'Yancin Dan Adam da ci gaba
 'Yancin Dan Adam da ci gaba | |
|---|---|
| Hakkokin Yan-adam |
Ci gaba haƙƙin ɗan adam ne wanda ke na kowa, ɗai-ɗai da kuma gaba ɗaya. Kowane mutum "yana da ikon shiga, ba da gudummawa, da jin daɗin ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, al'adu da siyasa, wanda za'a iya fahimtar dukkan haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali", in ji sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin ci gaba, [1] wanda aka ayyana a 1986.
Hakkin dan adam yana ƙara darajar ajanda don ci gaba ta hanyar jawo hankali ga lissafi don girmamawa, karewa, ingantawa da cika dukkan hakkokin dan adam na dukkan mutane. Shi, bi da bi, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam don ci gaba. Hanyar da ta dogara da haƙƙin ɗan adam za ta ci gaba da haifar da ingantaccen bincike da kuma mayar da hankali ga dabarun shiga tsakani ta hanyar samar da tushe na al'ada don magance batutuwan ci gaba na asali.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙarfafawa ta farko ta tsarin shari'ar haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanzu da motsi ya kasance a cikin martani ga ta'addanci na Nazi na Yaƙin Duniya na II. Ana ambaton haƙƙin ɗan adam da muhimmanci a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [3] a cikin Preamble da kuma ƙarƙashin Mataki na 1 duk da cewa kawai kaɗan. Gabatarwar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sake tabbatar da "bangaskiya ga haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali, a cikin mutunci da darajar ɗan adam, a cikin daidaitattun haƙƙin maza da mata".
Yarjejeniyar ta kafa majalisar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa wacce ta kafa Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yanzu Majalisar Kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dattawa. Babi na VI na Yarjejeniyar da ake kira Tattalin Arziki da Haɗin Kai na Duniya ya ba da Mataki na 55 (c) "girmamawa ta duniya, da kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali ga kowa ba tare da bambanci game da launin fata, jima'i, yare ko addini ba". Mataki na 56 ya buƙaci Jihohi su dauki matakai na hadin gwiwa da na rabuwa tare da hadin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don cimma burinsu na juna. Hakkin ɗan adam yana cikin ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da al'adu sabili da haka ga Ci gaban Dan Adam kamar haka.
Sanarwar Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) takarda ce mai mahimmanci a tarihin haƙƙin ɗan adam. Wakilan da ke da al'adu da al'adun shari'a daban-daban daga dukkan yankuna na duniya ne suka tsara UDHR, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana shi a Paris a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1948 ta hanyar Majalisar Dinkinobho ta 217 A (III) a matsayin daidaitattun nasarori ga dukkan mutane da dukkan kasashe. Ya tsara, a karo na farko, haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali da za a kare shi a duniya. Tun lokacin da aka karbe shi a 1948, an fassara UDHR zuwa harsuna sama da 500, shine takardar da aka fi fassara a duniya, kuma ya yi wahayi zuwa ga kundin tsarin mulki na sabbin jihohi masu zaman kansu da sabbin dimokuradiyya da yawa. UDHR, tare da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa da Dokokin Zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu (a kan hanyar korafe-korafe da hukuncin kisa) da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan 'YanYancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Dokokin Shaɓuɓɓugarta, sun samar da abin da ake kira Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya [4]
Sanarwar 'Yancin Ci Gaban
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]UNGA ta ayyana sanarwar kan 'Yancin Ci Gaban a karkashin ƙuduri na 41/128 a cikin 1986. [5] tare da Amurka kawai da ta kada kuri'a a kan ƙudurin da kuma mutane takwas da ba su halarta ba.
Hakkin ci gaba ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ba za a iya cire shi ba wanda duk mutane ke da damar shiga ciki, ba da gudummawa, da jin daɗin ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, al'adu da siyasa. Hakkin ya haɗa da (1) ci gaban da aka keɓe ga mutane, gano "mutumin ɗan adam" a matsayin babban batun, mai shiga tsakani da mai cin gajiyar ci gaba; (2) tsarin da ya danganci haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke buƙatar a aiwatar da ci gaba a hanyar da "wanda za'a iya fahimtar dukkan haƙƙin ɗan Adam da 'yanci na asali"; 3) shiga, yana kira ga "haɗin kai, kyauta da ma'ana'ana'anar" na mutane a cikin ci gaba; 4) daidaito, yana jaddada da ikon mallakar kai, harshe, ba da ƙaddamar da bambanci, harshe ba da cikakkiyar jinsi;[6]
Hakki shine haƙƙin ƙarni na uku wanda ake kallo a matsayin haƙƙin rukuni kamar yadda ake bin al'ummomi kamar yadda ya saba da haƙƙin mutum da ke amfani da mutane "Mutane ne, ba mutum ba, wanda ke da haƙƙin ƙuduri da ci gaban ƙasa da na duniya" [7] Ɗaya daga cikin cikas ga dama yana cikin tsari mai wuya na bayyana 'mutane' don dalilai na ƙuduri' kai. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin jihohin da ke tasowa suna nuna damuwa game da mummunar tasirin fannoni na cinikayya ta duniya, rashin daidaito ga fasaha da kuma murkushe nauyin bashi da kuma fatan ƙirƙirar wajibai masu ɗaurewa don sauƙaƙe ci gaba a matsayin hanyar inganta mulki da mulkin doka. Hakkin ci gaba yana kunshe da ƙarin halayen guda uku waɗanda ke bayyana ma'anarsa da kuma ƙayyade yadda zai iya rage talauci 1) Na farko shine tsarin da ya haɗa haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin tsari 2) yanayin da ke ba da damar ba da sharuɗɗa masu kyau a cikin dangantakar tattalin arziki ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da 3) manufar adalci da daidaito ya haɗa da shiga mutanen ƙasashe da ke da hannu da kuma rarraba fa'idodin ci gaba daidai tare da kulawa ta musamman da aka ba wa 'yanci marasa galihu.[8]
Masu ɗaukar nauyin aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mataki na 3 na Sanarwar kan 'Yancin Ci Gaban ya ba da cewa "Jam'iyyun suna da babban alhakin kirkirar yanayin ƙasa da na duniya da ke da kyau ga cimma haƙƙin ci gaba".
Mataki na 6 ya ba da mahimmanci "Ya kamata jihohi su dauki matakai don kawar da cikas ga ci gaba sakamakon gazawar kiyaye haƙƙin farar hula da siyasa, da kuma haƙƙin zamantakewa da al'adu na tattalin arziki", yana maimaita Mataki na 2.1 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR) wanda ya bayyana cewa "kowane Jam'iyyar Jiha zuwa Yarjejeniyar yanzu tana ɗaukar matakai, da kuma ta hanyar taimakon kasa da kasa da kasa tare da hadin kai, musamman tattalin arziki da fasaha, zuwa iyakar albarkatun da ke akwai. Bugu da ƙari, Jagororin Maastricht [9] game da keta haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu sun ba da cewa jihar ta saba wa Alkawari idan ta kasa amfani da iyakar albarkatun da ke akwai don cika Alkawari. [10]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN
- Taron Asiya na 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ci Gaban
- Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Asiya
- Kungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ci Gaban Kambodiya (ADHOC)
- Ci gaban ɗan adam (mutumi)
- Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Ci Gaban Afirka (IHRDA)
- Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ci gaban Dimokuradiyya
- Kayan kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa
- Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights § Research and Right to Development Branch
- Hanyar da ta dogara da haƙƙoƙi don ci gaba
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "OHCHR | Declaration on the Right to Development". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
- ↑ "A Human Rights-based Approach to Development Programming in UNDP – Adding the Missing Link" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
- ↑ "The United Nations Charter". United Nations, Department of Public Information. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
- ↑ Nations, United. "Human Rights". United Nations (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-07-19.
- ↑ "Declaration on the Right to Development. A/RES/41/128". Retrieved 2014-05-03.
- ↑ "Development is a Human Right for All". Retrieved 2014-05-03.
- ↑ Sucharitkul, Sompong. "The Concept of Human Rights in International Law". International Sustainable Development Law. 1. Vol. I - The Nature And Sources Of International Development Law: 4–5.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Masstricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights". Retrieved 2014-05-03.
- ↑ "Maastricht guidelines". hrlibrary.umn.edu. Retrieved 2021-07-19.