Saliyo da wasu majiyoyi sun bai wa masana tarihi na zamani damar sake gina rayuwar yau da kullum na ‘yan Afirka da suka sami ‘yanci. [2] A cikin rajistar da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi, an canza sunayen da yawa daga cikin sunayen Afirka zuwa na Turai, wanda ke nuna sauye-sauyen yanayin da suka yi a cikin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. ’Yan Afirkan da aka samu ‘yantar da su gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ba su na ɗan wani lokaci zuwa ga koyan sana’o’i iri-iri marasa kyauta a Freetown da cikin gida a zaman wani ɓangare na sauye-sauyen da suka samu zuwa zama ‘yan ƙasa. [3]
Ƙauyukan Afirka da aka kwato
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa ƙauyuka da yawa don ba da masauki ga waɗannan sabbin mazauna Saliyo.
- 1809 Leicester
- 1810 Wilberforce, tsohon Cabenda
- 1812 Regen
- 1814 Gloucester
- 1816 Kiss
- 1817 Bathurst, tsohon Leopold
- 1817 Charlotte
- 1819 Hastings
- 1819 Waterloo
- 1819 Wellington
- 1829 Murray Town
- 1829 Aberdeen
Samuwar mutanen Creole na Saliyo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'Ya'yan da aka haifa a mulkin mallaka na 'yan Afirka masu 'yanci, Jamaican Maroons da Nova Scotian Settlers wani lokaci suna kiran 'yan Afirka da aka 'yanta "Willyfoss niggers".[4] Duk da haka, bayan shekaru da dama, ƙungiyoyin uku sun haɓaka zuwa Saliyo Creole mutanen da aka amince da su a matsayin ƙabila ta musamman tare da wasu a Saliyo.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Saros (Nijeriya)
- Saliyo Creole
- Creolization
- Abolitionism a cikin United Kingdom
- al'ummar Afirka
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Liberated Africans". Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
- ↑ Schwarz, Suzanne (2012-01-01). "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century". History in Africa. 39: 175–207. doi:10.1353/hia.2012.0011. ISSN 1558-2744. S2CID 163015640.
- ↑ Schwarz, Suzanne (2012-01-01). "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century". History in Africa. 39: 175–207. doi:10.1353/hia.2012.0011. ISSN 1558-2744. S2CID 163015640.
- ↑ Johnston, Harry (January 1999). A history of the colonization of ... - Google Books. Adegi Graphics LLC. ISBN 9780543959799. Retrieved 2011-02-25.