'Yancin Dan Adam a Arewacin Cyprus

'Yancin Dan Adam a Arewacin Cyprus
human rights by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Arewacin Cyprus

Kundin tsarin mulki na Arewacin Cyprus yana kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Arewacin Cyprus. Koyaya, an sami rahotanni game da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam na 'yan tsiraru,' yancin dimokuradiyya,' yanci daga nuna bambanci,' yancen motsi,' yankan addini,' yanƙin magana, haƙƙin ilimi, haƙƙin rayuwa, haƙƙin dukiya, da haƙƙin mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu. Hakkin mutanen Girka da suka yi hijira ta hanyar mamayewar Turkiyya ta 1974 a Cyprus, musamman hakkinsu na dukiya da haƙƙin dawowa, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tattaunawa masu gudana don warware batun Cyprus.

A cewar rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2001, ana mutunta haƙƙin ɗan adam gabaɗaya, kodayake ana samun matsaloli ta fuskar ayyukan 'yan sanda, da hana zirga-zirga. A cikin Janairu 2011, Rahoton Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da batun 'yancin ɗan adam a Cyprus ya lura cewa rabon da ake ci gaba da yi a Cyprus yana ci gaba da shafar 'yancin ɗan adam a duk tsibirin "... ciki har da 'yancin motsi, 'yancin ɗan adam da ya shafi batun mutanen da suka ɓace, wariya, 'yancin rayuwa, 'yancin yin addini, da haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu. "

'Yanci

'Yanci na Dimokuradiyya

Freedom House ta rarraba matakin da aka fahimta na 'yancin dimokuradiyya da siyasa a Arewacin Cyprus a matsayin "yanci" tun daga shekara ta 2000 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World . A watan Janairun 2024, Freedom House ta sake rarraba Arewacin Cyprus a matsayin "yanci" a cikin 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a.

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya ta ba da rahoton cewa: "An haramta 'yan Cypriot na Girka da mazauna Maronite [na Arewacin Cyprus] daga shiga cikin zaben "na kasa" na Turkiyya Cypriots. Ma'aikatar Har ila yau ta rubuta cewa "An haramci 'yan C Cyprus da mazauna Mutanen Maronite daga shiga cikin zaɓen "na kasa"; sun cancanci yin zabe a cikin 'yancin Cypriotes na Girka amma dole ne su tafiyar da aka ruwaitoci a yankin da ita don yin amfani da wannan dama ba da ita a cikin wannan dama na siyasa a cikin' yancin Cyprus ba.

'Yanci daga azabtarwa

A watan Janairun 2009, Gidauniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya (TCHRF), ta amince da cewa: “‘Yan sanda na yawan kai rahoton azabtarwa da cin zarafin bil’adama, kuma lauyoyi da TCHRF suna matsawa hukumomi lamba don su bincikar su da gaske. "

'Yanci na addini

Tsarin mulki na Arewacin Cyprus yana kare 'yancin addini, kuma ya bayyana cewa Arewacin Cyprus ƙasa ce mai zaman kanta. Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2002 ya bayyana cewa doka ta kare 'yancin addini a Arewacin Cyprus kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama' yancin addini. Rahoton 'yancin addini a cikin 2007 ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kuma bayyana cewa "Hukumomin Cyprus na Turkiyya gabaɗaya suna girmama wannan haƙƙin a aikace" kuma aikin addini gabaɗaya kyauta ne. A cikin shekara ta 2009, Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Ƙasa na duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa "Hukumomin Cyprus na Turkiyya sun girmama' yancin addini gabaɗaya".

A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2011, wakilai 68 a Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar Turai, a cikin rubutacciyar sanarwar no. 467, ya yi Allah wadai da: "Katse taron Kirsimeti a arewacin Cyprus da sojojin Turkiyya suka mamaye da kuma hana 'yancin yin addini da ibada. " Inda aka lura cewa sojojin Turkiyya sun tilasta wa limamin cocin da ke gudanar da hidimar a Agios Synesios, da ke Rizokarpaso ya cire rigunansa kuma ya umarci kowa da kowa ya bar cocin don haka ya keta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam.

'Yanci na magana da na' yan jarida

A ranar 6 ga Yulin 1996, Kwamitin Kare ’Yan Jarida ya ba da rahoton cewa, an harbe Kutlu Adali, dan jaridan jaridar Yeni Duzen, har lahira a wajen gidansa. Ya soki manufofin gwamnati na shige da fice. Matar Adali ta garzaya kotu a kotun Turai sakamakon gazawar da hukumomin Arewacin Cyprus suka yi wajen gudanar da bincike kan kisan maigidanta.

Rahoton Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2002 ya bayyana cewa ana mutunta ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da yada labarai gaba daya a Arewacin Cyprus kuma akwai jaridun ‘yan adawa wadanda galibi suna sukar gwamnati.

World Press Freedom Index 2010 ya sanya Cyprus da Arewacin Cyprus 45 da 61 bi da bi. Har ila yau, a cikin 2010, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa an sake girmama 'yancin' yan jarida gabaɗaya, babu ƙuntatawa a intanet, kuma kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu suna aiki kuma suna nuna ra'ayoyi iri-iri ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, Cibiyar Tsaro ta Kasa da Kasa ta ba da rahoton cewa, Mutlu Esendemir, editan labarai na gidan talabijin na Turkiyya-Cypriot Kanal T, da kuma mai ba da rahoto ga jaridar yaren Turkiyya Kıbrıs, dukansu sun ji rauni a cikin bam din mota. Esendemir ya gamsu cewa harin yana da alaƙa da labaran da suka shafi batutuwan tsara gari a Kyrenia. Kemal Darbaz, shugaban Basin Sen, kungiyar 'yan jarida, ya lura cewa hare-haren da aka kai wa' yan jarida sun zama ruwan dare.

Hakki

Hakkin ilimi

A cikin shekarar karatu ta 2004/5, an bude dakin motsa jiki, wanda ya kara da makarantar firamare ta Girka daya tilo da ke Arewacin Cyprus, domin al'ummar Cyprus ta Girka a Rizokarpaso, wannan ita ce makarantar sakandaren al'ummar Cyprus ta Girka ta farko da al'ummar ta samu tun bayan da Turkiyya ta mamaye Cyprus a 1974.

A cikin 2008, jaridar Cypriot Financial Mirror ta rubuta cewa, gwamnatin Arewacin Cyprus ta hana malaman makaranta komawa makarantar firamare a Rizokarpaso .

A cikin 2010, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa "ba a sami wasu lokuta da aka rubuta na nuna bambanci a hukumance ko al'umma ba bisa [...] damar samun ilimi".

Hakkin LGBT

Jima'i tsakanin mata masu girma sun yarda a Arewacin Cyprus. Har yanzu ana aikata laifuka a Arewacin Cyprus har zuwa Janairu 2014, yayin da aka soke dokar adawa da luwadi da ke aiki a Jamhuriyar Cyprus bayan hukuncin 1993 na Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai (Modinos v. Cyprus).

A ranar 27 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2014 ne 'yan majalisar dokokin Cyprus Turkiyya suka amince da wani gyare-gyare na soke dokar da aka kafa a zamanin mulkin mallaka da ta hukunta masu luwadi da madigo da daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari ta hanyar wani sabon kundin tsarin laifuka. Wannan shi ne yanki na ƙarshe a Turai da ya lalata alaƙar jima'i tsakanin masu yarda, manyan maza. A martanin da aka kada, Paulo Corte-Real daga kungiyar 'yan madigo ta kasa da kasa, 'yan luwadi, bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association, wata kungiyar masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama ta ce "Muna maraba da zaben na yau kuma a karshe za mu iya kiran Turai a matsayin nahiyar da ta kubuta daga dokokin da ke haramta luwadi da madigo".

'Yancin' yan tsiraru

A cikin 2008, an buɗe majami'a a Kyrenia don ƙaramin al'ummar Yahudawa a Arewacin Cyprus wanda galibi ya ƙunshi 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ba mazauna ba. Ba a samu rahoton hare-haren Anti-Semitic ba.

Ƙananan ƙananan al'ummomin Girka da Maronite suna rayuwa a cikin ƙauyuka kuma suna fama da lahani na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. An ba da rahoton cewa ƙananan Kurdawa na fuskantar wariya a aikin yi. Kungiyoyin biyu dai sun koka da yadda hukumomin Arewacin Cyprus suke sa ido.

'Yancin mata

Dokar Arewacin Cyprus ta haramta tashin hankali na cikin gida a karkashin wani hari / tashin hankali / batir a cikin dokar aikata laifuka, kodayake ba a riga an zartar da dokar tashin hankali ta cikin gida ba a Arewacin Cyprus. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya, ta lura cewa mata ba su da daidaito kamar maza, kuma ba sa rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayi kamar maza, musamman idan sun yi aure. Ana hana mata jin daɗin hakkinsu ta hanyar al'ummar da ke da iko. Wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a cikin 2010 ya nuna cewa kodayake hukumomi sun kula da shari'o'in fyade yadda ya kamata, tashin hankali a kan mata lamari ne kuma babu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da za su tallafa wa wadanda aka yi wa fyade.

Tarihi

 

Batutuwan da suka shafi matsalar Cyprus

A shekara ta 2001, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ce ba a yi wa 'yan tsiraru na Girka na Cyprus da Maroniyawa yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, wani rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2002 ya ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Arewacin Cyprus ta sassauta takunkumin da aka yi wa tsiraru kuma tana mutunta haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje da ƙaura. A watan Afrilun 1998, gamayyar kasa da kasa mai fafutukar yaki da fataucin bakin haure da ke da hedkwata a Birtaniya ta bayyana cewa sojojin Turkiyya sun aiwatar da manufar hijira ta tilas inda Kurdawa suka tilasta wa Arewacin Cyprus mulkin mallaka daga Jamhuriyar Turkiyya, kuma Hukumar Shige da Fice da Kasa ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1999 ta ce ba a nuna wa Kurdawan wariya kuma suna cin gajiyar wasu hakkokinsu na siyasa da addini.

Shari'ar Class Action, Girkanci Cypriots, et al. v. TRNC da HSBC Bank USA, wanda 'yan gudun hijirar Cyprus Girka suka fara daga mamayar Turkiyya a Cyprus a 1974, Sandra Kocinski, Pat Clarke da Suz Latchford sun hada da Sandra Kocinski, Pat Clarke da Suz Latchford wadanda suka biya amma ba a taba ba su takardar doka ba ga gidajen da suka saya a arewacin tsibirin.

Hukumar Kula da Kaya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta ba da damar siyan kaddarorin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunan su kai tsaye idan an gabatar da bukatar hukumar amma ba ta yarda a mayar da mutanen da suka yi gudun hijira zuwa kadarorinsu ko filayensu ba.

Kashe-kashen da ba su da dalili:

A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1996, yayin zanga-zangar da aka yi a yankin Buffer Zone na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an harbe Solomos Solomou, 'yan gudun hijira Girka na Cyprus, kuma an kashe shi yayin da yake hawa tutar don cire tutar Turkiyya. Lamarin ya faru ne kawai 'yan kwanaki bayan jana'izar dan uwansa Tassos Isaac, wanda aka kashe 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata, da' 'Yan kasar Turkiyya na kungiyar Grey Wolves, a lokacin zanga-zangar da ta gabata.

A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2005, game da hukuncin da aka yanke wa Kakoulli v. Turkiyya a Kotun Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Turai:

"Kotu ta yanke hukunci, tare da haɗin kai, cewa akwai:

· keta Mataki na 2 (dama ga rayuwa) na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam game da kisan dangi na' yan neman da wani sojan Turkiyya ya yi a yankin da ke tsakanin arewa da kudancin Cyprus;

· keta Mataki na 2 game da rashin isasshen bincike game da mutuwarsa ... "

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Janairu 2011, Rahoton Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da batun yancin ɗan adam a Cyprus ya lura cewa:

"Matsayin Andreou v. Turkiyya (45653/99) ya shafi kisan kai ba tare da dalili ba a yankin yankin mamayar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Panayi v. Turkiyaa (45388/99) a yankin shigarwa a yankin mamayar UN. "

Mutanen Girka da suka rasa muhallinsu:

Kotun kare hakkin bil'adama ta Turai ta yanke hukunci kan shari'ar Loizidou da Turkiyya game da 'yancin da 'yar Cyprus ta Girka Titina Loizidou ke da shi na komawa gidanta, tun lokacin da Turkiyya ta mamaye Cyprus, sannan kuma ta nuna gazawar Jamhuriyar Turkiyya ta biya Loizidou Loizidou bayan yanke hukunci a wani taron kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Turai: "... cewa hukumomin Turkiyya sun ci gaba da hana ta samun damar samun wasu kadarori a arewacin Cyprus.

A watan Mayu 2001, Kotun Turai ta ’Yancin ’Yan Adam (ECHR) ta yanke hukunci:

"... cewa Turkiyya ce ke da alhakin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Cyprus wanda ya samo asali ne daga shigar da sojoji na Turkiyya ta 1974. Sakamakon korafin da Gwamnatin Cyprus ta yi, shawarar ta ki amincewa da gardamar Turkiyya cewa "TRNC" ƙasa ce mai zaman kanta kuma a maimakon haka ta yanke hukuncin cewa "karamar hukuma ce ta Turkiyya da ke aiki a arewacin Cyprus".

The Enclaved: A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2001, Kotun Turai ta Turai (ECHR) ta nuna cewa Turkiyya ta yi watsi da hukunce-hukuncen da ta yanke na farko game da ’yancin ilimi. ECHR ta kuma bayyana, a cikin wasu laifuka, guda biyu masu zuwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye ga haƙƙin ilimi, inda na biyu a taƙaice ya bayyana abin da aka yiwa malaman firamare na Rizokarpaso (da iyalansu):

"... keta Mataki na 2 na Yarjejeniya No. 1 (dama ga ilimi) game da Girkanci Cypriots da ke zaune a arewacin Cyprus har zuwa lokacin da babu wuraren makarantar sakandare da suka dace da su; ... keta Mataki ya 3 cewa Girkanci C Cyprus da ke zaune da yankin Karpas na arewacin Cyprus sun kasance ƙarƙashin nuna bambanci wanda ya kai ga lalacewar kulawa;"

Bugu da ƙari, ECHR ta lura da tauye littattafan makaranta da kuma hana karatun sakandare ga waɗanda ke kewaye. Hukumar ta ECHR ta yi kira ga mahukuntan Turkiyya da su daina tantance litattafan harshen Girka tare da sanar da su cewa rufe makarantun da ake amfani da su na yaren Girka tamkar tauye hakkin ilimi ne.

A cikin 2003, Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Jamhuriyar Cyprus ta lura a cikin rahotonta cewa makarantar firamare a Rizokarpasso ita ce makarantar firamare ta Girka kawai a Arewacin Cyprus kuma tana da malamai uku da dalibai ashirin da biyar. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2003, a Majalisar Turai, a Strasbourg, a lokacin " jawabai na minti daya kan batutuwan da suka shafi siyasa ", 'yan majalisar Turai biyu sun nuna damuwarsu game da korar da hukumomin gida suka yi, na malaman makarantar firamare na Rizokarpaso biyu (Alexia da Grigoris Koukotsikas) tare da 'ya'yansu.

An ba da haske game da hane-hane a cikin wani rahoto da ya gabata, na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya:

"... Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin rahotonsa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1995 ya bayyana cewa Girka Cypriots da Maronites a cikin yankin da aka mamaye sun kasance "abin da ke da ƙuntatawa sosai wanda ya rage yin amfani da 'yanci da yawa na asali kuma yana da tasirin tabbatar da cewa, ba tare da wucewar lokaci ba waɗannan al'ummomin za su daina wanzuwa a arewacin tsibirin. "

"Sakatare Janar, a cikin rahotonsa ga Majalisar Tsaro mai kwanan wata 30 ga Nuwamba 1991 (S/24050), ya ce: "... a lokuta da yawa an hana UNFICYP ... yayin gudanar da ayyukan jin kai don tallafawa Girka Cypriots a arewa. Samun damar zuwa ga Girka Cypriots da ke zaune a yankin Karpas ta hanyar ma'aikatan agaji na UNFICYP da 'yan sanda farar hula an hana su a lokuta da yawa ... ba tare da katsewa ba 'yancin motsi wajen aiwatar da ayyukanta da kuma muhimman ayyukan jin kai da alhakin" ... "

Ra'ayoyin Jamhuriyar Cyprus

Jamhuriyar Cyprus ta yi iƙirarin a cikin wani rahoto na 1994 cewa ana tauye haƙƙin ƴan sa-kai na Girka. Rahoton ya kunshi ikirari na hana likitocin Cyprus na Girka hakkin zama a yankin ko kuma kai ziyara akai-akai, da takaita zirga-zirgar dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu sharuddan da ake zargin wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su na ficewa daga kauyukansu da kuma kai rahoto ga ofishin 'yan sanda a mako-mako, ana sanya su tsaftace tashar da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan wani bangare ne na "manufofin musgunawa, wariyar launin fata, tsoratarwa da tilastawa". Rahoton ya kuma ja hankali game da rabon kadarorin Cyprus da hukumomin Turkiyya suka yi a matsayin take hakkin mallaka, da kuma ci gaba da hana 'yan Cyprus 200,000 da suka yi gudun hijira komawa gidajensu.

Sauran batutuwa

Kullum mayar da hankali kan rarraba tsibirin wani lokacin yana rufe wasu batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam. Karuwanci ya yi kamari, kuma ana sukar tsibirin saboda rawar da take takawa a cinikin jima'i a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin safarar mutane daga gabashin Turai.

A cikin Janairun 2009, Gidauniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya ta lura da damuwa game da fataucin mutane:

"Fataucin mutane wani yanki ne da ake iya gani na take hakkin dan Adam a Arewacin Cyprus kasar da ke zama kasar da ake fataucin mata daga kasashe irin su Ukraine da Moldova da kuma Rasha. Da alama fataucin mutane yana karuwa a Arewacin Cyprus kamar yadda ake yi a duniya".

Dubi kuma

• 'Yancin Dan Adam a Cyprus
• Tsarkakewar Intanet da sa ido a Cyprus
• Loizidou v. Turkiyya, shari'ar shari'a ta 1989 game da haƙƙin 'yan gudun hijira da ke son komawa gidajensu da dukiyoyinsu na dā.
• Greek Cypriots, et al. v. TRNC da HSBC Bank USA, wani mataki na aji da Greek Cypraots da sauransu suka kai karar don "ƙaryata samun dama da jin daɗin ƙasa da dukiya da aka gudanar a arewa".
• Kormakitis, wani karamin ƙauye a arewacin tsibirin Cyprus.
• Rizokarpaso, wani gari ne a Yankin Karpass a arewa maso gabashin Cyprus .

Haɗin waje

• Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turkiyya