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'Yancin shiga jama'a

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'Yancin shiga jama'a
Hakkokin Yan-adam da ƙunshiya

'Yancin shiga jama'a halartar mutum ne na' yan kasa da wasu tsarin shari'a na kasa da kasa da ke kare halartar jama'a a wasu aiwatar da tafiyar matakai. Tsarin 12 na Sanarwar ta 21 na Sanarwar Hakkin dan Adam na ya cancanci kowane mutum da zai halarci al'amuran ƙasarsa, ko dai kai tsaye ko ta zabi wakilai.[1] Hakanan, 'yancin halartar siyasa yana nufin dama wanda hukuma ta kuduri na samar da wakilan da' yan kasa daidai da ka'idodin daidai da na jama'a, da 'yancin samar da hadin gwiwa da hada kai da hade da bangarorin siyasa.[2] Mataki na ashirin da tara a kan hakkokin jama'a da siyasa ya yi irin wannan taron 'yancin shiga cikin gudanar da darussan gwamnati da kuma zabukan lokaci guda.[3]

A wasu hukunce-hukunce, 'yancin sun shiga cikin jama'a a doka. 'Yancin halartar jama'a na iya ɗaukar matsayin hakkin dan adam, ko kuma nuna' yancin yin 'yancin yin' yancin yin 'yancin yin' yancin jama'a. Kamar yadda ne Netherlands, Jamus, Denmark da Jamus, suna halartar jama'a da 'yancin bayani game da tsarin dokokinsu tun kafin tsakiyar shekaru.[4] Dimokiradiyya da kuma sadaukar da jama'a suna da alaƙa da tsarin mulkin dimokiradiyya sosai sun haɗa da haƙƙin shiga na gwamnati a cikin dokokinsu na ƙarni. Misali, a Amurka da hakkin takarda kai ta kasance wani bangare na farko na kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka tun daga 1791. Kwanan nan, tun daga shekarun 1970 a cikin Dokokin New Zealand (E.G .: Lafiya, Karamar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli)

Inganta ayyukan jama'a ya dogara da jama'a suna samun damar samun cikakken bayani da kuma cikakken bayani. Saboda haka dokoki dangane da halartar jama'a sau da yawa ma'amala da batun 'yancin sanin, samun damar samun dama da' yancin bayani. Har ila yau, haƙƙin da za a iya ci gaba a cikin mahallin daidaitawa da haƙƙoƙin rukuni, ana nufin tabbatar da daidai da cikakkiyar ƙungiyar da aka tsara a cikin jama'a. Misali, a cikin mahallin mutane.

A takamaiman yankin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yankunan da yawa daban-daban na dokar 'yancin ɗan adam sun fi nauyi

Garawar Rio a kan muhalli da Ci gaba

Babban labarin: Sanarwar Rio akan muhalli da Ci gaba

Sanarwar Rio ta 1992 ta shiga cikin jama'a a mizanansa 27. optionsididdigar "matsalolin muhalli suna da kyau a ba da shawarar dukkan 'yan ƙasa masu damuwa, a matakin da ya dace". Bayanin sanarwar RIO ya ci gaba, tsara hanyar kusanci tsakanin damar samun bayanai da kuma sanya jama'a:

A matakin kasa, kowane mutum zai sami damar samun bayanai game da yanayin da hukumomin jama'a ke da su, da damar da za su shiga cikin tsarin gudanar da yanke shawara. Jihohi za su sauƙaƙa kuma ta ƙarfafa wayar da kan jama'a da halarci ta hanyar samar da bayanai da yawa. Ingantacciyar hanyar shari'a da gudanar da mulki, gami da sake sarrafawa, za a samar da su.[5]

Taro kan hakkokin mutane da nakasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban labarin: Yarjejeniya akan hakkokin mutane da nakasassu

Babban taron 2006 akan hakkokin mutane da nakasassu sun san wannan "rashin daidaituwa da kuma masu hadarin yanayi na ci gaba da fuskantar matsaloli a matsayinsu daidai membobin al'umma."

Bangaren ya nuna nakasawa ɗayan ka'idodin ta, yana nuna "ka'idojin yarjejeniyar za su kasance: ... Cikakken shiga da kuma hada karfi a cikin al'umma;" Bayan haka daga baya ya tayar da hannun dama na nakasasewa don shiga cikin cikakken kuma daidai a cikin al'umma, ilimi, duk rayuwar habilitith da kuma rayuwar siyasa, rayuwar al'adu, da jima'i, da wasanni.[6]

  1. "What is Public Participation?"
  2. US EPA, OITA (February 24, 2014). "Public Participation Guide: Introduction to Public Participation". US EPA.
  3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Office of the United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights
  4. Public participation legislation - Coastal Wiki". Encora.eu. Retrieved 2012-08-06
  5. Rio Declaration - Rio Declaration on Environment and Development - United Nations Environment Programme". UNEP. Retrieved 2012-08-06
  6. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities". Un.org. 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2012-08-06.