'Yancin Dan Adam a Togo
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A baya, Freedom House ta lakafta kasar "Ba Free ba" daga 1972 zuwa 1998, kuma daga 2002 zuwa 2006. An rarraba shi a matsayin "Sashe na 'yanci" daga 1999 zuwa 2001 kuma daga 2007 zuwa yanzu (bisa ga jami'an gwamnati).
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka wanda ya danganci yanayi a cikin shekara ta 2010, matsaloli sun haɗa da "taron tsaro yin amfani da karfi mai yawa, gami da azabtarwa, wanda ya haifar da mutuwa da rauni; rashin hukunci na hukuma; mummunan yanayi na kurkuku da barazana ga rayuwa; kamawa da tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci; tasirin zartarwa a kan shari'a; keta haƙƙin sirri na 'yan ƙasa; ƙuntatawa na' yan jarida, taro, da kuma cin hanci da cin hanci; nuna bambanci na al'umma; yanci da yara na al' yanci da 'yanci da'umma; nuna bambancin jima' yanci; yanci na al'adu da yara; musamman ma'umma da' yanci na' yanci ga mutane masu cin zarafin mata; nuna bambance-girki na al'aikata da yara; nuna bambisi na al'ada ga mutane masu lalata da yara;[1]
Rahoton 2021 ya lura da ci gaba a cikin 'yancin mutum na kasar.
Tarihin Togo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Togo, wacce ta taba zama ‘yar kariyar Jamus, sannan kuma ta mallaki Faransa, ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960 kuma tun daga lokacin ake sukar ta da take hakkin dan Adam. Shugaban soji Gnassingbe Eyadema ya karbi mulki a shekarar 1967; duk da halattar da jam'iyyun siyasa a shekarar 1991 da kuma amincewa da kundin tsarin mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1992, ana ci gaba da kallon gwamnatin a matsayin danniya, kuma a shekara ta 1993 kungiyar EU ta katse taimakon da take bayarwa sakamakon take hakkin dan Adam na gwamnatin. Bayan mutuwar Eyadema a shekara ta 2005 dansa Faure Gnassingbe, ya karbi ragamar mulki, sannan ya tsaya zabe aka zabe shi a zabukan da aka bayyana da cewa an daidaita su, lamarin da ya haifar da tashin hankali wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane kusan 600 da kuma tashin 'yan gudun hijira 40,000 daga Togo.. [2]
Wadannan sune jadawalin kimantawar Togo tun 1 a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga a kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba".[3] 1
| Shekara | 'Yancin Siyasa | 'Yancin Jama'a | Matsayi | Shugaban kasa2 |
| 1972 | 7 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1973 | 7 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1974 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1975 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1976 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1977 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1978 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1979 | 7 | 7 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1980 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1981 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 19823 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1983 | 7 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1984 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1985 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1986 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1987 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1988 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1989 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1990 | 6 | 6 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1991 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1992 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1993 | 7 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1994 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1995 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1996 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1997 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1998 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 1999 | 5 | 5 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2000 | 5 | 5 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2001 | 5 | 5 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2002 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2003 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2004 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2005 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Gnassingbé Eyadéma |
| 2006 | 6 | 5 | Ba 'Yanci ba | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2007 | 5 | 5 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2008 | 5 | 5 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2009 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2010 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2011 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2012 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2013 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2014 | 4 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2015 | 4 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2016 | 4 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2017 | 4 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2018 | 4 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2019 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2020 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2021 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2022 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
| 2023 | 5 | 4 | Wani bangare na 'yanci | Faure Gnassingbé |
Tsarin mulki da dokoki na Togo sun haramta nuna bambanci "bisa ga launin fata, jinsi, addini, nakasa, harshe, ko matsayi na zamantakewa", amma waɗannan haramcin ba a aiwatar da su yadda ya kamata ba. Kodayake kundin tsarin mulki da dokoki na Togo sun ba da tabbacin 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, akwai ƙuntatawa masu yawa a kan waɗancan haƙƙoƙin, tare da tarar' yan jaridu da yawa ko kuma a gurfanar da su don ɓata suna, kuma wasu suna shiga cikin tantance kansu don kauce wa karar kotu ko ramuwar gayya.[4] Kudin tsegumi na iya kaiwa miliyan 5 na CFA (US $ 10,000), kuma yawan shari'o'in tsegumi da yanke hukunci, musamman ma wadanda suka shafi maganganu game da shugaban da iyalinsa, sun kai kololuwa a cikin 2010. A cikin shekara ta 2011, 'yan jarida sun kafa "SOS Journalists in Danger" bayan an ambaci sunayensu da yawa a cikin wata sanarwa, wanda ake zaton daga gwamnati, wanda ya yi barazanar azabtarwa da cin zarafin jiki.
A cewar wani rahoto na 2012 na Freedom House, girman sassan kafofin watsa labaru masu zaman kansu na Togo "yana da ban sha'awa ga ƙananan ƙasa, kuma yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin su suna da siyasa sosai. Akwai kimanin jaridu 30 masu zaman kansu da ke bugawa tare da wasu na yau da kullum, ciki har da 2 Daily, kimanin gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu 100 ... da kuma 8 gidajen talabijin masu zaman kansu." Kafofin watsa labaru ba sa buƙatar lasisi na hukuma, amma "[p] rashin hukunta laifukan da aka yi wa 'yan jarida ya haifar da yanayin watsa labarai mara hankali wanda ke nuna alamar cin hanci da rashawa wanda ya ci gaba a lokacin zaɓen shekarar 2010 mai tsanani kuma kawai ya inganta kadan a cikin 2011".. "[5]
Babban Hukumar Kula da Audiovisuals da Sadarwa (HAAC) ya kamata ta zama wata hukuma mai zaman kanta wacce ke kare 'yancin' yan jarida, a zahiri tana tantance kafofin watsa labarai a madadin gwamnati, kuma tana da ikon dakatar da jaridu na watanni shida da kuma kwace katunan' yan jaridu da kayan aiki.[4] Har ila yau, tashoshin rediyo ba za su iya sake watsa shirye-shiryen kasashen waje ba tare da amincewar HAAC ba. Duk da haka, yawancin manema labarai suna sukar gwamnati sosai, yayin da kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati ke nuna son kai sosai ga ni'imar ta.[5] Kodayake kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu sun girma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ko kuma haka, gwamnati har yanzu tana da kafofin watsa labarai tare da mafi yawan masu sauraro, gami da tashar talabijin ta kasa.[4]
A cikin 2012, HAAC ta dakatar da shirye-shiryen kira a kan Légende FM, umarnin da majistare a Lomé ya goyi bayan. Daraktan labarai na tashar, Guy Mario, ya ce "an hukunta shi saboda shirye-shiryen da aka nuna a watan Yuni inda masu kira suka soki tashin hankali da jami'an tsaro suka yi a kan zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a Lomé....Mario ya ce shirye-shirye, wadanda suka gudana na kwana tara, sun nuna mahalarta suna sukar gwamnati a cikin harshe mara kyau". Ba a ba tashar damar kare kanta a kotu ba, wanda ya saba wa dokar Togolese. "Ba a taɓa sanar da mu ba, an gayyace mu, ko kuma an kira mu zuwa kotun - ko mu ko lauyoyinmu, in ji Mario. [5]
A lokacin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na 2010, an hana 'yan jaridar Faransa izini har zuwa ranar zabe; halin da ake ciki a wannan gaba ya inganta a 2011.
Babu ƙuntatawa akan, ko saka idanu, amfani da Intanet. Ana kula da jami'ar tsaro a Jami'ar Lome don tsoratar da malaman jami'a, kuma masu ba da labari na gwamnati suna zuwa darasi. Yayin da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Togo da dokokin kasar suka tabbatar da 'yancin gudanar da taro, amma an takaita shi, inda gwamnati ta hana taron 'yan adawa da yin amfani da karfi, gami da muggan makamai, wajen tarwatsa zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. Haka kuma, ko da yake Togo a fasahance ta ba da tabbacin ‘yancin zagayawa cikin walwala, tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje, yin hijira, da kuma komawa gida, amma waɗannan haƙƙoƙin su ma an tauye su a aikace, tare da sojoji masu ɗauke da makamai suna gudanar da shingayen binciken ababen hawa a cikin ƙasar inda suke bincikar matafiya ba tare da izni ba da kuma neman cin hanci.
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, an zartar da doka da ke buƙatar sanarwar zanga-zangar jama'a. A cikin wannan shekarar, jami'an tsaro sun yi amfani da karfi sosai don watsar da masu zanga-zangar da yawa, kuma an tsare shugaban ANC a gidan don hana shi shiga cikin zanga-zambe. An kama 'yan gwagwarmayar dalibai da ke da alaƙa da Mouvement pour l'épanouissement des étudiants togolais (Movement for the development of Togolese students, MEET), an ji musu rauni da harsashin roba, kuma an yi musu cin zarafi gaba ɗaya.[6]
Cin hanci da rashawa laifi ne, amma ba a hukunta shi da yawa. Dangane da Bankin Duniya na Duniya na 2009, cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati matsala ce mai tsanani. Cin hanci da rashawa ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin jami'an kurkuku, jami'an 'yan sanda, da membobin shari'a. Zaben shugaban kasa na 2005 ya cika da zamba, tsoratarwa, da tashin hankali, amma zaben 2010 ya kasance mai zaman lafiya kuma an dauke shi gabaɗaya kyauta da adalci.[4]
'Yan adawa sun fara gudanar da zanga-zangar a watan Afrilu suna neman sauye-sauyen zabe, suna kira ga kawo karshen daular Gnassingbé, da kuma dagewa kan girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sojojin tsaro na gwamnati sun kashe zanga-zangar da yawa a tsakiyar shekara ta 2012. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, wani dalibi na ilimin zamantakewa ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a matsayin "mai matukar damuwa", yana mai lura da cewa 'yan adawa "na karfafa matsayinsu kuma gwamnati ba ta sauraro ba". Wani tsohon ministan tattalin arziki da kudi ya ce a lokaci guda cewa mutanen Togo "suna fushi game da rikice-rikicen gwamnati dangane da haƙƙin ɗan adam, suna aiki da gangan kuma suna amfani da shari'a don manne wa iko".[7]
A Togo, inda kashi 33 cikin dari na yawan jama'a masu son rai, kashi 28 cikin dari Katolika, kashi 14 cikin dari Sunni Musulmi, da kashi 10 cikin dari Furotesta, kuma inda duka kwanakin tsarki na Kirista da Musulmi sune bukukuwan kasa, babu rahotanni a cikin 'yan shekarun nan game da cin zarafin' yancin addini ko nuna bambanci bisa ga addini. Membobin addinai daban-daban suna gayyatar juna a kai a kai don yin ibada, a cewar rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2012 game da 'yancin addini, wanda kuma ya lura cewa auren addini ya zama ruwan dare.[8]
Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a Togo sun hada da kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Togo, Cibiyar Kula da Kula da Dokar Shari'a, da Kungiyar Togo don Tsaro da Kare Hakkin Dan Adam. Kodayake waɗannan kungiyoyi, da kuma yawancin takwarorinsu na duniya, an ba su izinin aiki a Togo, gwamnati yawanci ba ta kula da shawarwarinsu ba. Majalisar kasa kuma tana da kwamitin kare hakkin dan adam, amma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa.[4]
'Yancin mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rape ya yadu kuma laifi ne wanda za'a iya hukunta shi har zuwa shekaru 10 a kurkuku, wani lokacin shekaru 20, misali a lokuta na fyade na yara ko fyade. Wadanda abin ya shafa ba sa bayar da rahoton fyade saboda zargi da tsoron ramuwar gayya. Cin zarafin aure ba laifi ba ne, kuma tashin hankali ne na gida ba, kodayake yana da yawa. 'Yan sanda ba sa shiga cikin cin zarafin gida, gwamnati ba ta da wani shiri na hukuma don magance shi, kuma mata ba su san hakkinsu a irin wannan yanayi ba. Har ila yau, cin zarafin jima'i ya yadu, kuma kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, ba a aiwatar da dokar da ta kewaye da ita.
Iyalai suna da damar tsara yara kamar yadda suke so. A karkashin doka mata suna da daidaito, amma suna fama da nuna bambanci na zamantakewa da na hukuma a bangarori daban-daban, godiya ga aiwatar da dokokin gargajiya. Misali, mazaje suna da damar gaya wa matansu kada su yi aiki kuma suna da iko kan kuɗin da suke samu. Kodayake a doka mata suna da damar samun daidaitattun albashi, wannan doka ba a girmama ta a yawancin bangarori. Mata na iya mallakar dukiya, amma ba su da damar samun tallafin yara ko wasu biyan kuɗi idan sun sake aure kuma ba su da ikon gadon dukiyar mazajensu. Yin auren mata da yawa ya zama ruwan dare. Aikin Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Haɗin Kai na Kasa ne don tabbatar da cewa mata sun san abin da hakkinsu suke.[4]
Hakkin yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankewar mata ba bisa ka'ida ba ne tun 1998, amma ba a aiwatar da doka da yawa. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, a cikin 2010 an yi wannan hanya a kan kusan kashi 6 cikin 100 na 'yan mata.[4] Wani rahoto na 2012 daga Ofishin Tarayyar Jamus na Shige da Fice ya lura cewa "an soke" FGM "an sanar da shi a hukumance kuma an yi bikin a wani bikin kasa a Sokodé a ranar 29 da 30 ga Disamba 2012". Godiya a wani bangare ga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Jamus wacce ta gudanar da kamfen ɗin bayanai a duk fadin kasar game da FGM, kuma ta nemi taimakawa masu aikin FGM su sami wani aiki, "an ci gaba da raguwa a cikin yankan mata. " Rahoton Jamus ya sanya yawan FGM a cikin 'yan mata a kashi 14 a kashi 0.7 a cikin 2008 kuma, sabanin rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, a kashi 0.4 cikin dari a cikin 2010. "A cikin 2012 an yi imanin cewa ya fi ƙasa.[9]
Dangane da rahoton Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Amurka na 2021 game da fataucin mutane, Togo ita ce makoma da kuma tushen ƙasa don fataucin. Babban nau'in fataucin mutane a cikin kasar shine don tilasta aiki a noma da kuma dutse. A cikin Togo, masu fataucin mutane galibi suna daukar yara daga arewacin kasar don yin aiki a babban birnin Lomé a matsayin masu sayar da titi, ma'aikata, ma'aikatan jima'i, ko ayyukan da suka shafi injuna masu haɗari. Ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye da ƙuntatawa da aka ɗora saboda annobar COVID-19 sun kara yawanci ga yara ga fataucin mutane.[10]
Hakkin nakasassu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke da nakasa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita sosai ba. Kodayake gine-gine da yawa suna da tashoshin keken guragu, babu wata doka da ke buƙatar gine-ginen jama'a su kasance masu iya shiga cikin keken gurgu, kuma gine-giginen da ba a iya shiga ba ko sufuri na iya tsoma baki da jefa kuri'a da shiga cikin jama'a. Yara masu nakasa galibi suna da damar samun ilimi, gami da a makarantu don mutanen da ke da nakasa. Akwai Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a, Ƙarfafa Mata da Ilimi wanda ke gudanar da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a, yana ba da horo na aiki, da rarraba abinci da tufafi.[1]
Hakkin LGBT
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar ƙasa ta tanadi cewa "ayyukan da suka shafi yanayi da aka aikata tare da mutum na jima'i", wanda aka fahimta gabaɗaya yana nufin luwadi, ana iya hukunta shi har zuwa shekaru uku a kurkuku, amma wannan ba a tilasta shi a aikace; ana tuhumar mutanen LGBT akan wasu laifuka, kamar fitsarin jama'a. Mutanen da ke canza jinsi ba su da ikon canza jinsi a kan takardun shaida da gwamnati ta bayar. Har ila yau, akwai nuna bambanci ga al'umma da hukumomi ga mutanen LGBT.[1]
Hakkin HIV / AIDS
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau / AIDS ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma ya yadu. Majalisar Kasa don Yaki da cutar kanjamau ta wanzu don yaki da nuna bambanci ta hanyar horo kan cutar kanjamaun HIV / AIDS da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Ana yawan fitar da 'yan uwa bayan gano cutar kanjamau, kuma yawancin mutanen Togo sun yi imanin cewa cutar kanjamaun HIV / AIDS wani nau'i ne na azabtarwa na sararin samaniya don yin laifi.[1]
Hakkin ma'aikata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'aikata suna da 'yancin shiga kungiyoyin kwadago, kuma mafi yawansu suna da' yancin yajin aiki da ciniki tare, a cikin wasu iyakoki. Nuna bambanci ga ƙungiyar kwadago, aikin tilas da aikin yara ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma waɗannan dokoki ba a aiwatar da su sosai ba. Yara da yawa suna aiki a matsayin masu bara, ma'aikata, ma'aikatan gona, da kuma wasu ayyuka, mafi haɗari suna cikin ma'adinai, tare da wasu daga cikinsu ainihin bayi ne, yayin da mata da yawa ke tilasta aiki a matsayin karuwai ko ma'aikata. Kodayake daukar yara a ƙarƙashin shekara 15 ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, wasu yara masu shekaru biyar suna aiki. Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da hadin kai na Kasa ya kamata su aiwatar da dokar kan aikin yara, amma tilasta ba ta da ƙarfi. Akwai mafi ƙarancin albashi don nau'ikan aiki daban-daban, amma suna da ƙarancin gaske kuma ba a tilasta su ba. Har ila yau, akwai dokoki da ke ƙuntata lokutan aiki da makamantansu, amma ana watsi da waɗannan kuma ba a tilasta su ba.[4]
A cewar wani rahoto na 2012 na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka, "Togo ta sami ci gaba kadan a kokarin kawar da mummunan nau'i na aikin yara" a cikin 2011, tare da kwamitocin aikin yara na gida sun fadada kokarinsu "ta hanyar bin diddigin dawowar wadanda aka yi fataucin da kuma inganta daidaituwa ta hanyar musayar bayanai tare da jami'an gwamnati a lokacin rahoton". Har ila yau, gwamnatin Togo tana aiki tare da "ayyukan da masu ba da tallafi ke ba da tallafi don yakar munanan nau'ikan bautar da yara da kuma yin amfani da layin wayar tarho don ba da rahoton cin zarafin yara". Har yanzu, Togo ba ta ba da isassun kayan aiki don aiwatar da dokokin aikin yara yadda ya kamata ba kuma yara kanana "na ci gaba da yin aiki cikin yanayi mai hadari".".[11]
Hakkin addini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2022, Freedom House ya kimanta 'yancin addini na Togo a matsayin 3 daga 4, yana lura da cewa' yancin addini an kare shi ta hanyar tsarin mulki kuma ana girmama shi gabaɗaya a aikace. Musulunci, Katolika da Furotesta sun amince da jihar; wasu kungiyoyi dole ne su yi rajista a matsayin ƙungiyoyin addini don samun irin wannan fa'idodi. Tsarin rajista ya kasance yana ƙarƙashin jinkiri mai tsawo tare da kusan aikace-aikace 900 da ke jiran a farkon 2021.
Hakkin 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Togo tana aiki tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira, masu neman mafaka, da sauransu. Kodayake dokokinta ba su samar da mafaka ko matsayin 'yan gudun hijira ba, gwamnati ta kafa tsarin samar da irin waɗannan mutane. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010 daruruwan 'yan gudun hijira daga Ghana suna zaune a Togo.[4]
'Yancin mutanen da aka kama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'‘Yan sanda sun lakada wa wadanda ake tuhuma duka a lokacin da ake yi musu tambayoyi, ba tare da hukunta su ba. Hatta yara suna cikin hatsarin duka a irin wannan yanayi. Duk da cewa kamawa da tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba sun sabawa doka da tsarin mulki, amma duk da haka suna faruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, 'yan sanda ba su da tasiri kuma suna cin hanci da rashawa, kuma suna guje wa cin zarafi akai-akai. Yayin da aka baiwa jami'an gwamnati iri-iri damar bayar da sammacin kama mutane, har yanzu ana kama mutane ba tare da izini ba kuma ana tsare su a asirce. Ko da yake doka ta tanadi cewa mutanen da ake tsare suna da hakkin a fada musu tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi musu kuma ta haramta tsarewa ba tare da tuhumarsu ba fiye da sa'o'i 48 (ko, wani lokacin, 96), ana yin watsi da wadannan ka'idoji. Ana yawan kama masu adawa da gwamnati ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ana kuma kama masu bi bashi, shima wannan ma ya sabawa doka.[4]
'Yancin mutane a shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2007, wadanda aka yi wa zalunci a lokacin zaben 2005 dole ne su biya kudi ga kotun don musayar shari'arsu ta ci gaba. Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka biya ba su sami wani abu ba. Saboda wani bangare na karancin alƙalai da sauran ƙwararrun jami'an shari'a, ana yawan tsare wadanda ake tuhuma a tsare su kafin a yi musu shari'a na dogon lokaci, wanda wani lokacin ya fi tsayi fiye da sharuddan da za a yanke musu hukunci idan aka gurfanar da su kuma aka same su da laifi.[4] Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine batun Abdoul-Aziz Goma, ɗan ƙasar Irish-Togolese wanda aka tsare shi a tsare kafin shari'a sama da shekaru uku, tun daga shekarar 2018.
Har ila yau, akwai cin hanci da rashawa a fannin shari’a, inda bangaren zartarwa ke yin tasiri a kan alkalai, kuma lauyoyi na ba alkalai cin hanci. Alkalan da ke goyon bayan jam’iyya mai mulki ana ba su mukamai fiye da wadanda ke goyon bayan bangaren shari’a mai zaman kansa. Babu zato na rashin laifi; akwai shari'a ta juri; gwaji a bude suke. Wadanda ake tuhuma suna da hakkin samun lauya, kuma ana ba su daya idan ba za su iya biya ba. Wannan da sauran haƙƙoƙin gabaɗaya ana mutunta su a aikace, amma 'yancin waɗanda ake tuhuma na ganin shaidar gwamnati ba ta dace ba. A ƙauyuka, an ba wa sarakuna ko dattawa ikon gwada ƙananan ƙararraki..[4]
Wani matashi mai ba da gudummawa na 'yancin ɗan adam na Burtaniya a Togo ya bayyana halartar shari'a inda aka matsa masa aiki a matsayin mai fassara.[12]
'Yancin mutane a kurkuku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu gadi na kurkuku sun doke fursunoni, kuma akai-akai kuma ba tare da hukunci ba. Kurkuku suna cike da mutane kuma ba su da tsabta, tare da abinci mara kyau da kulawa ta likita; fursunoni marasa lafiya dole ne su biya masu gadi don samun magani a asibitin, da kuma biyan kuɗin wanka, amfani da wuraren wanka, ko kuma su da gado. Cin zarafin mata na jima'i ya zama ruwan dare. Ana ba fursunoni damar ganin baƙi da yin addinin su. Ana kuma ba su damar yin korafe-korafe, amma hukumomi gabaɗaya ba sa yin komai a matsayin martani. Bincike game da yanayin kurkuku ba shi da yawa, kodayake ana ba da izinin kungiyoyi kamar Red Cross su bincika wuraren kurkuku.[4] Ma'aikatar Shari'a tana gudanar da shirin sake fasalin kurkuku na dogon lokaci, Shirin Taimako na Kurkuku na Gaggawa, wanda EU ke tallafawa, amma bai canza sosai ba. A watan Yunin 2010, Togo ta soke hukuncin kisa, kuma duk mutanen da aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa an sauya hukuncin su zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai.[13]
Wani rahoto na 2012 ta Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN) ya ce " Fursunoni 12 na Togo - yawancinsu sun lalace - suna riƙe fiye da sau biyu da aka tsara. Cushe, da rashin isasshen abinci, kula da lafiya da rashin tsabta sun haifar da cututtuka da mutuwa ". Yawancin fursunonin mutane ne da ke jiran shari'a, wadanda ba a tuhume su da rabi ba. Rahoton ya ambato wani fursuna yana cewa: "Muna kwana kusa da juna, da kanmu a kan kafafun wani, kamar sardine a cikin kwano. Da daddare muna yin barci a juzu'i, yayin da wasu ke kwance, wasu kuma suna tsaye da bango suna jiran komi." Alal misali, an gina gidan yarin da ke Lomé don ɗaukar fursunoni 600, amma a zahiri yana ɗaukar fiye da 1,800..
Kungiyar mai kula da Atlas of Torture ta sanya Togo a matsayin ƙasa ta huɗu mafi muni a duniya idan ya zo ga yawan fursunoni da ke jiran a gwada su. IRIN ta kuma lura cewa wasu mutanen da kotuna suka ba da umarnin a sake su suna ci gaba da kasancewa a kurkuku.[14]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Cinikin mutane a Togo
- Tsayar da Intanet da sa ido a Togo
- Hakkin LGBT a Togo
- Matsalar Kasinga, shari'ar shari'ar Amurka ta 1996 da ta shafi wani matashi na Togo wanda ke neman mafaka don tserewa daga aikin kabilanci na yankan mata.
- 1 2 3 4 "2020 Human Rights Report: Togo". US Department of State. Retrieved 2021-12-07. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "2020 Human Rights Report: Togo" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Togo profile". BBC News. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ Freedom House (2024). "Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2024" (XLS). Retrieved 21 December 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "2010 Human Rights Report: Togo". US Department of State. Retrieved January 11, 2013. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "2010 Human Rights Report: Togo" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 "Freedom of the Press 2012 - Togo". UNHCR. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Freedom of the Press 2012 - Togo" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Annual Report 2012". Amnesty International. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "Togo: Simmering discontent ahead of polls". UNHCR. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "2011 Report on International Religious Freedom - Togo". UNHCR. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "Briefing". Information Centre Asylum and Migration. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "Togo". United States Department of State. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ↑ "2011 FINDINGS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR". Togo. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ Harris, Patrick. "Law & Human Rights in Togo". Projects Abroad. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "Annual Report: Togo 2010". Amnesty International. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ↑ "Togo: Disease, death stalk cramped prisons". UNHCR. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.