'Yancin Dan Adam a Falasdinu

  Halin kare hakkin bil'adama a yammacin kogin Jordan da zirin Gaza yana da nasaba da manufofin Falasdinu da kuma manufofin Isra'ila, wanda ke shafar Falasdinawa a yankunan Falasdinawa da ta mamaye kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice, ta hanyar tasirinsu kan hukumar Falasdinu (PA). Bisa ga The Economist Democracy Index wannan jihar an rarraba ta a matsayin mulkin kama karya.

Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a

Hakki da 'yanci

A cikin Sashin Lantarki na Tattalin Arziki (Democracy Index), mafi girman lissafi yana ba da rahoton mafi yawan dimokuradiyya. Daga cikin kasashe 167 da suka shiga cikin matsayi, Koriya ta Arewa ita ce mafi muni (index 1.08) kuma Norway ita ce mafi kyau (index 9.87). Falasdinu ta kasance ta 117, tare da lissafin 3.89. Binciken shekara-shekara na Freedom House game da 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam, Freedom in the World 2001-2002, ya ba da rahoton cewa 'yancin ɗan adam ya ragu a cikin Falasdinu "saboda harbe-harben da jami'an tsaron Falasdinawa suka yi na kashe fararen hula Falasdinawa; taƙaitaccen gwaji da kisa na zargin haɗin gwiwar da Hukumar Falasɗinu ta Palasdinawa (PA), kashe-kashen wuce gona da iri da ake zargin jami'an Isra'ila ne da masu fafutuka. Sojoji, don haka sanya su kai tsaye a cikin hanyar cutarwa." Kungiyar Kula da Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Falasdinu ta ba da rahoton "rashin jituwa na yau da kullun da rikice-rikice tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na siyasa, iyalai da biranen cewa ana zana cikakken hoton al'ummar Palasdinu a lokacin al Aqsa Intifada kuma ya haifar da tashin hankali 'Intra'fada'." 

'Yancin mutum da' yanci

'Yanci na magana

Hukumar ta PA ta ba wa al'ummar Palasdinu yancin yin taro, kuma dokokinta sun bayyana haka. Duk da haka, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga ga masu adawa da tsarin mulkin PA ko na PA ya ƙara zama ƙarƙashin ikon 'yan sanda da ƙuntatawa kuma yana da damuwa ga kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama.

Activists say there is a growing crackdown on writers who criticize the Palestinian Government. A cewar babban daraktan kungiyar Advancing Human Rights David Keyes, a cikin 2013, Anas Awwad, dan shekara 26 mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama, wata kotun Falasdinu a Nablus da ke gabar yammacin kogin Jordan, ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekara guda a gidan yari bayan da ya halarci zaman gidan yari na tsawon shekara guda saboda ya yi wa shugaban hukumar Falasdinu Mahmud Abbas a shafin Facebook.   Keyes ya kuma bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2012, Hukumar Falasdinu ta kama Jamal Abu Rihan mawallafin shafin yanar gizo na Falasdinu saboda ya fara wani kamfen na Facebook mai suna People Want an End to Corruption. An tuhume shi da laifin "mika harshensa" kan shugabancin Falasdinu. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, an kama wani malamin jami'ar West Bank, Ismat Abdul-Khaleq, saboda sukar Abbas a Facebook. Bayan haka, jami'an hukumar tsaro ta PA's Preventive Security Service a Ramallah sun kama Tarek Khamis, wanda ke aiki da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Zaman Jarida ta Falasdinu. An tsare shi ne saboda sukar yadda hukumar Falasdinu ke mu’amala da Abdul-Khaleq [bayani da ake bukata] da kuma sukar yadda ake takurawa ‘yan jarida a Yammacin Kogin Jordan. A cewar David Keyes, an tsare George Canawati, darektan gidan rediyo na Baitalami da ɗan jarida Rami Samar saboda sanya zargi game da Hukumar Falasdinawa a Facebook. 

An yi barazanar kisa ga minista Nabil Shaath saboda shirin shiga wani taro a Italiya wanda ministan harkokin wajen Isra'ila Silvan Shalom ya halarta na Jenin Martyrs Brigades, reshen makamai na Popular Resistance Committees. Sun bayyana cewa, "Idan ya shiga za a yanke masa hukuncin kisa, ba za a iya soke hukuncin ba, muna kira ga jami'an tsaronsa da su yi watsi da ayarinsa domin tsira da rayukansu."

Wasu ‘yan bindiga rufe fuska ne suka harbe Nabil Amar, tsohon ministan yada labarai kuma memba a majalisar dokokin Falasdinu bayan ya soki Arafat tare da yin kira da a kawo sauyi a PA a wata hira da yayi da gidan talabijin.

Majalisar da Hamas ke mulkin Yammacin Kogin Jordan ta fuskanci suka daga kasashen duniya a shekara ta 2005, saboda hana gudanar da bikin kade-kade da raye-raye a fili, a kan yin adawa da Musulunci.

Fabrairu 2016, Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor ya fitar da rahoton da ke nuna yadda ake cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a yammacin kogin Jordan da zirin Gaza. Rahoton Euro-Med, "Strangulation Sau Biyu: Ayyukan Zalunci na Ayyukan Tsaro na Falasdinu", ya rubuta tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare 1,274 a Yammacin Gabar Kogin Jordan a cikin 2015 da kuma 1,089 na sammaci don bayyana a gaban 'yan sanda ko "tsaro na cikin gida". Galibin wadannan ayyukan da Hukumar Falasdinawan ta yi sun shafi mutanen da ke da alaka da Hamas ko kuma wadanda ke adawa da manufofin PA. A Gaza, tsare tsare 117 ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma umarnin bayyana 98 a bara an danganta su ga Hamas da ke mulkin yankin. Kamar takwarorinsu na PA, jami'an tsaro sun fi kai hari ga abokan hamayyar siyasa. Mai sa ido ya ce yawan take hakkin dan Adam da hukumomin PA suka aikata a yammacin kogin Jordan ya zarce na Hamas. Duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da laifin sa baki da zalunci. Hukumar ta Euro-Med ta yi kira ga bangarorin biyu, PA da Hamas, da su fitar da wani kuduri mai tsauri da ya shafi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da kuma haramta duk wani nau'i na cin zarafi.

A watan Agustan 2016, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta buga wani rahoto game da Falasdinu da ke tattaunawa kan 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a yankunan Falasdinu. Kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta rubuta labarin Majd Khawaja mai shekaru 22, wanda jami'an tsaro suka kama a hedkwatar hukumar leken asiri. An zargi Khawaja da zanen kalmar (intifada) tashin hankali a bango, yana da makamai da kuma shirin shigar da mutane cikin kasar Jordan. An yi masa azaba ta jiki yayin da ake yi masa tambayoyi. Ya wallafa wasu wakoki game da cin hanci da rashawa na PA wanda ya dauki laifi a matsayin laifi; An cire wakokin daga YouTube.

Agusta 2016, Human Rights Watch ta buga wani rahoto game da Falasdinu da ke tattauna 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a yankunan Falasdinu. Kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta rubuta shari'ar Mutaz Abu Lihi, mai shekaru 21, wanda jami'an tsaro suka kama a hedkwatar hukumar leken asiri a cewar takardun kotu, masu gabatar da kara na Falasdinu sun tuhumi Abu Lihi da abokansa na rap da laifin haifar da rikici, a karkashin sashi na 150 na kundin hukunta laifukan yaki, da kuma sukar wata babbar hukuma, a karkashin labarin 195. Masu gabatar da kara sun ce an yanke wa Abu Lihi hukuncin daurin rai da rai. sun hada da cin mutuncin shugaban kasar Falasdinu da kuma kan hukumomi".

Disamba 2016, Euro Med Human Rights Monitors sun ba da rahoto game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa a Falasdinu. Yayin da 'yan majalisar uku ke gudanar da zama a ofishin kwamitin kasa da kasa na kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, shugaban Falasdinawa Mahmoud Abbas ya dakatar da kariyarsu daga majalisar; biyu daga cikinsu ana zarginsu da yin almubazzaranci, safarar makamai da bata suna; haka kuma an hana su kai kayan abinci da ruwa da kuma ziyarar ‘yan jarida. A maimakon haka ‘yan majalisar uku sun bayyana cewa shugaban ya aikata hakan ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya a kansu saboda kawancen da suka yi da Mohammad Dahalan. A cewar rahoton, karya kwamitin Red Cross na kasa da kasa ana daukarsa a matsayin keta dokokin kasa da kasa. Har ila yau, matakin na hukumar Falasdinu ya ci karo da tsarin zartaswa na Palasdinawa da kuma jajircewarta na kare hakkokin bil'adama kamar yadda yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa suka tsara.

Cibiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Al-Mizan ta buga wani rahoto game da take hakkin fadin albarkacin baki a Gaza. Tun daga farkon lokacin sanyi, katsewar wutar lantarki ya fara yin muni, wanda ya yi mummunar tasiri ga al'ummar bukatu miliyan biyu. Wutar lantarkin dai ta tashi ne na tsawon sa'o'i hudu, sannan kuma ba a yi awanni 12 ba. Sakamakon rufe iyakokin Isra'ila, an sami karancin mai a kasuwannin Gaza kuma matsalar jin kai ta kara ta'azzara: yawan mace-mace, musamman a tsakanin yara da manya, marasa lafiya da nakasassu da ke zaune a daruruwan bene ba tare da hawa hawa ba. A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 2017, dubban mutane ne suka hallara a sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira na Jabaliya domin gudanar da zanga-zanga a kofar kamfanin wutar lantarki. 'Yan sandan sun tarwatsa su ta hanyar harbi sama da duka da dukan mutane. Dangane da haka, Mohammed Al Baba, dan jarida a Agence France Presse, ya ci karo da yankan idonsa na hagu, kuma an kama kyamararsa da kuma Fares Akram Al Ghoul, dan jarida daga kamfanin dillacin labarai na Associated Press. Akwai kuma mutane shida da suka samu raunuka. Kamar yadda rahoton ya bayyana, ‘yan sandan sun kira wasu gungun jama’a domin yi musu tambayoyi tare da kutsa kai cikin gidaje domin kame mutane da nufin tilasta musu sanya hannu kan takardun mutunta doka da kuma hana su tada hankali abin da ake kira “tsaron lafiyar jama’a” duk da tauye hakkin al’ummar Gaza na yin zanga-zanga cikin lumana da kuma bayyana ra’ayoyinsu.

'Yanci na' yan jarida

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, 'yan jarida goma sha shida na Palasdinawa sun kashe ko sun ji rauni daga jami'an tsaro na PA ko kungiyoyin makamai.

A watan Yulin 2006 ne Hukumar Falasdinu ta tsare Abdullah Issa, mawallafin Bafalasdine kuma editan Mujallar Donia al Watan, bisa laifin buga wani labari game da satar $400,000 daga Ministan Harkokin Wajen PA Mahmud al-Zahar a lokacin da ya ziyarci Kuwait. Labarin dai ya jefar da kungiyar Hamas cewa tana da makudan kudade yayin da al'ummar Palasdinu ke fama da talauci. Wannan labari ya fito a wani wuri a kafafen yada labarai na Larabci. Issa, ya zargi al-Zahar da Hamas da yin katsalandan ga ‘yancin ‘yan jarida a yankunan Falasdinu, ya kuma bayyana rashin jin dadinsa da gazawar Hamas wajen yin cin hanci da rashawa kamar yadda suka yi alkawari a dandalin zabensu: “Muna da ‘yancin daukar nauyin Hamas kan tabarbarewar yanayin rayuwarsu,...Muna fatan gwamnatin Hamas za ta fara bibiyar masu kisan gilla da kuma ci gaba da bude wuta a kan titinan Gaza da kuma kama duk wani mai kisan gilla da kuma ci gaba da bude wuta a kan titin St. dukkan al’amuran da suka shafi almundahana da kudade”. Wasu ‘yan bindiga da suka rufe fuskokinsu sun kai hari a ofisoshin Donia al Watan kuma an yi barazanar kisa ga Issa da ma’aikatansa.

The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades has been blamed for a number of attacks on journalists in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Arab television station Al-Arabiya's West Bank offices.

A watan Satumban shekarar 2001, Tanzim na Yasser Arafat ya yi garkuwa da wani mai daukar hoto na Bafalasdine wanda ya dauki fim din da ke nuna 'yan kasar Falasdinu da 'yan sanda a Ramallah na murnar ranar 9/11/2001 bayan harin da aka kai a Amurka, ya kuma yi barazanar kashe mai daukar hoton idan aka nuna fim din a iska.

A cikin watan Satumban shekara ta 2006, an yi wa wani ɗan jarida mummunan duka tare da lalata kayan aikin kwamfuta da ke ofishin kamfanin dillancin labarai na hukumar Falasɗinawa ta Wafa. An fesa rubutu a bango yana zargin hukumar da rashin sanin makamar aiki. Jami'an Fatah sun lura cewa ministan harkokin wajen PA Mahmoud Zahar ya zargi hukumar "da gudanar da wani gangami na tunzura shi da wata manufa ta siyasa" tare da zargin Hamas da kai harin. Gwamnan Khan Yunis, Osama al-Farra, ya yi Allah wadai da harin, yana mai cewa, "yana nuna yadda ake ci gaba da zaman dar-dar da rashin bin doka da oda a yankunan da PA ke karkashin ikonta".

Rikicin Fatah-Hamas ya kara takaita 'yancin 'yan jarida a yankunan PNA da kuma rarraba muryoyin adawa a Gaza da Hamas ke iko da gabar yammacin kogin Jordan inda Fatah ke da rinjaye. A cikin watan Yulin 2010, tare da sassauta shingen da aka yi wa Zirin Gaza, Isra'ila ta ba da damar rarraba jaridun al-Quds, al Ayyam da al-Hayat al-Jadida masu goyon bayan Fatah zuwa Gaza, amma kungiyar Hamas ta hana masu rarraba Gaza kwashe kayan. Cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Falasdinu (PCHR) ta yi Allah wadai da takunkumin da kungiyar Hamas ta yi na rarraba jaridun yammacin kogin Jordan a zirin Gaza, sannan ta kuma yi Allah wadai da gwamnatin Fatah a yammacin kogin Jordan na takaita bugawa da rarraba jaridun Gazan al-Resala da Falastin.

A watan Oktoban shekarar 2012, kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Falasdinu ta bukaci a sako 'yan jaridan Palasdinawa da hukumar Palasdinawa ta kama a yammacin gabar kogin Jordan, inda ta yi gargadin cewa 'yancin 'yan jarida ya tabarbare sosai, kuma hukumar Falasdinu ta kama wasu 'yan jarida biyar na Falasdinu a watan Satumban 2012. Walid Khaled, dan jarida na jaridar Falastine, ya fara yajin cin abinci a watan Satumba ma. Wani alkalin Falasdinawa ya ba da umarnin a sake shi, amma hukumar Falasdinawa ta yi biris da hakan. Hukumar Falasdinawa dai ta kame wadannan 'yan jarida ne bisa zargin cewa suna da alaka da kungiyar Hamas, wadda ke da iko da zirin Gaza.

A watan Mayun 2015, an ba da rahoton cewa jami'an 'yan sanda da dama sun ci zarafin dan jaridan Al-Jazeera, Muhammed Fayyad, a lokacin da yake bayar da rahoto kan ziyarar da ministar Turkiyya ta kai a ma'aikatar ba da kyauta ta Gaza. Fayyad, wanda ya ce "wani dan sanda ya buge shi a kai" yayin da aka fitar da shi daga ginin, daga baya aka kama shi. Ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gidan Gaza ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta zargi "wasu 'yan jarida" da "hargitsi da hargitsi da suka bata sunan jama'armu tare da kunyata wadanda ke da alhakin ajandar ziyarar," kuma ta yi ikirarin cewa an saki Fayyad har sai an ci gaba da bincike.

'Yanci na tarayya

A cikin 2000 Palasdinawa Dokar Aiki ta Palasdinawa ta farko. Koyaya, a cewar Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Demokradiyya da Ma'aikata (DWRC) daftarin karshe ba shi da hakora; a ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, yana aiki tare da masana shari'a na Hukumar Falasdinawa, DWRC ya sami nasarar samun amincewar Majalisar Dokokin Falasdinawa na madadin Dokar Ma'aikata ta Falasdinawa.

Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci ta Falasɗinawa (PGFTU), wadda ke da'awar wakiltar dukan ma'aikatan Falasdinawa, an shigar da ita cikin PA a farkon farawa. Masu fafutuka masu zaman kansu sun ce PGFTU ba ta da tsarin dimokuradiyya na cikin gida da gaskiya, kuma Fateh ce ke mamaye ta (dukkan manyan sakatarorinta da galibin shugabannin sassanta sun fito ne daga Fateh). A cikin wata sanarwar manema labarai na 2007 da kungiyar bayar da shawarwari, DWRC ta lura cewa ba a gudanar da zabukan cikin gida ba tun 1981. Wadannan sukar sun sami goyon baya daga malaman Joost Hiltermann, Nina Sovich da Sos Nissen, wadanda ke jayayya cewa PGFTU ta daɗe tana mamaye bangarorin siyasa kuma ta kasa samar da wakilci mai inganci ga ma'aikata.

A cewar kungiyar ta PGFTU, a watan Yunin 2007 Hamas ta kwace hedikwatarsu tare da umurci ma’aikatan PGFTU da su tattauna yadda za su yi aiki karkashin mulkin Hamas. A cewar babban sakataren kungiyar ta PGFTU, kin amincewar PGFTU na yin shawarwari ya sa Hamas ta yi yunkurin kashe Rasem Al Bayari, mataimakin babban sakataren kungiyar har sau uku bayan haka. A cewar Al-Jazeera, "Saed, wanda ake dangantawa da Fatah, ya ce dakarun Hamas sun kwace wasu ofisoshin biyu - a Gaza da Khan Younis - suna kwashe yawancin kadarorin da ke ciki."

A shekara ta 2007, lokacin da DWRC ta shirya Tarayyar Kwadago Masu Zaman Kansu da Kwadago da Kwamitin Ma'aikata a Falasdinu da ke wakiltar ma'aikata 50,000 a waje da PGFTU, PGFTU ta mayar da martani ta hanyar sanar da shugaban Gaza na DWRC da hadin gwiwar ƙungiyar kwadago masu zaman kansu ga tsaron cikin gida na Falasdinu, suna da alaƙa da Hamas.

'Yanci na addini

Wurare masu tsarki na Yahudawa da na Kirista da dama na ci gaba da zama a yankunan da Hukumar Falasdinawa ke iko da su. A karkashin yarjejeniyar Oslo, Palasdinawa da Isra'ila sun amince da mutuntawa da kare hakkokin Yahudawa, Kiristanci, Musulmi, da Samariyawa ta hanyar a) kare wurare masu tsarki, 2) ba da damar shiga wurare masu tsarki kyauta, da tabbatar da 'yancin yin ibada da aiki. a. Kare Wuri Mai Tsarki; b. Samun damar zuwa Wuri Mai Tsarki kyauta; kuma c. 'Yancin ibada da aiki. PA, duk da haka, a wasu lokuta ta kasa girmama waɗannan alkawurran (duba sassan ƙasa).

Wani shugaban Kirista ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai "ra'ayoyi masu yawa" game da cin zarafi da tsanantawa a yankunan da PA ke gudanarwa. An bayar da rahoton tashin hankali na Kirista a Ramallah da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da shi, da kuma a garuruwa a Yankin Gaza. Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam na Kiristoci a yankunan da PA ke gudanarwa.

A watan Afrilun 2006, manyan kungiyoyin musulmi, masallatai na cikin gida, Mufti na birnin da shugabannin kananan hukumomi a garin Qalqiliya na Yammacin Kogin Jordan, sun bukaci ministan cikin gida na Hukumar Falasdinu, ya rufe kungiyar Kiristocin matasa maza da ke gudanar da aiki a garin tun shekara ta 2000, saboda ayyukan mishan. Manajan YMCA ya musanta haka: "Ba abin da muke yi ba ne. Babu wani aikin mishan a nan ko kadan. YMCA tana cikin birni don hidimar jama'a tare da taimakon kudi, ayyukan wasanni da kuma shirye-shiryen ilimi na gabaɗaya," tare da nuni ga ayyukan kungiyar na Musulmai da yawa, da kafa shirye-shirye na al'umma ciki har da samar da kudade mafi yawan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na musulmi da suka yi gasa a wasannin kasa. Jagoran musulmin garin ya fitar da wata takardar koke inda ya bukaci kungiyar ta rufe reshen Qalqiliya ko kuma ta fuskanci tashin hankali wanda ya kasance kamar haka: “Mu masu wa’azin masallatai da wakilan manyan iyalai na Qalqiliya muna rokon ku da ku rufe ofisoshin YMCA saboda al’ummar Qalqiliya ba sa bukatar irin wadannan ofisoshin, musamman ganin cewa babu kiristoci da yawa a cikin garinmu...” Ta yi gargadin cewa, “Aikin wadannan cibiyoyi na YMCA da suka hada da yunkurin musulunta a garinmu, zai kawo tashin hankali da tashin hankali. Kwanaki uku kafin gabatar da wannan fatawa, limamai da dama sun yi magana kan lamarin a lokacin sallar Juma'a; Washegari aka jefa Molotov cocktails a Qalqiliya's YMCA. A cikin Satumba 2006, YMCA ta sami "sanarwa ta ƙarshe" daga shugabannin gida. A ranar 11 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2006 wasu mahara da 'yan karamar hukumar suka bayyana cewa 'yan kungiyar Hamas ne da Islamic Jihad da jami'an tsaron yankin suka san su da kona ginin kungiyar.

Shafukan Kirista

A cikin shekara ta 2007 an kai hari da dama daga yankunan yammaci da na Kirista a Yammacin Kogin Jordan da Gaza. Membobin ƙungiyoyin gida da ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci sun tarwatsa tare da lalata cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da al'adun Yammacin Turai kamar makarantun Amurka, dakunan karatu na coci da yawa na gidajen shakatawa na Intanet. Kafofin watsa labarai sun yi watsi da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru.

A cewar rahoton shekara-shekara na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka game da 'Yancin Addini, 2000, "akwai rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci cewa an tursasa wasu Kiristocin da suka tuba daga Musulunci da suka yada addininsu. Masu tuba sun yi korafin cewa an wulakanta su da kuma yi musu barazana. Daftarin Dokar Falasdinu ta musamman ta haramta wariya ga mutane bisa addininsu; duk da haka, PA ba ta dauki wani mataki ba.

Bayan wata ziyara da ta kai a yankunan da ake gudanar da mulkin Falasdinu, Sanata Connie Mack a zauren majalisar dattawan Amurka ta ba da labarin wani Kirista da ya musulunta da aka tuhume shi da laifin sayar da fili ga Yahudawa, da kama, da duka da kuma azabtar da shi, da kuma tsare shi na tsawon watanni takwas ba tare da shari’a ba. Duk da cewa an sake shi bayan danginsa sun karbo bashin dubban daloli don cin hanci, mahaifinsa ya ci gaba da tsare shi, ya yi amanna a matsayin inshorar shirunsa kan lamarin.

Shafukan Yahudawa

Kabarin Joseph da ke Nablus wuri ne da aka yi artabu tsakanin Yahudawa da Falasdinawa. Sojojin Isra'ila sun amince da janyewa daga wurin tare da mika iko ga 'yan sandan Falasdinu, wadanda suka amince su kare wurin. Maimakon haka, sun tsaya a wurin sa’ad da ’yan iska suka abka wurin kuma suka kona littattafai masu tsarki.

Bugu da ƙari, fitattun membobin PA sun musanta cewa akwai wata alaƙa ta tarihi ta Yahudawa da yawancin wuraren tsattsarkan Yahudawa, kuma Ministocin PA sun sanya irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin sakin labaransu:

Yasser Arafat:

• "Wannan ba Wall na Yamma ba ne kwata-kwata, amma masallacin Musulmi ne". - Yasser Arafat .
• "Ibrahim ba Bayahude ba ne ko Ibrananci, amma ɗan Iraki ne kawai. Yahudawa ba su da ikon da'awar wani ɓangare na Kabarin Babbar Ikklisiya a Hebron, wurin hutawa na Ibrahim, a matsayin majami'a. Maimakon haka, duk ginin ya kamata ya zama masallaci. "

• "Babu dutse na Al-Buraq [Yamma] Wall da ke da alaƙa da addinin Yahudanci. Yahudawa sun fara yin addu'a a wannan bango ne kawai a karni na 19, lokacin da suka fara bunkasa burin [na kasa]. "

Sanarwar Labaran Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta PA:

• "Kwayoyin tarihi na birnin Kudus na da banbance-banbance - binciken da aka yi a tsohon birnin da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi ya bayyana fadojin Umayyawa na Musulunci, rugujewar Rumawa, rugujewar Armeniya da sauransu, amma ba wani yahudawa ba. Ban da abin da aka ambata a cikin Tsohon Alkawari da Sabon Alkawari, babu wata hujja ta zahiri da ta nuna alamun Yahudawa a tsohon birnin Kudus da kuma kusa da shi.

Al-Hayat Al-Jadeeda, jaridar PA:

• "Ku kasance a faɗake kuma ku ɗauki Kabarin Yusufu da Kabarin Rahila a matsayin wani yanki na ƙasar Falasdinu da dole ne a 'yantar da su, kuma ku ɗauki Yusufu da Rahila a matsayin mutane biyu da suka mutu, kamar kowa."

'Yanci na tsayayya

Hakkin da Falasdinawa suke da shi na yin tirjiya, lamarin ne mai muhimmanci da ya samo asali daga matsalolin da ake ci gaba da yi tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinu, musamman fim da mamayar da Isra'ila ke yi wa 'ya'yan Falasdinawa. A karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa, 'yancin yin tsayin daka ya kebanta hanyar cin damar farin hula.

Hakkin ilimi

Bisa kididdigar ministocin da aka tattara a watan Satumba na 2005, akwai makarantu 2267 a fannin ilimi na gaba ɗaya, azuzuwan 31,001, ɗalibai 1078488, da malamai 48674 a yankunan Falasɗinawa. Kashi 24% na makarantun UNRWA ne, kashi 70% na gwamnati ne, kuma kashi 6% masu zaman kansu ne. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a watan Mayun 2005 ya nuna cewa akwai dalibai 138,139 da suka yi rajista a manyan makarantu. Tsakanin wadannan dalibai, 9002 (6.5%) suna kwalejojin al'umma, 6034 (4.4%) a kwalejojin jami'a, 46453 (33.6%) a Jami'ar budewa ta Al-Quds, da 76650 (55.5%) a jami'o'in gargajiya.

Yunkurin da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Hamas ke gudanarwa na sanya manufofin Islama a kan tsarin ilimi ya shafi Falasdinawa da yawa da masu sa ido na waje. A cikin Maris na 2007, Ma'aikatar ta fitar da tarihin tatsuniyoyi na tatsuniyoyi da matan Falasdinawa suka ruwaito daga cikin manhajar karatu, ta cire littafin daga dakunan karatu, kuma an ce ta lalata kwafi 1,500. Sharif Kanaana mawallafin marubuci kuma malami a jami’ar Birzeit ta Ramallah da kuma Ibrahim Muhawi, malamin adabin Larabci da ka’idar fassara ne suka shirya littafin. Ministan Ilimi Nasser Shaer ya ce littafin yana cike da bayyanannun kalaman jima'i. Wani labari mai suna, "Ƙananan Tsuntsu," ya ambaci al'amuran sirri, kuma a cikin bayanan marubutan sun ce, "tsuntsun da ke cikin labarin alama ce ta mace kuma batun jima'i shine babban tushen ban dariya a tarihin Falasdinawa".

Matsayin mata

Mata suna da cikakken zaɓe a cikin PA. A zabukan 2006, mata ne ke da kashi 47% na wadanda suka yi rajista. Kafin zaben dai an yi wa dokar zabe kwaskwarima domin gabatar da kason mata a jerin jam’iyyu na kasa, lamarin da ya sa kashi 22 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar da ke cikin jerin sunayen ‘yan takarar su ne mata. An kwatanta tasirin wannan kason idan aka kwatanta da zaben gundumomi, inda ba a samu kaso ba, kuma 15 daga cikin 414 ‘yan takara ne kawai mata.

Dokar Ma'aikata ta Falasdinu ta 2000 ta haramta wariyar jinsi tsakanin maza da mata a wurin aiki, kuma ta ba da izinin hutu na mako 12 na haihuwa.

Hamas ta fara aiwatar da wasu ka'idojin Musulunci na tufafi ga mata a Gaza, inda mata dole ne su sa hijabi don shiga gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati. A watan Yulin 2010, Hamas ta haramta shan taba da mata a fili. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa don rage yawan saki.

Kashe-kashen girmamawa matsala ce a cikin PA; gwamnatin Hamas ba ta motsa don dakatar da waɗannan kashe-kashen ba kuma tana iya kafa kayan aikin da ke shiga cikinsu. Dangane da Rahoton Shekara na 2005 na Kungiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Falasdinawa, mata 11 na Falasdinawa sun mutu sakamakon kisan gilla a shekara ta 2005. Rahoton Human Rights Watch na Nuwamba 2006, Tambaya game da Rikicin Tsaro ga Mata da 'Yan Mata na Palasdinawa, ya lura cewa, "yawan adadin mata da 'yan mata a cikin yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye (OPT) sun kasance wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali da 'yan uwa da abokan tarayya suka yi. yana kara ta'azzara yayin da magungunan da ake samu ga wadanda abin ya shafa ke kara lalacewa. Hakika, akwai wasu shaidu suna kara lalacewa.

Laifukan da ake yi wa mata sun tsananta a shekarar 2007. Laifukan da ake yi wa mata ya zama ruwan dare a zirin Gaza. Mata da aka kashe saboda "girmama iyali" ba safai ake ba da rahoto. Yawancin matan da aka kashe, danginsu ne suke binne su a asirce, kuma ba a sanar da mutuwarsu ga wata hukuma ba. Kafofin yada labaran Falasdinu su ma sun kaurace wa bayar da rahoto a kan hakan, saboda "girmama dangi."

Jami’an Isra’ila sun ce kungiyar Hamas a zirin Gaza ta kafa kotunan Islama masu tsaurin ra’ayi tare da kafa kungiyar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta Hamas, wacce aka bayyana a matsayin wani nau’in ‘yan sandan da’a da ke aiki a cikin kungiyar Hamas. Hamas dai ta musanta wanzuwar kungiyar da ke yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, sai dai a baya-bayan nan an ruwaito cewa ta yi wani gagarumin kisan gilla da kafafen yada labaran Falasdinu ke yadawa.

A cikin 2013, UNRWA ta soke tseren shekara-shekara a Gaza bayan da sarakunan Hamas suka hana mata shiga cikin tseren.

Matsayi na luwadi

Ana yawan kamawa da azabtar da Falasdinawa 'yan luwadi. A cewar Shaul Ganon na kungiyar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi da ke Isra'ila, Aguda, "Uzurin da PA ta saba yi na cin zarafin 'yan luwadi shi ne ta sanya musu sunayen abokan aiki - ko da yake na san shari'o'i biyu a cikin shekaru ukun da suka wuce inda aka yi wa mutane shari'a a fili don kasancewa 'yan luwadi . 

Wani bangare na matsalar shi ne cewa jami'an tsaro na Isra'ila suna tilasta wa 'yan Palasdinawa masu luwadi yin aiki a matsayin masu ba da labari.

Dokar tilasta aiki

Dangane da rahoton shekara-shekara na kungiyar sa ido kan hakkin bil adama ta Falasdinu a shekara ta 2005, an sami rahoton mutuwar Falasdinawa 385. Daga cikin wadannan Falasdinawa 222 Isra’ilawa ne suka kashe, Falasdinawa 113 Falasdinawa ne suka kashe, sannan Falasdinawa 50 aka kashe a wani yanayi da ba a tabbatar ba. Falasdinawa 9 ne Isra'ilawa 'yan kawanya suka kashe. A wannan shekarar, Falasdinawa sun kashe Isra’ilawa 51; 42 fararen hula ne, 9 kuma sojoji ne. Falasdinawa sun kashe Falasdinawa 10 da ake zargi da kasancewa masu hadin gwiwar Isra’ila a shekara ta 2005.

Rahoton Ƙungiyar Larabawa don 'Yancin Dan Adam

A cikin watan Disambar 2012, Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Larabawa (AOHR) ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke zargin Hukumar Falasdinawa (PA) da "cin zarafin bil'adama da take hakkin dan Adam" kan fararen hula Falasdinu. Hukumar ta AOHR ta yi zargin cewa daga 2007 zuwa 2011, PA ta tsare Falasdinawa 13,271, tare da azabtar da kashi 96% daga cikinsu, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane shida. Rahoton ya yi ikirarin cewa jami'an tsaro na PA sun kai samame a jami'o'i, asibitoci da gidaje domin kame mutanen da ake nema saboda zanga-zangar adawa da mamayar Isra'ila. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa jami'an PA sun kwace kayan aiki da kudade na sirri bayan kama wadanda ake zargin.

Yanayi ga fursunoni

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International l ta wallafa rahotanni da dama da ke nuna yadda hukumar Falasdinu ta kama tare da tsare fararen hula ba tare da tuhuma ba. A cikin shekara guda aƙalla irin waɗannan tsare-tsare 400 ne aka ba da rahoton, musamman na masu adawa da siyasa ga Hukumar Falasɗinu. A cikin wannan shekara guda ɗaya Amnesty International ta gano: "An ci gaba da azabtarwa [da Hukumar Falasdinu ta yi] ga fursunoni. Fursunoni bakwai sun mutu a gidan yari. Ana ci gaba da ba da rahoton kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba, ciki har da yiwuwar aiwatar da hukuncin kisa."

Hukuncin kisa

Hukuncin kisa doka ce a karkashin Hukumar Falasdinawa (PA). PA da ke Ramallah ta aiwatar da kisan gillar 5 a shekara ta 2005. Har ila yau akwai 3 a cikin 2002, daya a cikin 2001 kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001.

Dokokin ƙasar Palasdinawa

A karkashin gwamnatin Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Falasdinawa, sayar da ƙasa ga Yahudawa laifi ne wanda za'a iya hukunta shi da mutuwa. Amma ba a taɓa yin rikodin kisa ba saboda wannan laifi.

Bayyana farar hula ga aikin soja

Sojojin IDF suna sintiri a Hebron

In November 2006, 50 Palestinian women responded to a Hamas radio appeal to act as human shields between Israeli soldiers and Palestinian gunmen hiding in a Gaza mosque. Women acted as a cover against Israeli troops allowing armed men occupying the Mosque to escape. 2 of these women were killed by Israeli forces. In two further instances in November 2006, civilians were called to protect sites known to be targeted for attack by the IDF, in one instance by the owner of the targeted home, Mohammedweil Baroud, a commander in the Popular Resistance Committee and by calls broadcast from local Mosques. The Human Rights Watch has condemned this behavior saying, "There is no excuse for calling civilians to the scene of a planned attack … Whether or not the home is a legitimate military target, knowingly asking civilians to stand in harm's way is unlawful".

Hakam Balawi ya bayyana cewa, "... An haramta harba rokoki da harba makamai daga gidaje, kuma hakan babbar maslaha ce ta Falasdinu da bai kamata a tauye ta ba, domin sakamakon hakan shi ne ramuwar gayya ta sojojin mamaya da 'yan kasar ba za su iya amincewa da irin wannan harbin ba. Wadanda ke yin ta wata kungiya ce da ba ta wakiltar al'umma da al'umma, suna yin ta ba tare da tunanin maslahar Palasdinawa da ra'ayin jama'a a duniya ba, babu wata manufa ta Falasdinu da ra'ayin al'umma. ya fi muhimmanci A gefe guda kuma, a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2008 'yar majalisar Hamas Fathi Hammad ta yi magana game da al'adun "neman mutuwa" inda mata, yara da tsofaffi suka ba da kansu a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam daga hare-haren sojojin Isra'ila. Memri ya nakalto Hammad a wani jawabi da ya yi a gidan talabijin na Al-Aqsa na Hamas cewa: "[Makiya Allah] ba su san cewa al'ummar Palastinu sun ɓullo da [hanyoyinsu] na mutuwa da neman mutuwa ba. Hammad ya ci gaba da cewa, "A wajen al'ummar Palastinu, mutuwa ta zama masana'anta, wanda mata suka yi fice, haka ma dukkan mutanen da ke rayuwa a wannan kasa. Tsofaffi sun yi fice a kan haka, haka nan ma mujahidan da yara." "Don haka ne suka kafa garkuwar mutane na mata, yara, tsofaffi, da mujahidai, domin kalubalantar na'urar tayar da bama-bamai ta sahyoniyawan, kamar dai suna cewa makiya yahudawan sahyoniya: Mu muna burin mutuwa kamar yadda kuke sha'awar rayuwa," in ji shi. Wadanda ke zaune kusa da wurin harbi sun yi adawa da harbi na Qassam a cikin Isra'ila saboda martani na sojojin Isra'ila. A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004, wani iyali ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana Brigades na Al-Aqsa daga kafa mai jefa Rockets na Qassam a waje da gidansu. Membobin brigade sun harbe wani memba na iyali, wani yaro Larabawa, kuma sun ji wa wasu rauni.