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'Yancin Dan Adam a Misira a karkashin Babban Kwamitin Sojoji

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Motar Sojoji ta kone a bayan fage yayin da wani mutum ke rike da harsashin da ba a harba ba, da kuma harsashin harsashi mai rai da Sojojin suka harba.[1]

Hakkin dan adam a cikin sauye-sauyen Mubarak ya kasance batun damuwa da jayayya tun bayan Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 2011. Babban Majalisar Sojoji (SCAF) Larabci: المجلسلى للقوات المسلحة, al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah musamman sun kasance abin damuwa game da take hakkin dan adam. SCAF, wanda ya kunshi manyan jami'ai 20 [2] a cikin Sojojin Masar, an ba shi ikon gudanar da Masar bayan korar Shugaba Hosni Mubarak a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2011 sakamakon juyin juya halin.

Tortura

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Ramy Essam

Ramy Essam, dalibi mai shekaru 23 na Masar kuma mawaƙi, 'yan sanda ne suka kama shi kuma suka azabtar da shi a ranar 9 ga Maris 2011. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mutane sama da 100 da aka kama lokacin da sojoji, ba tare da gargadi ba, suka mamaye filin, suka rushe alfarwa.[3] Essam ya ce maza da ke sanye da kayan soja sun ja shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Masar, wanda ya zama hedkwatar tsaro, kuma ya kai shi farfajiyar, ya cire shi zuwa gajerunsa, kuma ya fara azabtar da shi. [3] "Sun yi amfani da sanduna, sandunan ƙarfe, wayoyi, bulala. "Ya ce ya kuma sami girgizar lantarki. "[4] "Akwai soja wanda zai yi tsalle a cikin iska kuma ya sauka a fuskata da ƙafafunsa".[4] Ramy Essam an fi sani da shi a matsayin "mawakin juyin juya halin Masar" saboda shahararren kiɗan da ya yi a lokacin tashin hankali na Masar a kan Hosni Mubarak . Kuma a halin yanzu yana raira waƙoƙi da SCAF.[3][3]

Gwajin budurwa

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Bidiyo na waje
Sojojin Masar sun musanta 'bincike na budurwa' a YouTubevideo icon
YouTube.com/watch?v=ajCe1km7UFM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Shaidar Salwa, wanda sojoji suka kama a ranar 9 ga Maris 2011 a YouTubevideo icon

Tun bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Mubarak ne aka yi ta yada rahotannin cewa matan Masar da ake tsare da su, wani jami'i ko likita ne ya duba budurcinsu. 'Yan jarida da dama da fursunoni da masu zanga-zangar da aka sako sun tabbatar da hakan, inda aka ce jami'an Masar na tantance ko an yi wa wadannan matan fyade ko a'a.[5][6][7][8] Sojojin Masar da farko sun musanta duk wani binciken budurwa da ke faruwa sannan suka tabbatar da cewa aikin ba zai ci gaba ba a nan gaba. [9][10][11] Labaran gwaje-gwajen budurwa sun haifar da kuka na jama'a daga Amnesty International da Human Rights Watch da kuma masu gwagwarmayar Masar na gida, misali Mona Seif, da sauran 'yan ƙasa a kasar.[12] Masu zanga-zangar suna ganin gwaje-gwajen a matsayin shaida cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin gyare-gyare kuma cewa mulkin da ke ƙarƙashin SCAF ba mai ɗorewa ba ne ko kuma abin dogaro.[13][14][15]

Gwaje-gwaje na soja

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Amr El Beheiry and some of the 9 March detainees Fayil:Amr El beheiry jpg
Amr El Beheiry and some of the 9 March detainees

Daga ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2011 lokacin da sojoji suka maye gurbin 'yan sanda a sintiri a kan tituna a Masar, zuwa ranar 10 ga Satumban 2011 an kama wasu fararen hula 12,000 tare da gabatar da su a gaban kotunan soji - fiye da adadin fararen hula da suka fuskanci shari'ar soja a tsawon shekaru 30 na mulkin Hosni Mubarak. Daga cikin fararen hula 11,879 da aka yi shari'ar kotunan ta samu mutane 8,071 da suka hada da 1,836 da aka dakatar. 1,225 ƙarin hukunci suna jiran amincewa da sojoji. An wanke 795 kawai. [16] Kafin juyin juya halin Musulunci, an kebe shari'o'in soja don manyan shari'o'in siyasa, kamar hukuncin 2008 na tsohon mataimakin jagoran kungiyar 'yan uwa musulmi, Khairat el-Shater; shari'o'in da aka kama wadanda ake tuhuma a yankin sojoji kamar Sinai; ko kuma farar hula da suka soki sojoji.[16] A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, shari'ar da ake yi a kotunan sojan Masar, ba su da "hakkin gaskiya na asali kuma ba sa biyan bukatun 'yancin kai da rashin son kai na kotunan shari'a". Wadanda ake tuhuma "yawanci ba sa samun damar samun lauyoyin da suka zaba kuma alkalai ba sa mutunta hakkin kariya. Alkalai a tsarin shari'a na soja "ba sa jin dadin yancin yin watsi da umarnin da manyan jami'ai ke yi" saboda "sun kasance karkashin jerin umarni".[16] Daga cikin fararen hula da aka gwada [17] sun hada da Amr El Beheiry, [18] an kama shi a lokacin tashin hankali na soja na zaman a majalisa a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu.[19] Daga nan aka tura shi kotun soja kuma bayan shari'ar gaggawa ba tare da kasancewar lauya ba, kuma ya sami hukuncin shekaru biyar a kan tuhumar ta'addanci duk da shaidun da suka ce bai karya doka ba. [20][21] Amnesty International ta kuma yi kira ga a saki Beheiry.[19]

"Mutumin kogo na SCAF yana zargin matashi na 25 Jan. (Loai Nagati) da zama ɗan fashi", by Carlos Latuff, 2011

Wani mai fafutuka da aka tsare shi ne Loai Nagati . [22] Shafin Facebook na Khaled Said ya ce: "Loai Nagati ɗan shekara 21 ne mai gwagwarmayar Masar wanda aka kama shi a lokacin zanga-zangar Tahrir da safe jiya. Kamar yadda ya zama al'ada yanzu, an tura Loai zuwa kwanaki 15 a kurkukun soja yana jiran binciken soja! Loai ba shi da lauya, ba shi da wata zargi mai kyau a kansa kuma ɗalibin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne. Shi farar hula ne kuma bai kamata masu gabatar da kara su bincika shi ba.[23] "Mutane da yawa sun ji rauni," shine tweet na karshe da Nagati ya yi a karfe 7 na safe a ranar Laraba.[22] Za a tsare Nagati na kwanaki 15 kuma an tura shi a ranar 29 ga Yuni zuwa kurkukun soja yayin da ake jiran shari'ar soja. Nagati tana da yanayin zuciya da matsalolin narkewa wanda ke buƙatar magunguna daban-daban 10, kuma bayan wasu gwagwarmaya, wani jami'in da ke aiki a kurkuku ya amince da canja wurin maganin zuwa Nagati.[24] 

An kama Asmaa Mahfouz ne bisa zargin bata sunan gwamnatin mulkin sojan Masar da kiranta da su a matsayin "majalisar karnuka". An mika ta zuwa kotun soji, lamarin da ya sa masu fafutuka, da kuma masu neman shugabancin kasar irinsu Mohamed ElBaradei da Ayman Nour, suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da gurfanar da ita a gaban kotun soji. An saki Mahfouz a kan beli a cikin adadin E£ 20,000, daidai da kusan US $ 3,350 .

Yin harbi a kan zanga-zangar

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A Ofishin Jakadancin Isra'ila a Alkahira a ranar 15 ga Mayu dubban mutane sun taru don zanga-zangar goyon bayan Palasdinawa amma jami'an tsaro na Masar da sojojin 'yan sanda sun warwatse su da iskar hawaye da harsashi.[25] Kimanin masu zanga-zangar 353 sun ji rauni kuma an kama 180. Akalla biyu daga cikin wadanda suka ji rauni an harbe su a kai da kirji da jami'an tsaro da 'yan sanda na soja, kuma akalla biyu daga cikinsu da aka kama (Mosa'ab Elshamy da Tarek Shalaby) sanannu ne saboda ayyukansu na Twitter a duk lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 2011.[25] Dukkanin wadanda aka kama sun fuskanci shari'ar soja kuma daga baya aka sake su.

Censorship

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Mohammed Fahmy AKA Ganzeer, mai zane-zane wanda ya tsara takarda [26] a kan T-shirt kuma an kama shi saboda sanya shi a Tahrir Square. [27]

An kama mai zane-zane Ganzeer, darektan fim din Aida El-Kashef, da mawaƙa / mai zane Nadim Amin AKA NadimX [28] saboda sanya hoto [26] wanda ya ɓata wa 'yan sanda na soja rai. An sake su daga baya a wannan rana.[29] "Ban san dalilin da ya sa aka tura mu zuwa masu gabatar da kara ba" in ji mai zane-zane mai suna Mohamed Fahmy, mai zane-zanen Masar mai shekaru 29, wanda ya wuce Ganzeer a Twitter, 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan an sake shi. Ya ce a tsare shi da wasu sun yi magana game da " siyasa da dimokuradiyya".[30][31]

Wani mai fafutuka wanda aka tsare bayan korar Mubarak shine Maikel Nabil Sanad, [32] dan gwagwarmayar siyasa kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo. A cikin Afrilu 2009 ya kafa ƙungiyar No zuwa tilas soja. Ya bayyana cewa ya ƙi saboda imaninsa, yana neman a cire shi daga shiga aikin soja. Maimakon haka, an kama shi a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2010 a hannun 'yan sandan soja amma bayan kwana biyu aka sake shi, kuma a karshe aka kebe shi daga aiki bisa dalilan lafiya. Sanadiyar ta taka rawar gani sosai a juyin juya halin Masar, yana mai nuni da cewa Masar na mulkin soja da kyau tsawon shekaru sittin. ‘Yan sandan soji sun kama shi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu tare da azabtar da shi, amma bayan sa’o’i 27 sun sake shi. An kama shi a gidansa da ke unguwar Ain Shams a birnin Alkahira da misalin karfe 10 na dare ranar 28 ga Maris, 2011 da 'yan sandan soji suka yi. Washegari ne kawai ya iya kiran dan uwansa ya sanar da shi an kama shi.[33] An yanke wa Sanad hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru uku a kan zargin "zagi da sojoji" a cikin aikinsa "Sojoji da Mutanen Ba su taɓa Hannu ɗaya" a kan maikelnabil.com ta kotun soja ta Ramadan a birnin Nasr kusa da Alkahira a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.[34] Kafin wannan, an tsare shi a cikin wani kurkuku na musamman a kurkukun El Marg, wanda bai ba shi damar hasken rana ba. Bugu da ƙari, abokan zamansa sun yi masa barazana. Sanad ya bukaci likita, saboda yana fama da hawan jini mara daidaituwa kuma yana buƙatar magani na yau da kullun da kulawa ta likita.[35] 

A ranar 30 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2011 ne aka bai wa mawallafin shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo na kasar Masar Hossam el-Hamalawy, mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Reem Maged, da kuma dan jarida Nabil Sharaf El-Din sammaci da su bayyana a gaban kotun soji bayan da Maged ta kawo Hamalawy a shirinta inda ya soki rawar da 'yan sandan soji ke takawa, inda ya rike shugaban 'yan sandan soja da ke da alhakin azabtar da masu fafutuka.[36] An sake su ranar Talata bayan sun "tattaunawa" da masu gabatar da kara na soji kuma an bukaci Hossam el-Hamalawy ya mika rahoton cin zarafin sojoji ga hukumomi.[37]

Jaridar Masar kuma mai fafutuka Rasha Azab da babban editan jaridar El Fagr El Fagr (Egyptian weekly newspaper)">Adel Hammouda an kira su ne daga masu gabatar da kara. Za su bayyana a gaban masu gabatar da kara a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2011.[38] Azab ya wallafa wata kasida a cikin jaridar El Fagr da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da taron da ya faru tsakanin mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SCAF) da kuma 'A'a ga masu yakin neman zabe na Soja.[38]

Mutuwa

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Hoton ga Mohamed Mohsen, wani wanda SCAF ya azabtar, zane-zane na Carlos Latuff

Ramy Fakhry, [39] wani injiniyan lantarki mai shekaru 27, ya mutu sakamakon raunin harsashi da aka samu a wani wurin dubawa na sojoji a wani wuri a cikin lardin Damietta. Ba a san ainihin wurin da ake binciken ba.[40] A cewar daya, wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba, Fakhry ya dakatar da motarsa kusa da wurin dubawa lokacin da ya ga harbin bindiga tsakanin sojoji da maharan da ke gabansa kuma an harbe shi sau uku a baya yayin da yake ƙoƙarin fitar da shi.[40] Wani sashi na labarin ya ce ya bar rigar inda ya yi aiki a kusa da Damietta a ranar Jumma'a 13 ga Mayu don halartar bikin aure. A kan hanyarsa ta dawowa daga baya a wannan dare da karfe 1 na safe - kafin dokar hana fita da aka sanya a lokacin - an harbe Fakhry ya mutu a wani wurin dubawa na sojoji.[39] Iyalin Ramy da abokansa ne suka shirya bikin hasken kyandir a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2011.[41] Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Sojoji (SCAF), Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, ya ba da umarnin bincike kan kisan Ramy Fakhry.[42] Ba a bi sanarwar tare da wani sabuntawa game da binciken ba, wanda ya haifar da kiran don aiki.[39] Duk abin da yanayin masu fafutuka suka yi imanin cewa sojojin ne suka kashe Fakhry.[39][43] 

A ranar 4 ga Agusta, Mohamed Mohsen, mai zanga-zanga kuma mai fafutuka, ya mutu a Cibiyar Asibitin Nasser, kwanaki 12 bayan an same shi da wani dutse wanda ya haifar masa da zubar jini a kwakwalwa. Mohsen ya halarci wani tattaki a ranar 23 ga Yuli, wanda zai nufi ma'aikatar tsaro don yin tir da SCAF, wanda dakarun soji suka tare a unguwar Abbasseya. Bayan haka, ƴan daba sun kai hari gabaɗayan tattakin, da kuma zargin mazauna yankin Abbasseya su ma, waɗanda suka jefa duwatsu da molotov cocktails a kan masu zanga-zangar. Wani da abin ya faru a kan idonsa ya ce, Mohsen ya samu wani dutse ne daga wani rufin da ke kusa da wurin, wanda hakan ya sa akwai yiwuwar wani mazaunin unguwar ya same shi. Sama da sa’o’i biyu masu zanga-zangar suka kasa kwantar da shi a asibiti, saboda motocin daukar marasa lafiya ba su iya isa wurin tattakin da ‘yan sandan soji suka yi wa kawanya, kuma ba a kai shi asibitin Demerdash da ke kusa da shi ba, saboda jita-jitar cewa ana kama masu zanga-zangar da suka jikkata. Bayan wasu asibitoci da dama sun ki a kai shi daga karshe aka kwantar da shi a Asibitin Nasser. Tsakanin raunin da ya samu da kuma kwantar da shi a asibiti da kuma rashin kulawar lafiya sosai a ƙarshe ya kai ga mutuwar Mohsen.[44] Masu zanga-zangar sun zargi SCAF da mutuwarsa, saboda an yi imanin cewa hare-haren da aka kai wa tafiyar sun zo ne saboda tayar da sojoji, kuma musamman sun zargi Manjo Janar Hassan el-Ruweiny. An gudanar da babban jana'Iftar a garinsu na Aswan, kuma kimanin masu zanga-zangar 200 sun gudanar da jana'izar masallaci kusa da Tahrir Square, bayan Addu'ar Jumma'a. 'Yan sanda na soja da Sojojin Tsaro na Tsakiya sun hana shi shiga filin.[45][46][47] Daga baya a ranar, masu zanga-zangar sun yi bikin Ramadan a filin wasa a hanyar biki, amma ba da daɗewa ba 'yan sanda na soja suka kai musu hari kuma suka warwatse bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa suna shirin sabunta zaman a Tahrir.[48]

Dubi kuma

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Bayanan da aka ambata

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Haɗin waje

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  1. ↑ "Before And After: The 2 Squares Behind Egypt's 3-Year Turmoil". HuffPost. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Egypt State Information Service (14 February 2011). "Formation of the Armed Forces Supreme Council". Archived from the original on 20 February 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Ramy Essam: The Singer of the Egyptian Revolution". NPR. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  4. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CNN
  5. ↑ "Briefly: Mideast". The Washington Times. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  6. ↑ "Virginity tests: Misogyny and intimidation in Egypt". The Christian Science Monitor. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  7. ↑ "Egyptian army denies 'virginity tests'". 1 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011 – via YouTube.
  8. ↑ "'Horribly Humiliating': Egyptian Woman Tells of 'Virginity Tests' – SPIEGEL ONLINE – News – International". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  9. ↑ "Egyptian army denies 'virginity tests' – Middle East". Al Jazeera. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  10. ↑ "Egypt military rulers vow no more virginity tests: HRW". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  11. ↑ (AFP) – 7 June 2011 (7 June 2011). "AFP: Egypt military rulers vow no more virginity tests: HRW". Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  12. ↑ "Isobel Coleman: Democracy in Development » Blog Archive » What Do Egyptians Say about the Military's "Virginity Testing"?". Blogs.cfr.org. 3 June 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  13. ↑ "Rights groups says Egypt still needs more change | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  14. ↑ "Disillusion starts to grow with Egypt's military amid fears of 'mini-Mubaraks". The National. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  15. ↑ "Human Rights Watch: The Egyptian revolution is not over | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 24 January 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  16. 1 2 3 "Egypt: Retry or Free 12,000 After Unfair Military Trials". 10 September 2011. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  17. ↑ "Egypt can't move forward without justice, says Amnesty sec-gen". Thedailynewsegypt.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  18. ↑ "Rights groups says Egypt still needs more change | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  19. 1 2 Associated, The (27 May 2011). "Egypt activists plan 'Second Revolution' – AP World News – The Charleston Gazette – West Virginia News and Sports". Wvgazette.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  20. ↑ "Activists continue their battle against military trials as SCAF releases detainees | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  21. ↑ Hill, Evan (20 May 2011). "Egypt's crackdown now wears camouflage – Features". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  22. 1 2 "Loai Nagati: another Egyptian activist to face military trial – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  23. ↑ "Loai Nagati is a 21 years old Egyptian Activist". liveword.ca. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named elbadil1
  25. 1 2 "Army fires on Cairo's Nakba rally". Bikyamasr.com. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  26. 1 2 "#FreeGanzeer – Hi Res Poster That Ganzeer Got Arrested for. on Twitpic". Twitpic.com. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "twitpic1" defined multiple times with different content
  27. ↑ "Egyptian graffiti artist Ganzeer arrested amid surge in political expression". The Christian Science Monitor. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  28. ↑ "CIC condemns arrest of artists by military – Stage & Street – Arts & Culture – Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  29. ↑ New York Times, USA (27 May 2011). "Egypt: Gearing Up for a Second Revolutionary Round · Global Voices". Globalvoices.org. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  30. ↑ "Graffiti artist says online outcry may have sped up release". Thedailynewsegypt.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  31. ↑ "Egypt's youth vocal against army | Al Jazeera Blogs". Blogs.aljazeera.net. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  32. ↑ "Maikel Nabil Sanad مايكل نبيل سند: About me". Maikelnabil.com. 5 December 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  33. ↑ "EGYPT: Egyptian pacifist Maikel Nabil Sanad arrested for insulting the military | War Resisters' International". Wri-irg.org. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  34. ↑ "Maikel Nabil Sanad مايكل نبيل سند: The Army and The People Were Never One Hand". Maikelnabil.com. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  35. ↑ "EGYPT: Imprisoned pacifist blogger Maikel Nabil Sanad in solitary confinement | War Resisters' International". Wri-irg.org. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  36. ↑ "Egyptian journalists to be questioned tomorrow by the military for denouncing the torture of activists – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
  37. ↑ "Blogger asked to hand reports of army abuses to authorities". Thedailynewsegypt.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  38. 1 2 "Journalists Rasha Azab and Adel Hammouda summoned by Egypt's military prosecution – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  39. 1 2 3 4 "Activists and friends seek answers over Ramy Fakhry's death". English.ahram.org.eg. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  40. 1 2 "Family of man killed at checkpoint demands investigation". thedailynewsegypt.com. 15 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  41. ↑ "Tribute to Ramy Fakhry 3". arabawy.org. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  42. ↑ "Following vigil, SCAF orders investigation into army shooting of engineer". thedailynewsegypt.com. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  43. ↑ "Candlelight vigil for Egyptian shot by army asks 'Why was Ramy killed?'". English.ahram.org.eg. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  44. ↑ "Ululations in farewell to the Abbasseya martyr" (in Larabci). Shorouknews.com. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  45. ↑ "Protesters show solidarity with victim of Abbasseya attack | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  46. ↑ "Military Police block a march to Tahrir Square" (in Larabci). Dostor.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  47. ↑ "Army and Police close Tahrir Square to Protesters for the first time after the Revolution" (in Larabci). Almasryalyoum.com. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  48. ↑ "Army forces disperse the 'Tahrir Iftar'" (in Larabci). Almasryalyoum.com. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
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