'Yancin Dan Adam a Liechtenstein
 'Yancin Dan Adam a Liechtenstein | ||||
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human rights by country or territory (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Liechtenstein | |||
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Liechtenstein, sarautar tsarin mulkin jam'iyyu da yawa tare da majalisar dokoki marasa rinjaye da kuma gwamnatin da yarima mai jiran gado ya zaba bisa jagorancinta, ana daukarta a matsayin kasa mai wadata da 'yanci wacce kuma galibi ake ganin tana da kyakkyawan tsarin kare hakkin bil'adama.
'Yancin asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mataki na 31 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Liechtenstein ya ba da tabbacin daidaito ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa. Zaben yana da 'yanci kuma yana da adalci. Ana ba da izinin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam don bincika yanayin Liechtenstein.[1] Kasar ta amince da 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, kodayake za a iya azabtar da cin zarafin jama'a da aka yi wa kowane launin fata ko kabilanci har zuwa shekaru biyu a kurkuku. Babu takunkumin Intanet. Mutanen Liechtenstein suna jin daɗin 'yancin ilimi,' yancin addini,' yanci na motsi a cikin ƙasar, da kuma' yancin yin tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje, yin ƙaura, da dawowa.[1] Hakkin taron kyauta da haɗin kai kyauta an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Mataki na 41 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki da kuma Mataki na 11 na ECHR. "Duk abubuwan da suka faru na jama'a, wadanda ba na addini ba da ke buƙatar matakan hukuma musamman matakan tsaro suna buƙatar amincewa a Liechtenstein, "a cewar rahoton gwamnati. "Abubuwan siyasa da na ilimi musamman ba su da izini. Ga zanga-zangar (ƙananan) da suka faru a Liechtenstein, an ba da amincewa koyaushe. "[2]
A cewar wani rahoto na 2003 na gwamnatin Liechtenstein, duk wanda ke cikin ƙasar "wanda ya yi imanin cewa an keta haƙƙoƙinsa na asali da yancinsa yana da hakkin ya nemi kotu ko kuma ya shigar da ƙara game da lamarin. Taimako na iya ɗaukar fom, inter alia, na odar keɓe wani hukunci na gudanarwa ko gwamnati, ko kuma umarnin biyan diyya, ko tsarin mulki ba zai yi aiki ba. (Staatsgerichtshof) na Liechtenstein don yin hukunci a kan tsarin mulki na dokokin da ake da su, kuma, idan ya cancanta, don ba da dokoki ko farillai, ko sassanta, za a iya shigar da ƙara, a takamaiman lokuta, tare da Kotun Turai ta Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Strasbourg, Liechtenstein, ta amince da, a ranar 8 ga Satumba 1982, ga Yarjejeniyar Kariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Turai. 1950. Irin waɗannan roko suna ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa duk hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na cikin gida a cikin Liechtenstein sun ƙare.
Hakkin da ya shafi mafaka, matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, da kuma zama ɗan ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokokin Liechtenstein sun ba da izinin ba da mafaka ko matsayin ɗan gudun hijira, kodayake babu ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen neman mafaka 88 da aka gabatar tsakanin Janairu da Satumba 2010 da ya yi nasara. Rahotonni biyu na 2010 na Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa da UNHCR sun ce bukatun da masu neman mafaka "a karkashin korar kariya" suka nemi sauraron karar cikin sa'o'i 24 ya yi tsayi da yawa.[1] Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2012 da wani kwamiti na Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan ‘Yancin Bil Adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi ya nemi gwamnatin “ta yi la’akari da yin gyara ga dokar mafaka don samar da sauƙaƙan ba da ‘yan gudun hijira da marasa jiha.” Rahoton guda ya ba da shawarar cewa Liechtenstein ya kuma "yi la'akari da gyara Dokar Kan Sauƙaƙe Halitta tare da ra'ayi don rage lokacin da ake buƙata don samun zama ɗan ƙasa da la'akari da gabatar da 'yancin ɗaukaka da bitar shari'a a ƙarƙashin tsarin ba da izinin zama na yau da kullum wanda ya shafi kuri'un jama'a na birni".[3]
Nuna bambancin launin fata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga launin fata ko kabilanci. Dangane da tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta 1965 a kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata, Liechtenstein ta karfafa tanadi a cikin ka'idodinta na doka da ta shafi nuna bambanci. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama sun kai hari ga baƙi, galibi Turks, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Shugaban ƙungiyar skinheads waɗanda suka yi barazana kuma suka ji wa mai kasuwancin Turkiyya rauni a cikin 2009 an ci tarar 1000 Swiss francs. An yanke wa wani mai ƙonewa wanda ya kai hari kan shagon kebab a shekara ta 2010 hukuncin shekaru biyu da rabi a kurkuku.[1] Wani rahoto na UNESCO na 2006 ya nuna damuwa game da ci gaba a Liechtenstein na "xenophobia da rashin haƙuri ga mutanen da suka fito daga kabilanci ko addini daban-daban, musamman ga Musulmai da mutanen asalin Turkiyya".[4]
Hakkin mata da zubar da ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gabatar da zaben mata a Liechtenstein a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1984. Kasar ita ce ta karshe a Turai da ta gabatar da wannan hakki.
Tun daga Janairu 1996, Liechtenstein ta kasance mai rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar 1979 kan kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata. Wariya kan jinsi haramun ne. Fyade, tashin hankalin gida, da kuma cin zarafi laifuka ne. Gwamnati na bayar da tallafi da dama ga wadanda rikicin cikin gida ya rutsa da su, kuma Frauenhaus, wata matsugunin mata, tana ba da matsuguni da nasiha ga mata da yara. Ofishin Samar da Dama Daidai da Hukumar Daidaita Tsakanin Mata da Maza suna aiki don tabbatar da daidaiton yancin.[1] Wani rahoto na 2012 na wani kwamiti na Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nemi Liechtenstein da ya tabbatar da cewa mata 'yan ci-rani da sauran mata a cikin mawuyacin hali, ciki har da wadanda aka yi wa fataucinsu, tashin hankalin gida ko kuma wadanda aka sake su, sun sami damar rike matsayinsu na zama da yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma ba za su fuskanci wariya sau biyu ba. "[3]
Zubar da ciki a Liechtenstein haramtacce ne a yawancin yanayi. Likitocin kiwon lafiya, matar, ko duk wani mutum da ke da hannu wajen zubar da ciki za a iya tara shi da dauri.[5]
Hakkin iyali da na yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaro da iyaye daya wanda shi ne ɗan ƙasa na Liechtenstein ya zama ɗan ƙasa ta atomatik, kamar yadda yara da aka haifa a ƙasar suke yi waɗanda in ba haka ba za su kasance marasa ƙasa ba. Ana iya hukunta fyade ta hanyar doka da shekaru 1-10; shekarun yarda shine 14. Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda uku da ke kula da haƙƙin yara suna jin daɗin tallafin kuɗi na gwamnati; Ofishin Ayyukan Jama'a yana kula da shirye-shiryen gwamnati ga yara.[1] An nada mai kula da yara na farko a Liechtenstein a shekara ta 2009, kuma wani rahoto daga kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara ya ba da shawarar cewa masarautar ta tabbatar da cewa ofishin yana da' yanci kuma yana da isasshen ma'aikata da kuma yana da kudade.[3]
Ko da yake sake fasalin dokar iyali na Liechtenstein na 1992/1993 ya kawo ƙarshen bambance-bambancen kula da yaran da aka haifa ba tare da aure ba, har yanzu ana ba da kulawa ga irin waɗannan yaran ga uwa kawai. Tabbas, iyaye za su iya neman haɗin gwiwa don kulawa tare, wanda za a iya ba da shi idan suna zaune tare da yaron kuma idan hukumomi sun yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki.
Hakkin LGBT
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani bincike na hukuma na 2007 ya ba da shaida na nuna wariya ga masu luwadi. An yi fesa fastoci a cikin 2009 da Ofishin Damar Daidaita Daidaita don hana halayen luwadi da luwadi. Ba a kama su ba.[1]
A shekara ta 2011, majalisar dokokin Liechtenstein baki daya ta amince da wata doka da ke ba da izinin yin rajista ga ma'auratan, kuma a kuri'ar raba gardama da aka gudanar a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, masu jefa kuri'a na Liechtenstein sun amince da sabuwar dokar, inda kashi 68.8 suka goyi bayanta.[6]
An zartar da dokar halatta auren jinsi a Liechtenstein a cikin 2024, kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2025.
Hakkin aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk ma'aikata suna da 'yancin yin aiki da yin ciniki tare. Kungiyar kwadago guda daya ta Liechtenstein tana wakiltar kusan kashi 3 cikin 100 na ma'aikata; yarjejeniyar sulhu ta hadin gwiwa ta rufe kusan kashi 25. Yara sama da shekaru 14 da suka bar makaranta na iya aiki a kan iyakantaccen tushe; waɗanda har yanzu suna makaranta na iya yin aiki ba fiye da sa'o'i tara a mako suna yin ayyuka masu sauƙi ba. Babu mafi karancin albashi da aka kafa a hukumance, kodayake Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Liechtenstein, Kamfanin Kasuwanci, da Kamfanin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki sun kafa mafi karancin albashin da aka yi a tattaunawar shekara-shekara. Matsakaicin mako na aiki shine awanni 45 ga ma'aikatan farar fata da awanni 48 ga wasu. Yin aiki a ranar Lahadi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, tare da 'yan kaɗan. Ma'aikatan da ke zaune a Switzerland da Austria suna ƙarƙashin waɗannan dokoki.[1]
Hakkin da ya shafi kamawa, shari'a, da hukunci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kotun kasa ce ta bayar da sammacin kamawa. A cikin sa'o'i 48 da kama wanda ake zargi, dole ne 'yan sanda su gabatar da mutumin a gaban alkali wanda ko dai ya shigar da kara a gaban kotu ko kuma ya ba da umarnin a saki fursunonin. Wadanda ake tuhuma suna da hakkin bayar da shawara, kuma wadanda ba za su iya biyan lauya ba, ana ba su daya a kudin gwamnati.
Liechtenstein yana ba da tabbacin haƙƙin yin shari'a ta gaskiya ta alƙali ɗaya, kwamitin alkalai, ko alkalai, ya danganta da girman shari'ar.
Yanayin da ke cikin kurkukun Liechtenstein ya cika ka'idojin kasa da kasa. A karkashin yarjejeniyar 1982, ana daure wadanda aka yanke musu hukuncin sama da shekaru biyu a kurkuku a Austria. Yanayin kurkuku ana sa ido kan su ta hanyar mai zaman kanta, Hukumar Gyara, wanda ke yin akalla ziyarar kurkuku guda daya ba tare da sanar da ita ba a kowane kwata, lokacin da yake magana da fursunoni a gaban jami'an kurkuku. Kamawa da tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.[1]
A karkashin dokar kotunan yara, ana tsare masu laifin yara daban da manya. Wannan kuma an haramta shi ta Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Yara, wanda Liechtenstein ya sa hannu.
An soke hukuncin kisa a Liechtenstein a shekarar 1989.
Ofishin Daidaitaccen Dama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ofishin Dama Dama yana kula da aiwatar da yancin ɗan adam a Liechtenstein. Lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 1996, an mayar da hankali kan daidaiton jima'i; yanzu kuma yana da sa ido kan batutuwa kamar " ƙaura da haɗin gwiwar baƙi, nakasassu, wariyar launin fata da yanayin jima'i." Aikinsa ya hada da "ba da shawarwari da ba da shawarwari ga hukumomi da masu zaman kansu, gudanar da bincike, shiga cikin ci gaba da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kasa da suka dace da aikinta, da aiwatar da ayyukan da za su ci gaba da manufofinta." Amnesty International ta nuna damuwa game da karancin albarkatun OEO. Asalin ma’aikata biyu na cikakken lokaci da kuma ƙwararru, yanzu yana da ma’aikaci na cikakken lokaci guda ɗaya.[7]
Amnesty International ta farko Universal Periodic Review of Liechtenstein a cikin 2008 ta yi kira ga kafa "ma'aikatar mai ba da shawara da kuma ma'aikatun kare hakkin dan adam ta ƙasa daidai da Ka'idodin Paris," kuma rahoton Amnesty International na 2012 ya yi nadamar gazawar Liechtenstein na bin wannan shawarar kuma ya nuna damuwa "cewa madadin hanyoyin da suka riga sun kasance, gami da Ofishin Daidaitaccen Dama da Mai ba su cika cikakkun ka'idojin Paris ba kuma ba hukumomin da suka dace ba ne don la'akari da shari'akari da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam".[7]
Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2012 na wani kwamiti na Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan ‘Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa a maye gurbin Ofishin Samar da Dama da sauran hukumomin gwamnati da ke mulki da “cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam guda daya mai zaman kanta mai cikakken iko".[3]
Kasancewa cikin yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Babban Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya | Kasancewar Liechtenstein | Babban yarjejeniyar CoE[8] | Kasancewar Liechtenstein |
| Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata | memba tun daga shekara ta 2000 | Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam | memba tun 1982 |
| Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa | memba tun 1998 | Yarjejeniya 1 (ECHR) | memba tun 1995 |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Farko (ICCPR) | memba tun 1998 | Yarjejeniya ta 4 (ECHR) | memba tun shekara ta 2005 |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu (ICCPR) | memba tun 1998 | Yarjejeniya ta 6 (ECHR) | memba tun daga 1990 |
| Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu | memba tun 1998 | Yarjejeniya ta 7 (ECHR) | memba tun shekara ta 2005 |
| Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci ga mata | memba tun 1995 | Yarjejeniya ta 12 (ECHR) | An sanya hannu a cikin 2000 |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka (CEDAW) | memba tun shekara ta 2001 | Yarjejeniya ta 13 (ECHR) | memba tun shekara ta 2003 |
| Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa | memba tun daga 1990 | Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai | An sanya hannu a cikin 1991 |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka (CAT) | memba tun 2006 | Ƙarin Yarjejeniyar 1988 (ESC) | Ba a sanya hannu ba |
| Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara | memba tun 1995 | Ƙarin Yarjejeniyar 1995 (ESC) | Ba a sanya hannu ba |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka game da Shigawar Yara a cikin Rikicin Makamai (CRC) | memba tun shekara ta 2005 | Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai da aka sake fasalin | Ba a sanya hannu ba |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka game da sayar da yara, karuwanci na yara da hotunan batsa na yara (CRC-OP-SC) | An sanya hannu a cikin 2000 | Yarjejeniyar Turai don Rigakafin azabtarwa da Rashin Mutum ko Rashin Girma ko Hukunci | memba tun 1992 |
| Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dukkanin Ma'aikatan Mutanen da ke ƙaura da Iyalansu | Ba a sanya hannu ba | Yarjejeniyar Turai don Yankin ko Harsunan Ƙananan | memba tun 1998 |
| Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa | memba tun 2023 [9] | Yarjejeniyar Tsarin don Kare Ƙananan Ƙasa | memba tun 1998 |
| Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka (CRPD) | Ba a sanya hannu ba | Yarjejeniyar kan Aiki game da Cin Hanci da Mutane | memba tun 2016 [10] |
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "2010 Human Rights Report: Liechtenstein". US Department of State. Retrieved December 11, 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination" (PDF). Retrieved December 11, 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLES 16 AND 17 OF THE COVENANT" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ↑ ""Criminal Code of 24 June 1987 (as of 1 January 2021)"" (PDF). www.legislationline.org. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ↑ "Liechtenstein referendum on same-sex partnership recognition: 69% in favor". ILGA Europe. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "LIECHTENSTEIN". Amnesty International. July 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "CoE human rights treaties". Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ↑ "Ratification Status for Liechtenstein". UN Treaty Body Database. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
- ↑ "Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 197". Council of Europe Treaty Office. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta 2010 Rahotanni na Kasar kan Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam: Liechtenstein
- 'Yancin Dan Adam a Liechtenstein a shafin yanar gizon UN OHCHR
- Rahotanni na ECRI game da Liechtensteinrahotanni a kan Liechtenstein