'Yancin Dan Adam a Suriname
 'Yancin Dan Adam a Suriname | |
|---|---|
human rights by country or territory (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Suriname |
Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Suriname a halin yanzu an amince da shi a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Suriname na 1987. [1] Suriname dimokuradiyya ce ta tsarin mulki tare da shugaban da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta zaba. Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta gudanar da zaben a shekarar 2020, inda ta zabi Chan Santokhi a matsayin shugaban kasa. Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa tana da kwamiti da ya shafi batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasar. Ofishin 'Yancin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da' yan sanda yana da alhakin ba da shawara ga gwamnati kan ayyukan yanki da na kasa da kasa game da jihar game da' yancin dan adam.[2] Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHRC) yana sake dubawa lokaci-lokaci, wanda sau da yawa ana imanin cewa matakin haƙƙin ɗan adam bai riga ya cika ka'idojin duniya ba.
Suriname a halin yanzu tana ci gaba da fuskantar batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam daban-daban, daga farkon tarihin kasar tare da Maroons na Surinam waɗanda suke daga cikin yawan mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka, zuwa batutuwan zamani kamar cin hanci da rashawa, fataucin mutane, cin zarafi da tashin hankali ga mata da yara, aikin yara, da dokokin cin zarafin aikata laifuka.
'Yanci na' yan jarida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, gami da' yancin yada labarai. Duk da yake babu takunkumi na yau da kullun a kan manema labarai, ayyukan da gwamnati da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba suka dauka sun mamaye ikon da kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu ke da shi don ci gaba da aikinsu.[1]
'Yan jarida, daga cikin wadanda ke cikin masana'antar, sun ci gaba da bayar da rahoton tsoratar da gwamnati da masu ba da agaji ba. Kafofin watsa labarai a Suriname yanzu sun fara gudanar da labarai tare da Farko 'yan jarida kawai, sabanin sunayensu.[1] An zaɓi wasu don barin ɓangarorin da ba a san su ba don kare amincin da kuma asalin marubutan. Ana ba da 'yan jarida a Suriname mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa ƙananan albashi, yana mai da su cikin haɗari ga nuna bambanci da tasiri, yana ƙara haɗari da amincin rahoto.
A gefe guda, ofishin kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati da waɗanda ke cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, suna hayar 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu da aka cire daga kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu kuma suna ba su albashi mafi girma.[3] Wannan aikin yana haifar da wahala ga kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu don riƙe ƙwararrun ma'aikata kuma ya hana ikon su bayar da rahoto yadda ya kamata game da ayyukan gwamnati.
'Yancin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Constitution of the Republic of Suriname. "The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname". Bulletin of Acts and Degrees 1987 No. 166.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:02 - ↑ US Embassy (2018). "Suriname 2018 Humans Rights Report". 2018 Human Rights Report – Suriname.
An gabatar da Zaɓin Duniya a cikin 1948, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan ƙasar Suriname sama da shekaru 18 su jefa kuri'a.[1] Dokar Suriname ta ba 'yan ƙasa damar zaɓar gwamnatinsu a cikin zaɓen lokaci-lokaci na kyauta da adalci da aka gudanar ta hanyar jefa kuri'a ta sirri kuma bisa ga zaɓen duniya da daidaito.[2] Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da izinin zaben kai tsaye na majalisar dokoki ta kasa mai mambobi 51 ba tare da shekaru biyar ba bayan ranar zaben da ta gabata.[1] Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta zabi shugaban kasa da kashi biyu bisa uku na kuri'un da suka fi yawa. Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta gudanar da zaben a shekarar 2020, inda ta zabi Chan Santokhi a matsayin shugaban kasa a shekarar 2020. Masu sa ido daga Ƙungiyar Jihohin Amurka da Tarayyar Jihohin Kudancin Amurka sun yanke hukunci cewa an shirya zaben 2015 sosai kuma gabaɗaya kyauta ne kuma adalci.[3]
Zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da gwamnati ta yi sun ci gaba da kasancewa yayin da tattalin arziki ya girma. Zarge-zarge sun kewaye kwangilar gwamnati ga masu shiga jam'iyyar siyasa da goyon baya da kuma nuna gaskiya ga yanke shawara na gwamnati don bayar da haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'adinai da katako.[3] Ra'ayi mai yawa yana riƙe da cewa jami'ai suna amfani da ikon jama'a don amfanin masu zaman kansu. Jama'a, kafofin watsa labarai da sauran jam'iyyun da ba na gwamnati ba musamman suna bincikawa da kuma sukar Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a. [3]
Hakkin yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rijistar haihuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Registry na Jama'a yana buƙatar duk haihuwar da za a yi rajista a cikin mako guda. Rashin rajista a cikin lokacin da aka ba da umarni yana haifar da tsarin rajista mai tsawo. Ana ba da izinin 'yan ƙasa idan aƙalla iyayen haihuwa sun fada ƙarƙashin Suriname "Dokar' yan ƙasa da zama".[3]
Cin zarafin yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2017, 'yan sanda sun yi rajistar lambobi 35 na cin zarafin jiki da kuma shari'o'i 212 na Cin zarafin yara, kuma a cikin 2018, shari'oʼi 47 da 256 da girmamawa.[4] Masana sun yi imanin cewa ainihin adadin shari'o'in cin zarafi sun fi wanda aka ruwaito. An aiwatar da shirye-shiryen hukuma da ke ba da izinin wadanda abin ya shafa su ba da shaida a cikin ɗakuna na musamman a shari'a don kauce wa tsoratar da masu aikata laifin.[3] Hukumomin gwamnatin Suriname suna aiki da wayar tarho don yara da ke buƙatar shawara da taimako na sirri, suna ba da matsakaicin kira 80 a kowace rana.
Ofishin Harkokin Matasa na Suriname yana inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da cin zarafin jima'i, kwayoyi da barasa ta hanyar shirin talabijin na mako-mako.[3] Ma'aikatar Shari'a da 'yan sanda suna gudanar da cibiyoyin kare yara uku a duk faɗin ƙasar.
Ayyukan yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu nau'o'in aikin yara har yanzu suna da doka kuma ana yin su a duk Suriname. A tarihi, aikin yara ya faru ne a aikin gona, katako, kamun kifi, hakar ma'adinai da masana'antun gine-gine, da kuma sayar da titi.[5] Mafi ƙarancin shekaru na doka ga yawancin nau'ikan aiki shine 14, kuma lokutan aiki ga yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 an ƙuntata su ne kawai ga sauye-sauyen rana, kuma kawai a ƙarƙashin kasuwancin iyali, ƙaramin noma ko aikin sana'a na musamman.[3] Ba a ba da izinin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 su yi aiki a kan jiragen ruwa ba. Yara a karkashin shekaru 18 an haramta su shiga cikin aiki mai haɗari ta doka; an bayyana su a matsayin aikin da zai iya haɗari ga rayuwa, lafiya da mutunci.[3]
A cikin 2018, gwamnatin Suriname ta sami ci gaba don sauƙaƙa ayyukan aikin yara ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta 138 game da mafi ƙarancin shekaru don shiga aiki; haɓaka mafi ƙaranci shekarun aiki zuwa 16. Dokoki da ka'idoji da ke kewaye da aikin yara a Suriname har yanzu ba su cika ka'idojin kasa da kasa ba. Tare da Mataki na 20 na Dokar Ilimi na asali wanda ke buƙatar yara su halarci makaranta har sai sun kai akalla 12 ba su cika mafi ƙarancin shekaru don aiki na 16, yara da yawa suna cikin haɗari ga cin zarafin aiki.[6] Wani rahoto na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu (UNESCO) na 2017 game da aikin yara da ilimi na Surinam ya nuna cewa kashi 6.4% (kimanin 6,671) na yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 14 sun yi aiki, tare da kashi 6.6% na yara masu shekara 7 zuwa 14 da suka hada aiki da makaranta. Adadin masu halartar makarantar firamare na Suriname ya nuna kashi 96% kuma makarantar sakandare ta nuna kashi 53%.[6]
'Yancin mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar ta samar da kariya ga 'Yancin mata don samun daidaito ga ilimi, aiki da dukiya.[7] A watan Yulin 2014, Majalisar Dokokin Suriname ta zartar da Dokar Dokar Dokar kan Kasa da Mazauni, ta gyara dokar lamba 4, tana ba mata damar ba da 'yancin su ga ma'aurata kuma ta gabatar da muhimman kariya don hana rashin ƙasa saboda asarar' yan kasa. A watan Agustan 2018, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta zartar da dokar aiki da ke kare mata masu juna biyu daga korar su.[8] Duk da haka, mata har yanzu suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a fannoni daban-daban, gami da samun dama da la'akari da aiki, da kuma yawan albashi don aiki daidai ko kamar aiki.
Rashin fyade da tashin hankali a cikin gida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar ta haramta fyade ga maza da mata, ciki har da fyade na aure, kuma ta ba da hukunci ga fyade ko Cin zarafin gida'i tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 15 da kuma tarar har zuwa dala 100,000 na Surinam (SRD). [9] Ayyukan tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya sanya hukuncin shekaru 4 zuwa 8 ta hanyar doka. A halin yanzu, tashin hankali kan mata ya kasance matsala ce mai tsanani kuma mai yawa a Suriname, tare da 'yan sanda suna karɓar rahotanni sama da 513 na cin zarafin jima'i a cikin 2018 da kuma shari'o'i 102 na cin zarafi na gida.[10]
Ofishin Taimako na Wadanda aka azabtar na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da 'yan sanda suna ba da albarkatu ga wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na cikin gida kuma suna ci gaba da wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali ta hanyar shirye-shiryen talabijin na jama'a.[5] Hukumomi suna horar da rukunin 'yan sanda don taimakawa a cikin laifukan jima'i da na cikin gida, ga wadanda aka azabtar da kuma masu aikata laifin.[2] Ofishin Taimako na Wadanda aka azabtar da su da wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida suna ba da mafaka ga wadanda aka azabtar, kuma suna sarrafa matsakaicin abokan ciniki 40 a shekara.[9] Ofishin Harkokin Jima'i na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ya kaddamar da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a a watan Mayu 2018 game da tashin hankali na cikin gida a duk fadin kasar.[9]
Cin zarafin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu babu takamaiman doka game da cin zarafin jima'i, duk da haka, masu gabatar da kara sun ambaci wasu sassan shari'a a cikin gabatar da shari'o'in cin zarafin lalata.[9] Babu wani shari'ar kotu da aka ruwaito da ta shafi cin zarafin jima'i a wurin aiki.
Cin zarafin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci, sayar da yara, karuwanci na yara da ayyukan da suka shafi Hotunan batsa na yara an haramta su a karkashin dokar Suriname. Shekarar yarda da jima'i ta doka ita ce 14. Dokar fataucin mutane tana riƙe da cin zarafin jima'i na mutanen da ba su kai shekara 18 ba bisa ka'ida ba. Dokar aikata laifuka ta Suriname tana hukunta mutanen da ke da alhakin bayarwa ko sayen karuwanci na yara, tare da tarar har zuwa SRD 100,000 da har zuwa shekaru shida a kurkuku.[2] Dokar Laifuka ta haramta hotunan batsa na yara, dauke da tarar har zuwa SRD 50,000 da kuma har zuwa shekaru shida a kurkuku.[4]
'Yan asalin ƙasar da' yan kabilanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Suriname ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin Amurka wacce har yanzu ba ta amince da haƙƙin jama'a da 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilun da suke zaune ba. Gwamnatin Suriname ta amince da 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilun Maroon, waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Afirka, amma ba su da matsayi na daban a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa, kuma ba su da tasiri na ƙasarsu.[11]
Maroons mutane ne na kabilanci a Suriname waɗanda suka fito daga bayin Afirka. An kawo su Suriname galibi a cikin 1600s kuma daga baya suka tsere daga gonakin bayi kuma suka kafa al'ummomi masu zaman kansu a cikin ciki inda yanzu suke zaune a cikin yanayin da ya dace da kabilun asali.[12] Maroons suna shiga cikin hukumomin gudanarwa na yanki, da kuma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, kuma sun kasance wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwar gudanarwa.
Yawancin Amerindians da Maroons suna zaune a yankunan karkara da yankunan da ba su ci gaba ba tare da ƙarancin samun ilimi, aiki, da sabis na kiwon lafiya da zamantakewa. Kungiyoyin suna shiga cikin yanke shawara da ke shafar al'adunsu da al'adun su, duk da haka an ba su izinin iyakantaccen tasiri a kan yanke shawara da suka shafi amfani da makamashi, Ma'adanai, katako da sauran albarkatun kasa a ƙasashensu na gargajiya.[13] Don haka, waɗannan al'ummomin suna ci gaba da fuskantar matsaloli game da katako da hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba. Babu wata doka da ke ba wa al'ummomi damar raba ribar da aka samu daga amfani da albarkatun ƙasarsu.[11]
Hakkin LGBTQI
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin mulki na Suriname ya haramta nau'o'in nuna bambanci, duk da haka ba ya magance yanayin Jima'i ko asalin jinsi.[2] Maza da mata, jima'i iri ɗaya doka ce a Suriname. Har yanzu ba a amince da auren jinsi ɗaya ba, haɗin gwiwar jama'a ko haɗin gwiwar gida.[10] Suriname tana da iyaka ga hukuncin Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Inter-American ta 2018, wanda ke riƙe da cewa auren jinsi ɗaya haƙƙin ɗan adam ne wanda Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ta kare.[14] A karkashin sashe na 175, 175a da 176 na Dokar Shari'a ta Surinam, dokar ta haramta nuna bambanci da maganganun ƙiyayya bisa ga jima'i, musamman kare Al'ummar LGBTQI.[15] Ana iya hukunta keta doka da tarar ko hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekara guda.
Hakkin fursunoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin kula da 'yan sanda
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, yin azabtarwa da wulakanci ko azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne. Koyaya, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, Lauyoyin karewa hakkin dan Adam da kafofin watsa labarai suna ci gaba da bayar da rahoton abubuwan da 'yan sanda suka yi musu mummunar zalunci, gami da amfani da karfi ba dole ba yayin kamawa da duka a kurkuku. [16] Gwamnati ta dauki matakai da yawa don bincika, gurfanar da kuma azabtar da jami'an da suka keta dokokin kuma suka aikata cin zarafin bil'adama, ko a cikin jami'an tsaro ko a wasu wurare a cikin gwamnati. Jama'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa cewa manyan jami'an gwamnati da jami'an tsaro ba su da hukunci daga tilasta aiki.[17]
Dokar ta haramta kamawa da tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ta ba da damar kowane mutum ya kalubalanci halattaccen kamawa ko tsare-tsaren a kotu.[2] Gwamnati gabaɗaya tana kiyaye waɗannan haramtacciyar.
Yanayin jiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake ana ganin suna riƙe da ka'idojin kasa da kasa, an ga cibiyoyin tsare-tsare 26 na Suriname a matsayin matalauta na dogon lokaci - ɗakunan kurkuku sun cika kuma ba su da ma'aikata. Tare da babban abincin fursunoni da masu tsaro da rashin fitowar gaggawa da motsa jiki na kwashewa, ma'aikatan kurkuku ba su da daidaitattun tsarin aiki kuma suna gwagwarmaya don sarrafa fursunoni.[2] Har ila yau, ana samun yanayin tsabta a gabaɗaya matalauta; tare da rashin isasshen haske da iska, tare da matsalolin Ambaliyar ruwa suna haifar da Rashin ruwa a wurare daban-daban.[2]
Hakkin 'yan gudun hijira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2015, Suriname ba ta samar da wata dokar mafaka ta kasa mai zaman kanta ko dokar 'Yan gudun hijira ba. Koyaya, ana ba Masu neman mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira damar ba da matsayi a ƙarƙashin dokar Suriname.[2] Kasar ta dogara da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) don gudanar da rajista da sanya masu neman mafaka ko matsayin' yan gudun hijira a kasar. Da zarar an tabbatar da matsayi, gwamnati ta kafa tsarin samar da kariya ga 'yan gudun hijira; 'yan gudunmawa ko masu neman mafaka suna samun izinin zama a karkashin dokar dokokin kasashen waje. Red Cross na Suriname ita ce ma'auni na hulɗa ga waɗanda ke neman matsayin 'yan gudun hijira tare da UNHCR.[18]
Jerin manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Suriname – Government and Society". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Constitution of the Republic of Suriname. "The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname". Bulletin of Acts and Degrees 1987 No. 166.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 US Embassy (2018). "Suriname 2018 Humans Rights Report". 2018 Human Rights Report – Suriname.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 US Embassy. "Suriname 2017 Human Rights Report". 2017 Human Rights Report – Suriname.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 van der Ven, Johannes; Vernooij, Joop (22 December 2014). "The Religious Legitimacy of Socioeconomic Human Rights among Suriname Youth". Exchange. 43 (4): 360–378. doi:10.1163/1572543X-12341337 – via Brill.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Child Labour and Forced Labour Reports". U.S. Department of Labour.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Suriname. "The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname". Bulletin of Acts and Degrees 1987 No. 166.
- ↑ van der Ven, Johannes; Vernooij, Joop (22 December 2014). "The Religious Legitimacy of Socioeconomic Human Rights among Suriname Youth". Exchange. 43 (4): 360–378. doi:10.1163/1572543X-12341337 – via Brill.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 United Nations. "Concluding observations on the combined fourth to sixth period reports of Suriname". Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Custom Report Excerpts: Suriname". U.S. Department of State.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Price, Andrew. "The Maroon Population Explosion: Suriname and Guyane". New West Indian Guide. 87.
- ↑ "Maroons- Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group International. 2008.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:12 - ↑ Agence France-Presse. "Inter-American Court endorses same-sex marriage". Yahoo7. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018.
- ↑ Heartland Alliance for Human Needs & Human Rights (October 2015). "Human Rights Situation for LGBTI Persons and Sexual Rights in the Republic of Suriname" (PDF). Ilga World.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Suriname. "The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname". Bulletin of Acts and Degrees 1987 No. 166.
- ↑ Padilla, David. "The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: The Dominican Republic and Suriname". The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:7