'Yancin Dan Adam a Brazil

'Yancin Dan Adam a Brazil
human rights by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Brazil

''Yancin Dan Adam a Brazil sun haɗa da' 'yancin rayuwa da' yanci na magana; da kuma hukunta bautar da azabtarwa. Al'ummar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam . Rahoton Freedom in the World na 2017 na Freedom House ya ba Brazil maki na "2" don duka 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a; "1" yana wakiltar mafi 'yanci, kuma "7", mafi ƙanƙanta.

Duk da haka, an ba da rahoton matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam kamar haka: azabtar da fursunoni da fursunonin da 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaron gidan yari ke yi; rashin iya kare shaidun da ke da hannu a cikin laifuka; m yanayi; tsawaita tsare kafin shari'a da kuma jinkirin gwaji; rashin son gurfanarwa da kuma gazawa wajen gurfanar da jami’an gwamnati da laifin cin hanci da rashawa; cin zarafi da nuna wariya ga mata; tashin hankali da nuna bambanci ga yara, gami da cin zarafin jima'i; zalunci ga 'yan sanda; nuna bambanci da' yan sanda ga baƙar fataucin baki da' yan asalin mutane; rashin bin doka ga baƙi da kuma rashin sani ga ayyukan aiki. Masu keta haƙƙin ɗan adam galibi suna jin daɗin rashin hukunci. A cewar UNESCO, "Brazil tana inganta ayyuka masu yawa don ci gaba da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, duk da cewa tana fuskantar babban rashin daidaito na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki".

Aikin bautar da cin zarafin ma'aikata

Bayin Afirka suna ɗauke da mutumin Brazil a Salvador, 1869.

Bautar sha'ir a gonar sukari a kasar.

Slavery is illegal in Brazil. Slavery and labor situations like depression era company towns still exist in remote areas in Brazil like the Amazon (a fictional portrayal of such a town occurs in The Rundown). "Debt slavery" (where workers are forced to work to pay an ever-increasing debt) still exists in some rural areas, though it is illegal and the government actively fights against it. The "debt slavery" is particularly worrying in large sugar cane farms, since sugar cane is a raw material for ethanol, a product that the Brazilian government is currently actively encouraging the production and research of.

A cikin 2014, har yanzu ana rarraba Brazil a cikin rahoton Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Amurka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 74 da ke amfani da yara da ma'aikatan bayi a cikin ɓangaren aiki na al'ada. Jerin Kayayyakin da Child Labor ko Forced Labor da aka bayar a cikin rahoton ya nuna samfuran 16 ciki har da auduga, cashews, pineapples, shinkafa da sukari wanda ya dace da ƙasar Brazil.

Cin zarafin bil'adama ba wai kawai ga jama'ar gida ba ne kawai amma ga ma'aikatan gida na kasashen waje. A cikin 2017, an sami ɗan ƙasar Philippines a cikin yanayin bautar zamani da ke aiki ga dangin Brazil.

Rikicin cikin gida

Maria da Penha tana murna da shekaru biyu na Dokar Maria da Penha a Brasília.

Gwamnan Minas Gerais, Aécio Neves, a lokacin Yakin Kare Yaranmu.

Cin zarafin bil'adama ba wai kawai ga jama'ar gida ba ne kawai amma ga ma'aikatan gida na kasashen waje. A cikin 2017, an sami ɗan ƙasar Philippines a cikin yanayin bautar zamani da ke aiki ga dangin Brazil.

Ƙananan kabilun

Gwagwarmaya da ƙididdigar jami'a ga 'yan Afirka a Brasília. Babban hoton ya ce: "Za a shiga kwaleji?

Ko da yake doka ta haramta wariyar launin fata, ƴan ƙasa masu launin fata, musamman Afro-Brazil, suna fuskantar wariya akai-akai. Dokar musamman ta haramta hana jama'a ko wurare masu zaman kansu, aikin yi, ko gidaje ga kowa dangane da launin fata. Har ila yau, dokar ta haramta, kuma ta ba da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, don tunzura wariyar launin fata ko wariyar launin fata da kuma yada alamomi da ƙabilanci. Mutanen Afro-Brazil, waɗanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 7% na yawan jama'a, ba su da wakilci sosai a cikin gwamnati, matsayi na ƙwararru, da na tsakiya da na manya. Sun sami mafi girman adadin rashin aikin yi kuma suna samun matsakaicin albashi kusan rabin na farar fata. Akwai kuma gibin ilimin launin fata mai girman gaske. A cikin watan Fabrairu a wani rahoton gwamnati ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, SEDH ta amince da akwai wariyar launin fata a cikin kasar amma ta bayyana cewa gwamnati ta dauki kuma tana daukar kwararan matakai don rage shi, ciki har da kason shiga jami'o'i ga 'yan Afro-daga.

Manyan jami'o'in jama'a a Gundumar Tarayya da jihohin São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Bahia, da sauran su sun kiyaye shirye-shiryen aiwatarwa. Misali, Jami'ar Brasília ta ware kashi 25 cikin ɗari na guraben aikinta na shekarar farko ta 2007 don ɗaliban da suka ayyana kansu. A cewar wani bincike daga Jami'ar Tarayya ta Rio de Janeiro da aka fitar a watan Janairu, kusan rabin jami'o'in gwamnatin tarayya da na jihohi suna da tsarin kaso ko kari na jarrabawa.

Dokar ta bai wa ƴan asalin ƙasar haƙƙoƙi masu yawa, gami da kare kabilancinsu na al'adu da yin amfani da ƙasashensu na gargajiya keɓantacce. Ko da yake akwai matsaloli da yawa, gwamnati ta sami ci gaba kaɗan wajen tabbatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Gidauniyar ‘yan asalin ƙasar (FUNAI) ta ƙiyasta cewa akwai ‘yan asalin ƙasar 460,000 a cikin al’ummomi 225 a ƙasashen asali da kuma ƙarin ’yan asalin 100,000 zuwa 190,000 da ke zaune a wajen waɗannan yankuna, ciki har da a cikin birane. A cewar ma’aikatar ilimi, jami’o’in jihohi 20 da na tarayya sun ci gaba da ajiye wuraren shiga ga ‘yan asalin kasar. Adadin daliban jami'a na asali, kusan 5,000 ko kusan kashi 1 na jimlar daliban jami'a, ya kasance bai canza ba.

'Yancin mata

Nilcéa Freire, Sakatariyar Siyasa ta Musamman ga Mata

Mata suna da haƙƙin doka iri ɗaya da maza. Wani ofishi a matakin majalisar ministoci, Sakatariyar Manufofin Mata, yana kula da wata hukuma ta musamman da aka dorawa alhakin tabbatar da hakokin mata. Duk da cewa dokar ta haramta nuna wariya dangane da jinsi a aikin yi da kuma albashi, akwai gagarumin rashin daidaiton albashi tsakanin maza da mata. A cewar ma’aikatar kwadago da samar da aikin yi (MTE), ana biyan mata kasa da maza a ayyuka iri daya.

Dokar ta tanadi kwanaki 120 na hutun haihuwa ga mata da kwanaki bakwai na hutun haihuwa ga maza. Har ila yau, dokar ta hana masu daukar ma’aikata bukatar masu neman ko ma’aikata su yi gwajin ciki ko gabatar da takardar shaidar haihuwa, amma wasu ma’aikata sun nemi takardar shedar haihuwa daga mata masu neman aikin ko kuma sun yi kokarin kaucewa daukar mata masu shekaru da haihuwa aiki. An yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu a kan masu daukar ma’aikata da suka saba wa doka, yayin da za a iya cin tarar kamfanin sau 10 na albashin ma’aikacin da ya fi biya.

Yin karuwanci doka ce, amma yin amfani da ita ta hanyar ayyukan da ke da alaƙa, kamar yin karuwanci, haramun ne. Duk da yake babu takamaiman dokoki da ke magana game da yawon shakatawa na jima'i, ana hukunta shi a ƙarƙashin wasu laifuffuka masu laifi, kuma akwai dokar da gwamnati ta fitar don yaƙi da yawon shakatawa na jima'i da cin zarafin jima'i» da kamfen da gwamnati ta gudanar a wuraren da abin ya fi shafa.

Gundumar Tarayya da jihohin Pernambuco, Espírito Santo, Amazonas, da Paraná sun kafa dokoki da ke buƙatar wasu kasuwancin su nuna alamun da ke ɗauke da hukuncin yin jima'i da ƙarami. Jihohin Rio de Janeiro da Bahia suna da irin wannan doka. Kungiyoyin mata sun ba da rahoton cewa karuwai na fuskantar wariya yayin neman magani kyauta. Fataucin mata da nufin karuwanci ya kasance babbar matsala.

Kowace sakatariyar tsaron jama'a tana aiki da "delegacias da mulher" (DEAMs), ofisoshin 'yan sanda da aka keɓe musamman don magance laifuka a kan mata, don jimlar 415 a duk fadin kasar. Ingancin ayyuka ya bambanta sosai, kuma wadatar ta iyakance musamman a yankuna masu nisa. Misali, yankunan Arewa da Arewa maso Gabas, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da kusan kashi 35 cikin 100 na yawan jama'ar ƙasar, suna da kashi 24 cikin 100 na DEAMs na ƙasar.

Tashoshin sun ba da shawarwari na tunani, matsuguni na wucin gadi, da kuma kula da asibiti ga wadanda rikicin gida da fyade ya shafa (ciki har da maganin cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i) da kuma taimakon gurfanar da masu laifi ta hanyar bincike da mika shaida ga kotuna. Haka kuma akwai cibiyoyin tuntuba 123 da matsugunan mata 66.

A Rio de Janeiro, Shirin Mata na birnin Rio ya ba da taimako ga matan da aka yi musu fyaden da aka yi musu barazanar kisa. Lokacin da ya cancanta, an tura wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa takamaiman matsuguni, wanda kuma ya ba da taimakon tunani da shari'a. Baya ga Shirin Mata, wadanda rikicin cikin gida ya rutsa da su na samun samun taimako a matsayin Tallafawa Mata, wani shiri na bidiyo jihar Rio de Janeiro wanda ya ba da layukan korafe-korafe, matsuguni, da motsa jiki da shari'a.

Doka ta bukaci cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya su tuntubi 'yan sanda game da shari'o'in da aka cutar da mace a jiki, ta jima'i, ko ta hankali don tattara shaida da bayanai idan wanda aka azabtar ya yanke shawarar gurfanar da shi. Cin zarafin jima'i laifi ne na laifi, wanda hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari ne. Dokar ta ƙunshi ci gaban jima'i a wurin aiki ko a cibiyoyin ilimi da tsakanin masu ba da sabis ko abokan ciniki.

A wurin aiki yana aiki ne kawai a cikin yanayi na matsayi, inda mai cin zarafi ya kasance mafi girma ko matsayi fiye da wanda aka azabtar. Duk da cewa an aiwatar da dokar, zargin ba kasafai ba ne, kuma ba a rubuta adadin matsalar ba.

Rikicin fursunoni

The Brazilian prison system has been considered insolvent for a long time. Prisons are overcrowded and unhealthy, and prison rape is not uncommon. There are over 400,000 inmates in the system. Beatings, torture and killings by prison guards occur throughout the system. Children are abused in the juvenile justice system. According to the Ministry of Justice, 13,489 teenagers are in detention. Prison overcrowding results in a prominent occurrence of prison violence and murder as well as frequent revolts and escapes. To deal with these problems, prison administrations often divide prison populations according to gang affiliation. According to Global Justice, there have been claims of gang affiliation being assigned. Living space, food, and human cleanliness conditions are inhumane and bribery for privileges and transfers is rampant. In December 2007, a case of prison gang rape in Pará brought media attention to the condition of human rights in the Brazil prison system. Other cases, like of the beating of two young suspects by two military police officers from the 4th Battalion in the city of Picos, Piauí, have also made the headlines.

Yanayin gidajen yari a duk fadin kasar yakan kasance daga talauci zuwa matsananciyar wahala da kuma barazana ga rayuwa. Cin zarafi daga masu gadin gidan yari, rashin kula da lafiya, da cunkoson jama’a sun faru a wurare da dama. Jami’an gidan yari sun kan yi mu’amala da fursunonin da suka hada da azabtarwa, mummuna ko yanayin aiki mai hadari, sakaci a hukumance, rashin tsaftar muhalli, cin zarafi da musgunawa da masu gadi ke yi, da rashin kula da lafiya ya kai ga rasa rayuka a gidajen yari. Rashin yanayin aiki da karancin albashi ga masu gadin gidan yari sun karfafa cin hanci da rashawa. Fursunonin da suka aikata ƙananan laifuka an tsare su tare da masu kisan kai. A cewar ma’aikatar gidan yari ta kasa, a watan Yuni akwai fursunoni 392,279 da ake tsare da su, kashi 40 cikin 100 fiye da yadda tsarin ke tsara tsarin, kuma adadin ya karu kusan 3,000 a kowane wata. A cikin wannan shekarar fursunoni 135 ne suka shiga cikin tarzoma daga watan Janairu zuwa Yuni a gidajen yarin tarayya. Akwai korafe-korafe da yawa na hukuma game da cunkoso a jihohin Goiás, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, da Minas Gerais.

Takaitaccen kisa da tashin hankali na 'yan sanda

'Yan sanda sun kusanci farar hula a cikin Gundumar Tarayya Brazil.

Rikicin 'yan sanda na daya daga cikin cin zarafin bil'adama da kasashen duniya suka amince da shi a Brazil. Matsalar tashe-tashen hankula a birane ya mayar da hankali ne kan gwagwarmayar da ake yi tsakanin 'yan sanda da mazauna manyan laifukan favelas kamar wuraren da aka nuna a cikin fim din City of God da galibi Elite Squad.

Police response in many parts of Brazil is extremely violent, including summary execution and torture of suspects. According to Global Justice, in 2003, the police killed 1,195 people in the State of Rio de Janeiro alone. In the same year 45 police officers were killed. It is often reacted to by local communities and trafficking groups with demonstrations and violent resistance, causing escalation and multiplying victims. Unofficial estimates show there are over 3,000 deaths annually from police violence in Brazil, according to Human Rights Watch. There are constant complaints of racism, abuses, torture, executions and disappearances. Not all states record police killings or keep accurate statistics.

Rahoton kashe-kashen da ‘yan sandan Rio de Janeiro ke yi ya ragu a cikin shekarar a karkashin wani sabon dabarun tsaro na jihar. Kididdiga da Sakatariyar Tsaro ta Jihar Rio de Janeiro ta fitar ta nuna cewa an kashe mutane 911 sakamakon arangamar ‘yan sanda daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba, kashi 12 cikin 100 ya ragu a daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2007. Cibiyar Tsaron Jama’a ta Rio de Janeiro ta bayar da rahoton cewa, ‘yan sanda sun kashe kusan mutane hudu a kowace rana a shekara ta 2007. A cewar wani rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka fitar a watan Satumba, ‘yan sanda sun yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 6 a Jihar Rio de Janeiro. 2007. Yawancin wadannan kashe-kashen sun faru ne a lokacin "ayyukan juriya," in ji rahoton na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sakatariyar Tsaro ta Jihar São Paulo ta bayar da rahoton cewa, ‘yan sandan jihar São Paulo (farar hula da sojoji) sun kashe fararen hula 340 a jihar daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba, idan aka kwatanta da 315 a daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2007. Laifukan da suka shafi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba bisa ka’ida ba ko dai na karkashin binciken ‘yan sanda ne ko kuma a gaban kotunan jihar; masu lura da al'amuran yau da kullun sun yi imanin cewa zai iya ɗaukar shekaru kafin a warware irin waɗannan matsalolin.

Ba a samu rahoton bacewar siyasa ba. Koyaya, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro da zama ɗan ƙasa ta kiyasta cewa a cikin 2006 kusan mutane 1,940 "sun bace"; cibiyar ta yi imanin 'yan sanda ne suka kashe da dama. Babu wani ci gaba a cikin bacewar da ta faru a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na soji na 1964-85, kuma shari'o'i 400 sun rage ga Hukumar Amnesty ta tantance. Har ila yau, babu wani ci gaba dangane da kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai ta 2007 da ya nemi gwamnati ta karbe takardu don sanin yanayin mutuwar fursunonin siyasa na gwamnatin soja da kuma wuraren gawarwakinsu.

Tortura

Binciken ra'ayi game da hukuncin kisa a Brazil tun 1991: Favourable Against Undefined Source: Cibiyar Datafolha.   

Brazil's 21-year military dictatorship, ushered in with a U.S.-backed coup in 1964, tortured thousands of Brazilian citizens—anyone even suspected of opposing the authoritarian regime. As of 1988, torture is illegal in Brazil. However, the nation still suffers from state-sanctioned brutality today, including the torture of those incarcerated. Perhaps then it is not surprising that torture in Brazil is widespread and systematic, according to the ex-UN Special Rapporteur. Occurrence of police torture accompanies murder or effecting intimidation and extortion. Torture has also been widely reported in detention centers and mental institutions. Although the constitution prohibits torture and provides severe legal penalties for its use, torture by police and prison guards remained a serious and widespread problem. In February[year missing] the government's National Human Rights Secretariat (SEDH) acknowledged that torture existed in the country and related the problem to societal tolerance and the fear of retaliation.

'Yan sandan tarayya da na jihohi da na soji na yawan fuskantar hukunci a lokuta da ake azabtarwa, kamar yadda ake yi a wasu lokuta na cin zarafi. A cikin wannan shekara an sami ƙarin ƙasa (na jimillar 13 cikin 26) ta amince da Tsarin Kasa don Rigakafi da Kula da azabtarwa, wanda ya haɗa da shigar da kyamarori a cikin gidajen yari da gidajen yari, faifan tambayoyi, da kuma sake ɗaukan zato na rashin laifi ga waɗanda ake zargi da azabtarwa.

During the first half of the year,   the São Paulo State Ombudsman's Office received five complaints of torture by police, compared with seven during the same period of 2007. Police continued to abuse transvestite prostitutes in Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Salvador, according to the Gay Group of Bahia. Police routinely investigated such allegations, which rarely resulted in punishment (see section 5 Other Societal Abuses and Discrimination). In Rio de Janeiro, militia members reportedly continued to use physical abuse, degrading treatment, and torture to spread fear and establish control over favela residents. While militia members, many of them off-duty and former law enforcement officers, often began by taking community policing into their own hands, many intimidated residents and conducted other illegal activity. In May militia members reportedly kidnapped, tortured, and released two O Dia newspaper investigative journalists in Rio de Janeiro's Batan favela, when they were discovered living there undercover to investigate militias.

Jami'in 'yan sandan sojan Rio de Janeiro, wanda ya fito fili ya kare amfani da azabtarwa a cikin 2007 kuma daga baya aka canza shi, an nada shi kwamandan Bataliya ta 38 na Soja a Três Rios. Jami’an ‘yan sanda tara da suka hada da shugaban ‘yan sanda na Osasco, São Paulo, a shekara ta 2007, da laifin sata, azabtarwa, karbar kudi, duka, da kuma barazanar fyade don karbar kudi, sun kasance cikin ‘yanci kuma sun ci gaba da jiran shari’ar da a karshen shekara ba a shirya ba. A cikin Oktoba 2007 Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Inter-American (IACHR) ta amince da bincike da yawa a cikin shari'ar da ta samo asali a cikin 1998, cewa hukumomi sun keta hakkin Antonio Ferreira Braga ta hanyar kama shi da azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba a 1993 a Jihar Ceará, da kuma cewa gwamnati ta kasa hanawa da hukunta abubuwan da aka ce, sannan kuma ta ba da shawarwari guda hudu. Bayan musayar ra'ayi daban-daban, IACHR ta sanar a ranar 18 ga Yuli cewa gwamnati ta cika shawarar daya (koyawa 'yan sanda game da kula da mutuntaka), amma ba wasu biyu ba (bincike da hukunta wadanda ke da hannu, biyan diyya ga wanda aka azabtar), kuma wanda ya kasance yana jiran (binciken yiwuwar sakaci na hukumomi).

Rikicin gona da zalunci

Yara suna murna da shekaru ashirin na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata marasa Ƙasa, a birnin Itapeva.

Gwagwarmayar noma a Brazil tana da yawa, tana tabo batutuwan sare itatuwa, gina madatsun ruwa, kora, tsugunne, da safarar namun daji. Gagarumin yunƙurin ma'aikata marasa ƙasa a Brazil ya ƙunshi mutane masu yawa da ƙaura marasa ƙasa. Masu mallakar filaye suna kai ‘yan sanda domin su kora da kuma tsoratar da mutanen da ba su da ƙasa daga dukiyoyinsu.

Other cases of agrarian human rights violations involve invasion of properties and taking landowners as hostages, in order to force the government to provide land for the Landless Worker's Movement. Further agrarian violence arises from smugglers of exotic animals, wood, and other minerals from extracting contraband from forest or agrarian areas. In Brazil, the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) has 1.5 million people in the group.

Rikicin 'yan asalin ƙasar

Gidauniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar a Jihar Roraima .

Yayin da kamfanonin sare gandun daji ke shiga don cin gajiyar sararin samaniyar da Amazon ke bayarwa, ƙabilun ƴan asalin da ke zaune a cikin dajin suna fuskantar tashin hankali. Don su kāre ƙasarsu, ’yan asalin ƙasar da yawa suna kai farmaki ga sababbin masu zuwa, waɗanda ke yaƙi da su, suna haifar da tashin hankali da mutuwa.

Dokar ta ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar amfani da ƙasa, ruwa, da ma'adanai na keɓantaccen amfani a ƙasashen na asali, amma dole ne Majalisa ta amince da kowace shari'a. Gwamnati ce ke kula da filayen amma dole ne ta yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin al'ummomin da abin ya shafa game da ci gaban su ko amfani da su, kuma al'ummomin suna da 'yancin cin riba daga irin wannan amfani. Sai dai kuma shugabanni da masu fafutuka sun yi korafin cewa ‘yan asalin kasar na da karancin shiga cikin hukunce-hukuncen da gwamnati ta dauka wanda ya shafi filayensu da al’adunsu da al’adunsu da kuma rabon dukiyar kasa.

Har ila yau, an soki gwamnati saboda ba da isasshen albarkatu ga kiwon lafiya, wasu ayyuka na asali, da kuma kare wuraren ajiyar 'yan asalin daga baƙi. Mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba ne waɗanda suka yi amfani da ƙasashen' yan asalin ba bisa ka'ida ba don hakar ma'adinai, katako, da aikin gona galibi suna lalata muhalli da namun daji kuma suna haifar da rikice-rikicen tashin hankali. Fundação Nacional do Índio, wanda ya amince da rashin isasshen albarkatu don kare ƙasashen 'yan asalin ƙasar daga mamayewa, ya dogara da 'Yan sanda na Tarayya marasa ma'aikata da marasa kayan aiki don tilasta bin doka a ƙasashen' yan asalin ƙasar. Nuwamba 13, 2012, ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar daga Brazil APIB ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya takardar kare hakkin dan adam da ke gunaguni game da sabbin dokokin da aka gabatar a Brazil waɗanda za su kara lalata hakkinsu idan an amince da su. Wani rahoto game da tashin hankali ga 'yan Afirka da' 'Yan asalin Brazil ya fito ne daga gwamnatin Brazil a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2020.

'Yancin Dan Adam a Brazil
Bayanai
Iri	human rights by country or territory (en)
Ƙasa	Brazil

'Yan gudun hijira

Masallacin da 'yan gudun hijira Musulunci suka kafa a garin Mogi das Cruzes.

Dokar ta tanadi ba da mafaka ko matsayin 'yan gudun hijira kamar yadda yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 1951 da ta shafi yanayin 'yan gudun hijira da kuma tsarinta na 1967, kuma gwamnati ta kafa tsarin ba da kariya ga 'yan gudun hijira. A zahiri gwamnati ta ba da kariya daga korar ko mayar da 'yan gudun hijira zuwa kasashen da za a yi barazana ga rayuwarsu ko 'yancinsu.

Gwamnati ta ba da kariya ta wucin gadi ga mutanen da ba za su cancanci zama 'yan gudun hijira ba a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar 1951 da yarjejeniya ta 1967. Gwamnati ta yi hadin gwiwa da ofishin hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta MDD (UNHCR) da sauran kungiyoyin jin kai wajen taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka.

Hukumar ta UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane 600 ne suka tsere zuwa kasar daga rikicin watan Satumba a Pando, Bolivia, kuma 70 sun nemi mafaka. Hukumar kula da ‘yan gudun hijira ta kasar ta ce a karshen shekarar nan akwai ‘yan gudun hijira 3,918 da aka amince da su a kasar. A cikin shekarar hukumomi sun ba da matsayin gudun hijira ga mutane 226. Wadanda ke kula da matsayinsu, wanda ake bitar duk shekara biyu, za su iya samun takaddun shaida da tafiye-tafiye da aiki da karatu a cikin ƙasa.

Daga 1998 zuwa 2008, mutane 4,515 sun nemi mafaka, a cewar rahotannin labarai. Akwai, baya ga amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira a hukumance, kusan 'yan gudun hijirar Colombia 17,500 a yankin Amazon na kasar, bisa ga Binciken 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Duniya na 2008. Yawancin masu neman mafaka ba su da tallafin gwamnati saboda rashin kyawun ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Dangantaka da al'ummomin yankin na daɗa wahala saboda matsin lamba akan tsarin ilimi da kiwon lafiya.

Rikicin da ake yi wa masu kare hakkin dan adam

Many human rights defenders who have arisen to oppose human rights violations and their families and friends suffer violence and persecution across Brazil. Telephone death threats are prominent and often followed through by ambush or assassination.

Jami'an gwamnati, lauyoyi, shugabannin kungiyar har ma da shugabannin addini galibi ana niyya da su, kamar yadda ya faru da batun Antonio Fernandez Saenz. Hadarin kare hakkin dan adam ya shiga manema labarai na duniya tare da kisan Dorothy Stang a shekara ta 2005, da Chico Mendes a shekara ta 1988.

A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2022, ofishin hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (OHCHR) ya fitar da wata sanarwa inda ya yi Allah wadai da takunkumin da aka dauka kan 'yancin 'yan kasar Brazil na shiga cikin jama'a da siyasa, da kuma munanan matakan ta'addanci da ake kaiwa masu kare hakkin bil'adama, 'yan jarida mata, 'yan asalin asali da al'ummomin gargajiya musamman na Afirka.

Hakkin LGBT

zanga-zangar adawa da nuna bambanci a Brasília.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) mutane a Brazil suna jin daɗin yawancin kariya ta doka da ke samuwa ga mutanen da ba LGBT ba, tare da mutanen LGBT da ke da haƙƙin aure a duk faɗin ƙasar tun Mayu 2013. An ba da izini ga Ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya su yi aure, kuma suna da haƙƙin doka iri ɗaya da masu aure.

Gidan Gay Pride na São Paulo shine bikin girman kai na LGBT mafi girma a duniya, tare da mutane miliyan 4 a shekara ta 2009. Brazil tana da ma'aurata sama da 60,000 na jinsi ɗaya a cikin 2010 (IBGE). Har ila yau, kasar tana da kungiyoyi 300 masu aiki na LGBT.

Nuna bambanci ga kungiyoyin LGBT ya ragu bisa ga bayanai daga binciken Ibope, cibiyar Brazil don kididdiga da ra'ayin jama'a. Kashi 60% na 'yan Brazil suna la'akari da luwadi na halitta. Koyaya, tashin hankali da nuna bambanci sun kasance, kuma Brazil tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe inda ake kashe yawancin 'yan luwadi. A cewar rahoton "Epidemic of Hate", wanda Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta buga a shekarar 1996, an kashe akalla mutane 1,200 a Brazil a cikin shekaru goma.

Dubi kuma

 

• Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a Brazil
• wariyar launin fata a Brazil
• Hakkin mata a Brazil
• Heráclito Fontoura Sobral Pinto
• Kisan kiyashi na Candelária (1993)
• Kisan kiyashi na Carandiru (1992)
• Kisan kiyashi na Alemão (2007)
• Rikicin 'yan sanda a Brazil
• Dokar Laifin Sojojin Brazil

Bayanan da aka ambata

 Wannan labarin ya haɗa dakayan yankin jama'adaga.mw-parser-output cite. Rahoton 'Yancin Dan Adam na 2008: Brazil. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.