'Yancin Dan Adam a Timor-Leste

'Yancin Dan Adam a Timor-Leste
	Haƙƙin ɗan adam a ƙasa ko yankuna
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Timor-Leste
Wuri
	8°58′00″S 125°45′00″E / 8.96667°S 125.75°E

Timor-Leste (tsohon Timor ta Gabas) jamhuriya ce ta jam'iyyun majalisa da ke da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 1.1, tare da raba tsibirin Timor tare da lardin Nusa Tenggara na Gabas ta Indonesia . A cikin shekaru 24 na mamayar Indonesiya (daga shekarar 1975,) da kuma bayan raba gardama na 'yancin kai na 1999, 'yan bindiga masu goyon bayan Indonesiya sun aikata laifuka da yawa na' yancin ɗan adam. Kasar ta sami 'yancin kai a shekara ta 2002, kuma an gudanar da zabe na kyauta da adalci a shekara ta 2007. Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Gabashin Timor (UNMIT) da Sojojin Tsaro na Duniya sun kasance a cikin ƙasar yayin da suke haɓaka rundunonin tsaro na kansu, 'yan sanda na kasa (PNTL) da Sojan Tsaro (F-FDTL).

Akwai batutuwa da yawa game da haƙƙin jama'a da na siyasa ciki har da keta haƙƙin shari'a mai adalci da 'yanci daga kamawa. Bayar da haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu ma damuwa ce, kamar haƙƙin ilimi, da haƙƙin rayuwar iyali; akwai ɗan girmamawa ga haƙƙin mata da yara kuma tashin hankali na gida da cin zarafin jima'i manyan matsaloli ne.

Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa

Timor-Leste ta shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) a shekara ta 2002 kuma tana cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai daga cikin manyan yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam guda tara: Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci (ICERD), Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICESCR), Yarjejeniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga Mata (CEDAW), Yarjejeniyarsa da Sauran Ayyukan Jama'a da Kariya ta Duniya (MM). Ba ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Dukkanin Mutane daga Kashewa (CED) ko Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da Naƙasasshe (CRPD)). ^[1] An gudanar da bita na farko na Universal Periodic a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011.

Timor-Leste ta tabbatar da ka'idojin zaɓaɓɓu na yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa, gami da Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Farko ga Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, da Yarjejeniya ta Zaɓu kan Shigawar Yara cikin Rikicin Makamai da Yarjejeniyoyin Zaɓu game da Sayar Yara, Karuwan Yara da Batsa na Yarjejeniyar kan Yara.

Tsaro na Tsarin Mulki

Kundin tsarin mulki da aka kafa a shekara ta 2002 cikakke ne, duk da haka ana buƙatar sanya ƙarin tsarin kafin a tabbatar da haƙƙin da aka tsara a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, misali har yanzu ba a fahimci haƙƙin mallakar masu zaman kansu, kiwon lafiya, da ilimi ga mutane da yawa ba, kuma akwai isar da haƙƙin sauraro da karewa, yardar aure kyauta, da 'yancin tarawa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.

Rashin adalci

Rashin ingancin tsarin shari'a na kasar ya haifar da damuwa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam. A shekara ta 2010, an ruwaito cewa kasar tana da matsala tare da rashin gwaji mai kyau, amfani da karfi da 'yan sanda suka yi, da kuma rashin hukunci ga keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka gabata.

Tsarin shari'a yana fama da rashin ma'aikata da albarkatu, don haka duk da cewa doka ta haramta kamawa da tsare-tsare, ɗaurin kurkuku na iya faruwa saboda alƙalai ba su samuwa ba, kuma akwai jinkiri mai tsawo har sai an ji mutane a shari'a. Har ila yau, akwai manyan matsalolin fahimta kamar yadda kodayake Tetum da Portuguese duka harsunan hukuma ne na Timor-Leste, Portuguese shine babban harshen doka, wanda yawancin jama'a ba sa magana.

Har ila yau, an sami rahotanni game da 'yan sanda da' yan tsaro da ke keta haƙƙin fararen hula ta hanyar zalunci ko wulakanci kamar duka, amfani da karfi da yawa, tsoratarwa da barazanar da aka yi a kan bindiga. An kuma yi zargin cewa masu tsaron kurkuku suna wulakanta fursunoni.

Yakin tsakanin 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro ya haifar da tashin hankali a shekara ta 2006 wanda ya haifar da gudun hijira da mutuwar fararen hula. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 2008 kwamandan 'yan sanda na soja, Alfredo Reinado, ya jagoranci wani hari da makami a kan Firayim Minista da Shugaban kasa, wanda ya haifar da sanar da dokar ta baci kuma ya bukaci kirkirar Kwamandan hadin gwiwa don dakatar da tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. Koyaya, abin da ya fi muhimmanci, Shugaban ya sauya hukuncin waɗanda ke da alhakin rikice-rikicen shekarar 2006, ^[2] kuma an ba da gafara ga waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin tashin hankali na Shekarar 2008, wanda ya haifar da ra'ayi game da rashin hukunci, kuma tsarin binciken da ya biyo baya bai haifar da wani korafe-korafe ba don keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da ya gabata. Shirye-shiryen horo sun haifar da wasu ci gaba, ^[2] kodayake ana ci gaba da yin zarge-zargen keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yan sanda da sojoji suka yi.^[3]^[3]

Bugu da ƙari, an bi sulhu da Indonesia maimakon mai da hankali kan gurfanar da laifi don laifuka da aka aikata a lokacin mamayar shekarar 1975 da shekara ta 1999. Hukumar Karɓar, Gaskiya da Sulhu a Gabashin Timor (Comissão de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliação), da Hukumar Gaskiya da Abokantaka kawai sun gabatar da gaskiya a gaban maimakon neman gurfanar da laifuka ciki har da kisan kai ba bisa ka'ida ba, ɓacewar tilasta, tashin hankali na jima'i, azabtarwa, da laifukan yaƙi. Koyaya José Ramos-Horta ya zargi "UN da "mutunci" don amfani da matsayin gwamnatinsa game da adalci a matsayin hujja don kada a kafa kotun.^[4] Kungiyar Binciken Laifuka Masu tsanani ta ci gaba da bincika laifuka da aka aikata a shekarar 1999. ^[3]

'Yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki

A Timor-Leste 'yancin magana da' yancin yada labarai suna karewa ta doka, kuma wannan gabaɗaya gwamnati ce ke girmamawa. Har ila yau, akwai kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu masu aiki galibi ta hanyar talabijin da rediyo, kodayake akwai iyakantaccen damar zuwa talabijin le rediyo, kuma matsalolin karɓar suna iyakance watsa shirye-shirye a waje da Dili da manyan biranen gundumar.

'Yanci na taro

Dokar Timor ta Gabas ta buƙaci a ba da sanarwa ta kwana huɗu ga 'yan sanda kafin kowane zanga-zangar ko yajin aiki, kuma an hana zanga-zambe a cikin yadudduka 100 na gine-ginen gwamnati ko wuraren diflomasiyya. Koyaya, a aikace ana ba da izinin zanga-zangar ba tare da sanarwar ci gaba ba, kuma ba a aiwatar da ƙa'idar 100 yadudduka da wuya.

Kasancewa cikin siyasa

Yanayin Tsarin Mulki

An bayyana haƙƙin shiga siyasa a cikin Mataki na 25 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda ke ba da tabbacin haƙƙin shiga cikin harkokin jama'a, 'yanci da na duniya, da kuma daidaito ga ayyukan gwamnati.

Wadannan hakkoki suna da yawa a Timor-Leste. Sashe na 46 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Timor-Leste ya bayyana cewa "kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da haƙƙin shiga cikin rayuwar siyasa da harkokin jama'a na ƙasar"; cewa kowane "ɗan ƙasa yana da 'yancin kafawa da shiga cikin jam'iyyun siyasa"; kuma cewa "kafa da shirya irin waɗannan jam'iyyu za a tsara su ta hanyar doka. " Sashe na 47 ya tabbatar da cewa kowane ɗan ƙasa sama da shekaru goma sha bakwai yana da haƙurin jefa kuri'a kuma a zabe shi. kuma sashi na 48 ya tabbatar da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa su gabatar da "ƙararru, korafe-korafe da da'awar" ga hukumomi.

Jam'iyyu 21 ne suka fafata a zaben shekarar 2017. Yawan masu jefa kuri'a ya yi yawa, tare da kashi 77 cikin 100 na kuri'un Timorese idan aka kwatanta da kashi 74 cikin 100 a shekarar 2012, da kuma kashi 80 cikin 100 a shekara ta 2007. Ana gudanar da zabe a karkashin tsarin wakilci na jam'iyya, inda masu jefa kuri'a ke zaɓar jam'iyyun maimakon 'yan takara, tsarin da ke ba da iko ga shugabannin jam'iyyu. Ƙofar zaɓe ita ce 4%, ma'ana cewa jam'iyyun siyasa suna buƙatar akalla kashi 4 cikin 100 na kuri'un don shiga majalisa. Wannan yana iyakance ikon wasu ƙananan jam'iyyun.

Tsarin yana goyan bayan shiga mata kuma akwai abin da ake buƙata ga kashi ɗaya bisa uku na 'yan takarar jam'iyya su zama mata, wanda ya haifar da Timor-Leste yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman kashi na mata a yankin Asiya Pacific (kashi 38 kafin zaben shekarar 2017). Koyaya, sa hannun mata mai ma'ana wani lokacin ana ƙuntata shi da halaye na gargajiya da ra'ayoyi, musamman a cikin matsayi na gida da na yanki.

Babu wani hani na doka game da shiga da 'yan tsirarun kabilanci na kasar kuma sun bayyana cewa an haɗa su cikin tsarin siyasa, kodayake jimlar matsayi da' yan tsirarun ƙabilu ke riƙe ba ta da tabbas tunda nuna kansu ga kabilanci abu ne mai ban mamaki.

Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Dimokuradiyya ta Timor-Leste a kai a kai tsakanin 7.22 da 7.24 tsakanin shekara ta 2008 da shekarar 2016, a kan sikelin inda 0 ke nuna cikakken mulkin kama karya kuma 10 ke nuna cikakkiyar dimokuradiyya. Wannan darajar ita ce mafi girma a Kudancin Pacific kuma tana kusa da na manyan dimokuradiyya kamar Amurka (7.98) da Faransa (7.92).

Ƙuntatawa

Ƙuntatawa kan shiga siyasa a Timor-Leste yana da amfani sosai, saboda yankuna da yawa na ƙasar suna da wuyar samun dama saboda ƙuntatawa na ƙasa da matakan rashin ingantattun hanyoyin da za su iya tasiri ga ikon waɗanda ke cikin yankuna masu nisa don shiga cikin zaɓen. Wannan ya iyakance ikon ƙananan jam'iyyun don yin gasa a wasu yankuna, kamar yadda CNRT da Fretilin da suka fi samun kuɗi suna iya jigilar magoya bayansu zuwa tashoshin zabe.^[5]

Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin cewa shiga siyasa zai ragu saboda rashin ci gaba a magance kalubalen cikin gida da rashin rarraba don inganta mulkin kai da dogaro da kai, kodayake har zuwa yanzu wannan bai sami babban tasiri ba.

An kuma gano taron manyan hadin gwiwar siyasa a matsayin yiwuwar haɗari ga lafiyar dimokuradiyya ta Timor-Leste. Dokta Michael Leach ya lura cewa tun daga shekara ta 2012, jam'iyyun biyu mafi girma a cikin gwamnati (CNRT da Fretilin) sun kasance a cikin 'babban hadin gwiwa', ci gaba mai ban mamaki tun kafin yarjejeniyar, akwai mummunan tashin hankali tsakanin jam'iyyu biyu. Ya lura cewa wannan yanayin na baya-bayan nan game da hadin gwiwa shine sakamakon babban sha'awar 'yan siyasa na Timor don sauƙaƙe kwanciyar hankali bayan rashin kwanciyar hankali da tashin hankali na shekarun da suka gabata, kodayake ya kuma lura cewa irin wannan hadin gwiwa na iya lalata lissafin gwamnati saboda rashin babban' yan adawa a waje da gwamnati. A shekarar 2015 Francisco Guterres (dan takarar Fretilin) Firayim Minista Xanana Gusmão, abokin hamayyarsa na baya, ya amince da shi, kuma ya ci nasara da sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na kuri'un, yana nuna cewa yawancin masu jefa kuri'a a halin yanzu sun fi son tsarin raba iko, duk da matsalolin da ke tattare da shi.^[5]

Rarrabawar tsara a cikin matsayi na gwamnati na iya haifar da babbar ƙalubale a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. Duk da yake mukamai kamar Firayim Minista da Babban Alkalin suna hannun matasa, ya bayyana cewa tsoffin sojoji na ƙarni na shekarar"1975" suna riƙe da mafi yawan iko a bayan fage, suna iyakance tasirin tsararraki na gaba don rinjayar al'ummar siyasa. Leach ya yi hasashen cewa wannan zai canza a hankali a cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa yayin da yawancin masu jefa kuri'a suka zo daga tsararraki ba tare da ƙwarewar gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai ba.

Rashin ingancin shari'ar Timorese a ingantawa da kuma kare haƙƙoƙi ya haifar da 'yan ƙasa da yawa da jama'a da ke neman wasu hanyoyin da za su fahimci haƙƙoƙinsu da shiga siyasa ta hanyar lobbying ya zama ruwan dare saboda tasirinsa wajen cimma sakamako, kodayake wannan ya dogara da fifiko na' yan siyasa da ke da hannu.

Hakkin ƙasa

Yanayin Tsarin Mulki

Batutuwan ƙasa a halin yanzu sune tushen na uku mafi girma na korafe-korafe ga PDJH, cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Timor-Leste. Har zuwa 1 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2017 babu wata doka ta ƙasa don tsara irin waɗannan batutuwan. Mataki na 54 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Timor-Leste ya tabbatar da haƙƙin mallakar masu zaman kansu. Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da dukiyar masu zaman kansu ba don cutar da manufar zamantakewar al'umma, cewa 'yan ƙasa ne kawai ke da' yancin mallakar ƙasa, kuma cewa "ƙuntata da kwace dukiya don dalilai na jama'a za su faru ne kawai bayan biyan diyya daidai daidai daidai daidai da doka". A aikace, duk da haka, ba koyaushe ana aiwatar da waɗannan kariya ba. Duk da yake takamaiman haƙƙin ƙasa ba a tsara shi a cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ba, batutuwan da suka shafi sun yanke a cikin haƙƙoƙi da yawa. A Timor-Leste waɗannan sun haɗa da rashin nuna bambanci, haƙƙin mata, haƙƙin gidaje, da haƙƙin aiki (saboda dogaro da aikin gona). ^[6]

Batutuwan yanzu

Batutuwan ƙasa sun kasance masu rikitarwa ta hanyar gadon ayyukan Portuguese da Indonesian a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin samun 'yancin kai. A lokacin gwamnatocin biyu, an kwace ƙasar daga masu mallakarta ta gargajiya ta hanyar karfi kuma an ƙarfafa ta cikin hannun masu biyayya, manufofin da suka haifar da rarrabuwar kabilanci da yanki. Lokacin da sojojin Indonesiya suka janye daga kasar a shekarar 1999, sojoji da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga masu alaƙa sun lalata kimanin kashi 70 cikin 100 na gine-ginen da ke akwai kuma sun dauki bayanan ƙasar tare da su, wanda ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda mutane da yawa ba su da ikon mallakar ƙasar da suke zaune. Matsayi mai yawa na yawan jama'a sakamakon tashin hankali ya kara rikitarwa. Duk da yake binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2016 ya gano cewa kashi 87 cikin 100 na mazauna Dili sun dauki kansu a matsayin masu mallakar ƙasar da suke zaune, sama da rabin wadanda suka amsa sun ce suna da ikon mallakar doka. Matsalar ta fi tsanani a cikin ƙauyuka, inda mutane da yawa ke riƙe da ƙasa kawai ta hanyar al'ada da tsarin al'ada, tsarin da ba su da amincewar doka. Matsalolin albarkatu da ma'aikata sun kuma haifar da raguwa mai yawa a kotuna, yana mai da wuya a nemi maganin shari'a kuma an bayar da rahoton shari'o'in cin zarafi daga jami'an tsaro wajen gudanar da korar.^[7] Dangane da wannan binciken, duk da manyan matakan mallakar da aka fahimta, yawancin gidaje a Dili suna tsoron digiri daban-daban cewa za a kore su cikin shekaru biyar.

Samun ƙasa na gwamnati don ayyukan ci gaba, musamman a cikin gundumomin Oecusse da Suia, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun soki su sosai, musamman don yin watsi da da'awar masu zaman kansu da yawa da kuma korar mazauna daga ƙasar inda ba a san taken ba. Kafin dokar shekarar 2017, manufofin gwamnati ba su samar da diyya ga ƙasar da aka kwace ba wanda mai zama ba shi da ikon mallakar. Duk da yake wannan manufofin ba koyaushe ake kiyayewa a aikace ba, diyya a kowane hali ba ta dace ba kuma wasu al'ummomin Suai sun koka cewa madadin gidaje da gwamnati ta bayar ba su cika bukatun su ba kuma sakamakon sake komawa ya canza rayuwarsu da al'adun al'adu.^[8]

Wadannan ayyukan suna cikin haɗarin karya wajibai na Timor Leste a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a, da Al'adu da Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan' Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, dukansu biyu sun tabbatar. Mataki na 11.1 na ICESCR ya bayyana cewa "kowane mutum yana da damar samun isasshen rayuwa ga kansa da iyalinsa, gami da abinci, gidaje da ruwa", yayin da Mataki na 17.1 na ICCPR ya bayyana cewa ""kowane mutum na da damar kada a sanya shi cikin rikici ko ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da sirrinsa, iyali, gida, ko rubutu". Koyaya, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta lura cewa gwamnatin Timor yawanci ta fi son ba da fifiko ga batutuwan da suka shafi muhimmancin ƙasa fiye da na haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma yayin da aka ɗauki wasu matakai don gurfanar da waɗanda ke da hannu a cin zarafin, ra'ayi na jama'a game da rashin hukunci ya ci gaba.

Akwai shawarwari huɗu daga wasu ƙasashe game da batutuwan ƙasa a cikin shekarata 2016 Universal Periodic Review na Timor Leste. Akwai shawarwari uku don ɗaukar matakai don kawar da nuna bambancin jinsi da haƙƙin mata na mallakar ƙasa yayin da Indonesia ta ba da shawarar kammala dokoki don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ciki har da ƙasa.^[9] Timor-Leste ta yarda da shawarwari uku kuma ta lura da shawarar Kanada don cire tanadin nuna bambanci daga doka.^[9]

Gyara

Gwamnatin Timor ta amince da bukatar sake fasalin. A cikin rahotonsa na 2016 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Binciken Lokaci na Duniya, ya yarda cewa an ba da haƙƙin dukiya a cikin Mataki na 54.1 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnati ta tabbatar da niyyarta na ci gaba da ci gaba da kunshin dokar ƙasa don kare waɗannan haƙƙoƙin da ƙirƙirar asusun ƙasa, a wani ɓangare don samar da diyya mai dacewa don sayen ƙasa.^[10]

A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2017 majalisar dokokin Timor-Leste ta amince da Tsarin Mulki na Musamman don mallakar dukiya mai ɗorewa, wanda aka fi sani da 'Dokar Ƙasa', kuma an kafa shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yuni shekara ta 2017. Manufar dokar ita ce "don bayyana matsayin doka na mallakar ƙasa ta hanyar aiwatar da nau'o'i daban-daban na haƙƙin mallaka mai zaman kansa da aka bayar a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Timor-Leste".^[11] Har ila yau, yana ba da ka'idoji don warware rikice-rikice na mallaka kuma zai haifar da Registry na Kasa don sarrafa lakabi na dukiya. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2017, babu manyan rahotanni game da tasirin dokar wajen cimma wadannan manufofi.

'Yancin mata

A Timor-Leste, ana ganin mata suna da matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da maza, duk da kundin tsarin mulki da ke tabbatar da daidaito. Dukansu Portugal da Indonesia a matsayinsu na masu mulkin mallaka sun kirkiro kuma sun kiyaye tsarin zamantakewar gargajiya, suna ware mata.^[12] Ana tura 'yan mata zuwa makaranta ne kawai na 'yan shekaru, ^[12] kuma wasu lokuta ana tilasta wa' yan mata yin aure da aka shirya. Bugu da ƙari, a wasu yankuna al'adar ta hana mata gado ko mallakar dukiya, ^[12] duk da cewa an tabbatar da haƙƙin a cikin kundin tsarin mulki.

Rikicin jima'i da na gida yana daya daga cikin manyan damuwar kare hakkin dan adam a kasar. Rukunin Mutumin da ke cikin PNTL yana da alhakin karɓar da bincika zarge-zargen tashin hankali na jima'i, duk da haka ana jinkirta bincike sau da yawa saboda rashin albarkatu da tallafin ma'aikata, kuma ana warware shari'o'i sau da yawa ta hanyar hanyoyin warware rikice-rikice na gargajiya, waɗanda ba su samar da cikakken warwarewa ga wadanda abin ya shafa ba. Ci gaba da ƙoƙari a madadin gwamnati, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs,) ya haifar da wasu ci gaba, ^[13] kuma dokar da aka gabatar kwanan nan game da tashin hankali na cikin gida ya kamata ta taimaka ta hanyar samar da tsarin ga gwamnati, 'yan sanda da martani na al'umma ga tashin hankali na gida. ^[14]

Hakkin yara

Akwai manyan batutuwa game da cin zarafin yara, rashin ilimi da kuma matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Cin zarafin yara, gami da cin zarafin jiki da tunani da cin zarafi na jima'i matsala ce mai tsanani a Timor-Leste. Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu ana amfani da azabtarwa ta jiki don horar da yara a makaranta da gida. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a kan yara ba a bayar da rahoton su a hukumance ba kuma akwai rashin isasshen magunguna na shari'a.^[15] Har ila yau, an sami rahotanni game da cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci, kuma aikin yara ya yadu. ^[15] Bugu da ƙari, a wasu lokuta, iyaye sun yi yarjejeniya da yaransu don biyan bashin.^[16]

Kodayake kundin tsarin mulki ya bayyana cewa ilimin firamare tilas ne, babu wata doka da ke kafa mafi ƙarancin matakin ilimi, ko kuma tsarin tabbatar da cewa ana ba da ilimi kyauta. Kididdiga daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk fadin kasar ba su shiga makaranta ba, har ma da matakan da ba su shiga ba a yankunan karkara.

Har ila yau, akwai matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yara da mutuwar jarirai da yara, wanda gwamnati, tare da UNICEF, ke aiki don ragewa ta hanyar "tsarin abinci mai gina nama na kasa". Ana fatan cewa sabuwar Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Yara ta Gabashin Timor, wacce aka ba da umarnin ingantawa, karewa, da kuma saka idanu kan' yancin yara za ta inganta halin da ake ciki.

Cibiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa

Cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa ita ce Provedor de Direitos Humanos e Justiça (The Provedor for Human Rights and Justice [PDHJ]) wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ingantawa da kare haƙƙoƙi tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a watan Yunin shekara ta 2005. Manufarta ita ce bincika korafe-korafe game da take hakkin dan adam, rashin kulawa da cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma gudanar da sa ido, bayar da shawarwari da ayyukan gabatarwa.^[13] Koyaya, akwai buƙatar kasancewar PDHJ a cikin yankuna, kamar yadda a halin yanzu masu korafe-korafe daga gundumomi suna buƙatar tafiya zuwa Dili don gabatar da korafe-rikice, don haka hana aikin.^[13] A cikin gundumomin da ba a riga an kafa Provedoria ba, membobin NGO galibi suna cika rawar da haƙƙin sa ido.^[13]

Dubi kuma

↑ "Timor-Leste Ratification History". Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
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Hakkin LGBTQ a Timor-Leste

Manazarta

Samfuri:Asia topic

Haɗin waje

[1] "Timor-Leste Ratification History". Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2011.

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