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'Yancin Dan Adam a Bahrain

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'Yancin Dan Adam a Bahrain
Haƙƙin ɗan adam a ƙasa ko yankuna
Bayanai
Ƙasa Baharain
Wuri
Map
 26°04′03″N 50°33′04″E / 26.0675°N 50.55111°E / 26.0675; 50.55111

Rahoton Bahrain game da haƙƙin ɗan adam an bayyana shi ta Human Rights Watch a matsayin "mai banƙyama", kuma "ya lalace sosai a ƙarshen rabin shekara ta 2010". Rahoton da suka biyo baya a shekarar 2020 ya lura cewa halin da ake ciki na kare hakkin dan adam a kasar bai inganta ba.

Gwamnatin Bahrain ta ware yawan Musulmi Shia.[1] azabtarwa da ɓacewar tilas sun zama ruwan dare a Bahrain. Rikicin da aka yi wa masu zanga-zangar a lokacin bazara na Larabawa na 2011 ya kawo karin korafe-korafe na kare hakkin dan adam, gami da lalata masallatai da yawa na Shia. [2]

An kafa Hukumar Bincike Mai Zaman Kanta ta Bahrain a ranar 29 ga Yuni 2011 ta Sarki Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa don tantance abubuwan da suka faru a Masarautar a lokacin tashin hankali a watan Fabrairu da Maris na 2011 da kuma sakamakon waɗannan abubuwan.[3] An saki rahoton ne a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba na wannan shekarar kuma ya tabbatar da cewa akwai wasu abubuwan da suka faru na cin zarafin jiki da tunani ga wadanda aka tsare.[4] An soki shi saboda rashin bayyana sunayen masu aikata laifuka da kuma ba da lissafi kawai ga waɗanda suka aikata laifukan haƙƙin ɗan adam.[5]

Mutanen da ba su da ƙasa

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Akwai matsala mai girma ga mutanen da ba su da ƙasa, waɗanda aka sani da Bedoon, waɗanda suka kasance zuriyar 'Yan Iran (musamman Farisawa) waɗanda suka zauna a Bahrain shekaru da yawa. Yawancin mutanen da ba su da ƙasa a Bahrain Musulmai ne, wasu daga cikin mutanen da ba sa ƙasa a Bahrain Krista ne.[6]

In Bahrain, stateless people are denied the right to hold legal residency, are not allowed the right to travel abroad,[7] buy houses,[7] and to hold government jobs.[7] They are also not allowed to own land, start a business and borrow loans.[6] Recently, the Bahraini government issued regulations preventing them from sending their children to public schools and to receive free medical care.[7] The stateless can also get deported at any time.[7] Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Bahraini government has deported hundreds of Bedoon to Iran.[7]

Tortura

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Duk da maimaita ikirarin gwamnati na ingantawa a cikin shekaru da yawa, Human Rights Watch ta yi iƙirarin cewa " azabtarwa wani ɓangare ne na yau da kullun na tsarin shari'a a Bahrain.[8]

A cewar wani rahoto na 2011 na Human Rights Watch, tsakanin 2007 da 2009, gwamnati a kai a kai ta yi azabtarwa da rashin kulawa yayin yin tambayoyi ga wadanda ake zargi da tsaro. Kodayake masu magana da yawun gwamnati sun ba da musantawa, babu wata shaida game da binciken aikata laifuka kuma gwamnati ba ta sanya matakan horo ga wadanda ake zargi da aikata laifukan ba.[9]

A cikin 2011, Human Rights Watch ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta sami shaidar cewa kariya ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura sun inganta.

A cewar wani rahoto da cibiyar Reprieve da Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy suka buga, hukuncin kisa a Bahrain ya karu da sama da kashi 600 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce. Har ila yau rahoton ya kira amfani da azabtarwa a Bahrain a matsayin abin da ya fi dacewa, wanda ya bayyana laifukan da suka shafi ikirari na tilastawa, da wutar lantarki, da duka da kuma yunkurin fyade. [10]

Hakeem al-Araibi da aka gudanar a Thailand

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A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2018, an kama wani dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar Bahrain Hakeem al-Araibi, wanda Bahrain ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari bayan samunsa da laifin lalata ofishin 'yan sanda, lokacin da ya isa kasar Thailand tare da matarsa domin gudanar da bikin aurensu. Dan wasan wanda Ostireliya ta ba shi matsayin gudun hijira a shekarar 2014, ya bukaci hukumomin Thailand da kada su tasa keyar shi zuwa Bahrain saboda a baya ana azabtar da shi a Bahrain saboda ra'ayinsa na siyasa.

An tsare shi a tsare a Thailand yayin da gwamnatin Australiya da kungiyoyi da yawa na kasa da kasa da mutane suka yi kira ga a sake shi, har sai da Ofishin Babban Lauyan Thai (OAG) ya sanar a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2019 cewa kotun masu aikata laifuka ta sauke karar da aka yi wa al-Araibi bisa bukatar Bahrain. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ba ta ba da wani dalili ba, amma an yanke shawarar ne a karkashin Sashe na 21 na Dokar Shari'a, wanda ke ba da damar sauke shari'o'i idan ba don amfanin jama'a ba, kuma za a sake shi kuma a ba shi damar komawa Ostiraliya da wuri-wuri.

Nuna bambanci

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A kan kabilun Iran

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A cewar rahotanni daga 2013 da 2016 Ajam_of_Bahrain" id="mwsw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ajam of Bahrain">Bahraini na zuriyar Iran (Kamar Bushehri Lurs, da Achomis) waɗanda ke da asalin Shia suna fuskantar wariyar launin fata yayin da Sunni Achomis ba su da.[11][12][13] Wasu Sunni Achomis sun ki amincewa da rarraba su a matsayin "Ajam" (kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don komawa ga wadanda ba Larabawa ba kuma musamman mutanen da suka fito daga Iran a kasashen GCC kuma musamman Achomis), kuma suna jayayya cewa wannan kalmar tana nufin mutanen da suka yi ƙaura daga Iran tare da asalin Shia. [14] Mai binciken ya nuna cewa yanayin harshe da addini na Sunni Farisa a Bahrain yana da ƙaya, kuma wani lokacin akwai rikice-rikice tsakanin "Larabci na Huwala" da "Sunni Farisa / Achomis".[14]

'Yan Iran na Bahrain na iya fuskantar nuna bambanci da wariyar launin fata sau da yawa, [15] [16] [17] kuma ana tambayar amincinsu koyaushe.[18][19] : 88-95 Rikicin Ƙungiya bayan Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na Iran, : abubuwan da suka faru na 9, 2011, tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi na Musulunci, : 99-100 da aka danganta ga rarrabuwa tsakanin Ajams na Bahrain.[19]

Yayinda daliban makaranta a Iran ke nazarin Modern Standard (Formal) Larabci, Bahrainis na Asalin Iran ko kakannin Iran ba za su iya nazarin Farsi ba, ko wasu yarukan Iran, an ba da shawarar tsakanin 1919-1923 kuma an yi watsi da ita. [20] : Dokokin 'yan kasa 292 a cikin jihohin Gulf Arab a halin yanzu suna ba da izinin zama mai tsawo da ƙwarewa mai gamsarwa a Larabci a matsayin abubuwan da ake buƙata don neman zama ɗan ƙasa. Wannan na iya fadada matsayin marasa kasa na yawancin mutanen Gulf Iran, musamman wadanda ke fuskantar harshe ko wasu ƙalubale. : 49 Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ke kan layi game da 'yan tsirarun Farisa na ƙasar kusan babu su, kuma an hana kafofin watsa labarai yin amfani da harshen Farisa ko magance Al'adun Farisa.[21]

A kan Baharna

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Hakazalika, an ruwaito (a shekara ta 2016) cewa ’yan asalin ƙasar Bahrain (Baḥārna), waɗanda ‘yan Shi’a ne, su ma suna fuskantar irin wannan ra’ayi saboda asalin addininsu.[12][13]

Rarraba addinai

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Asalin

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Ƙananan ƙarancin jama'ar Bahrain Musulmai ne na Shia.[22] Iyalan Sunni Al Khalifa mai mulki, wadanda Amurka ke marawa baya, sun isa Bahrain ne daga Qatar a karshen karni na sha takwas. ‘Yan Shi’a sun yi zargin cewa Al Khalifa ya gaza samun hakki a Bahrain tare da kafa tsarin ‘yan siyasa na nuna wariyar launin fata, da bangaranci da kuma kabilanci.” Vali Nasr, babban kwararre kan yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma duniyar Musulunci ya ce “Ga ‘yan Shi’a, mulkin Sunni ya kasance tamkar rayuwa karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata”.[23]

Nuna bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi

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A cewar jaridar The Christian Science Monitor, Bahrain tana gudanar da wani nau'i na wariyar launin fata ta hanyar barin 'yan Shi'a su rike manyan mukaman gwamnati ko kuma su yi aikin 'yan sanda ko na soja. Hasali ma jami'an tsaro na da ma'aikata 'yan Sunni daga Siriya da Pakistan wadanda su ma suna shiga cikin gaggawa wajen neman zama dan kasa na Bahrain, abin da bai ji dadin 'yan Shi'a 'yan asalin kasar ba.

A cewar cibiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Bahrain, yayin da ‘yan Shi’a suka zarce kashi 70 cikin 100 na al’ummar kasar, “sun mamaye kasa da kashi 18 cikin 100 na manyan ayyuka a ma’aikatun gwamnati. [24]

Ayyuka a cikin 'yan sanda da tilasta makamai an tanada su ga Sunni.[24] Sunni Saudiyya an shigar da su Bahrain a matsayin 'yan ƙasa don cika waɗannan ayyukan.[24][25] Shi'a da "wasu Sunnis na asalin Farisa", an hana su zama a birnin West Riffa, inda Musulmai Sunni ne kawai aka ba su izinin rayuwa.[24]

Gwamnatin Bahraini ta samu nasarar yin kokari na tsari don rage mafi rinjaye na Shia ta hanyar inganta shige da fice na Musulmai Sunni da kuma ba su 'yan ƙasa.[24][26] A cewar Dr. Saeeid Shahabi, wani ɗan jarida mai zama a London,

A ranar 28 ga Afrilun 2007, majalisar dokokin Bahrain ta zartar da wata doka da ta haramtawa ma'aikatan bakin haure marasa aure zama a wuraren zama. Domin tabbatar da dokar dan majalisar Nasser Fadhala, wani makusancin gwamnati ya ce "masu karatun digiri na kan yi amfani da wadannan gidaje wajen yin barasa, yin zoben karuwai ko kuma fyade ga yara da masu aikin gida".

Sadiq Rahma, shugaban kwamitin fasaha, wanda memba ne na Al Wefaq ya ce:

The rules we are drawing up are designed to protect the rights of both the families and the Asian bachelors... these labourers often have habits which are difficult for families living nearby to tolerate... they come out of their homes half dressed, brew alcohol illegally in their homes, use prostitutes and make the neighbourhood dirty... these are poor people who often live in groups of 50 or more, crammed into one house or apartment," said Mr Rahma. "The rules also state that there must be at least one bathroom for every five people... there have also been cases in which young children have been sexually molested.[27]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Home". Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  2. ↑ The Christian Science Monitor (20 June 2011). "Bahrain stages trials of opponents, despite new US criticism". The Christian Science Monitor.
  3. ↑ "Bahrain News Agency – HM King Hamad Sets up Royal Independent Investigation commission". Archived from the original on 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  4. ↑ "BICI | Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". www.bici.org.bh.
  5. ↑ Kristian Coates Ulrichsen (23 November 2011). "Bahrain's uncertain future". Foreign Policy.
  6. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "ar".
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "stat".
  8. ↑ "Bahrain's torture problem". Human Rights Watch. 31 March 2010.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "HRW2011".
  10. ↑ "Bahrain: Use of death penalty and torture on the rise, says report". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  11. ↑ "العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا" [Sunni Ajams in Khaleej/Gulf (GCC) did not face ethnic discrimination]. مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث (in Larabci). 2013-09-15. Archived from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  12. 1 2 abbas (2016-04-09). "مقررو الأمم المتحدة يسائلون السلطات البحرينية عن انتهاكات واسعة ضد البحارنة والعجم الشيعة على كافة المستويات" [UN rapporteurs question Bahraini authorities about widespread violations against Shia Baharna and Ajam at all levels]. مركز البحرين لحقوق الإنسان (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  13. 1 2 الإعلامي, الطاقم (2022-12-02). "لجنة القضاء على التمييز العنصري في مراجعتها تنتقد قصور البحرين في قضايا حقوق الإنسان الرئيسية" [CERD Review Criticizes Bahrain's Shortcomings on Key Human Rights Issues]. منظمة أمريكيون من أجل الديمقراطية وحقوق الانسان في البحرين (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 2023-01-27. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  14. 1 2 "إلى إسماعيل أكبري... افتخر بعجميّتك ولا تبالي" [To Ismail Akbari... Be proud of your Persianness and don't care]. مرآة البحرين (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  15. ↑ Media, Salam (2016-05-15). "Report: Discrimination against the Ajam minority in Bahrain". SALAM DHR (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-07-18. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  16. ↑ Media, Salam (2016-05-15). "ملخص تقرير حول التمييز ضد الأقلية العجم في البحرين". SALAM DHR (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  17. ↑ ADMIN (2016-07-19). "Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  18. ↑ "من جيران إلى أجانب: الإيرانيون في البحرين في أوائل القرن العشرين". www.dohainstitute.org (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  19. 1 2 "تاريخ العرق الفارسي في البحرين" [History of the Persian race in Bahrain] (PDF). Al-Waqt (1346). 2009-10-28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-12. Alt URL
  20. ↑ Stephenson, Lindsey (2019). "Between Modern and National Education: The 'Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait". Arabian Humanities. 12. doi:10.4000/cy.4887.
  21. ↑ "Bahrain: Freedom on the Net 2024 Country Report". Freedom House (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-12-21.
  22. ↑ "Bahrain Opinion Poll Confirms Sectarian Split on Iran, but not on U.S. or Israel | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-03-27.
  23. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sectarian discrimination in the kingdom of Bahrain: The Unwritten Law, A paper Presented to: WANGO ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2003 (Toward an Ethical and Caring Global Community) September 25–28, 2003 Bangkok, Thailand". Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  25. ↑ "Bethany Breeze "A silent apartheid in Bahrain," April 1, 2011, University of Idaho Argonaut". Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  26. ↑ ""Bahraini Despot Wages Demographic War", February 17, 2009, Voice of Bahrain". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  27. ↑ Tariq Kkonji (23 January 2006). "'No go' rule for bachelor labourers". Gulf Daily News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
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