Švenčionys

Švenčionys
Švenčionys
	;
Wuri
	55°08′00″N 26°09′20″E / 55.1333°N 26.1556°E
Territory claimed by (en)	Lua error a mw.lua, layi na 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Lithuania
District municipality of Lithuania (en)	Švenčionys District Municipality (en)
Babban birnin	Sventsyansky Uyezd (en) ; Sviancianski rajon (mul) (1940–1940); Švenčionys District Municipality (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	4,480 (2023)
• Yawan mutane	730.83 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	6.13 km²
Altitude (en)	165 m-217 m
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	LT-18001
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	387
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	svencionys.lt

Švenčionys ( pronunciation ⓘ ; wanda kuma aka sani da sunaye daban-daban ) birni ne a gabashin Lithuania, kuma babban birnin gundumar Švenčionys, mai nisan 84 kilometres (52 mi) arewacin Vilnius . As of 2020^[update] Tana da yawan jama'a 4,065, wanda kusan kashi 17% daga cikinsu ɓangare ne na tsirarun 'yan Poland a Lithuania .

Asalin Ma'anar

Akwai hasashe guda biyu da aka tabbatar game da asalin sunan Švenčionys: ɗaya shine sunan tafkin Šventas da ke kusa (a zahiri: saint ) tare da ƙarin ƙarin -onys na Lithuania; wani kuma shine cewa an samo shi ne daga sunan mutum, Švenčionis. A wasu harsunan ana fassara sunan da Polish , Belarusian , Russian , Yiddish , da kuma German .

Tarihi

Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin garuruwa a Grand Duchy na Lithuania, mazaunin babban cibiyar Nalšia ne. Babban Duke Vytautas ya zaunar da Lipka Tatars a garin kuma ya gina cocin Katolika a shekara ta 1414. Wurin ya girma daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 16, inda ya zama wurin da kotuna da gidajen ibada na gida suka gina.

Bayan raba Poland da Lithuania a shekara ta 1795, Švenčionys ya shigo ƙarƙashin mulkin Rasha. Tun daga shekarar 1801, garin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Gundumar Vilna ta Rasha.

A lokacin mamayar da Faransa ta yi wa Rasha a shekarar 1812, Napoleon ya zauna a garin na tsawon awanni 12 don rubuta umarni da kuma karɓar jakada daga Sarkin Naples . ^[1] Garin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin tawayen Nuwamba (1830–1831) a Poland da Lithuania a kan Daular Rasha .

Ya girma sosai bayan kammala layin dogo na Saint Petersburg-Warsaw a shekarar 1862, amma daga ƙarshe Švenčionėliai ya yi nasara a kansa, wanda ya girma a kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa. A farkon karni na 20, garin yana da cocin Orthodox na Girka da kuma cocin Roman Katolika guda ɗaya. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, shi ne wurin da aka kai hari kan Sventiany na Jamus.

Birnin yana cikin Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu a mafi yawancin lokacin yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Cibiyar powiat ce a Wilno Voivodeship a matsayin Święciany a ƙarƙashin mulkin Poland tsakanin 1920 da 1939. Tana da yawan Yahudawa masu yawa (bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta Rasha ta 1897 - 52%), ^[2] amma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, a ƙarƙashin mamayar Jamus, an kafa Ghetto na Švenčionys . An fara aiki daga Yuli 1941 zuwa Afrilu 1943. A lokacin da aka kai kololuwar ginin, ghetto ya ɗauki fursunoni kusan 1,500. An kori Yahudawan da ke zaune a wurin aka kuma kashe su.

A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 1939, Rundunar Sojan Ja ta mamaye Švenčionys, kuma a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1939, aka haɗa ta cikin Rundunar Sojan Byelorussian SSR . Sojojin Soviet sun sanya shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Vileyka Oblast na Belorussian SSR a 1939, sannan suka sanya shi cikin Lithuanian SSR a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1940. Sojojin Jamus sun mamaye yankin Švenčionys daga 27 ga Yuni 1941 zuwa 7 ga Yuli 1944 kuma aka sanya shi ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Janarbezirk Litauen na Reichskommissariat Ostland . A shekarar 1942, ' Yan sandan Lithuania sun kashe ɗaruruwan 'yan Poland a ƙauyen . ^[3] Yawancin yankin birni ya ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare na Lithuanian SSR ban da yankin Ashmyany wanda aka sake haɗa shi cikin Belarus a shekarar 1944.

Fitattun mazauna

Yitzhak Arad (1926–2021), masanin tarihi na Isra'ila, darektan Yad Vashem daga 1972 zuwa 1993
Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1983), Rabbi kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Yahudawa
Mark Natanson (1850-1919), ɗan juyin juya halin Rasha
Wiktor Thomée (1881-1962), Janar na Yaren mutanen Poland
Franciszek Żwirko (1895-1932), ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Poland
Menke Katz (1906–1991), mawaƙin yaren Yiddish
Jacob Samuel Minkin (1885–1962), malamin addinin Kirista na Amurka, limamin asibiti, kuma ƙwararre kan addinin Hasidism

Manazarta

↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts* in 50 Governorates of the European Russia". Demoscope Weekly. Institute of Demography of the State University - Higher School of Economics.
↑ "PRZEGLĄD MEDIÓW - 15 marca 2005 r." (in Harshen Polan). Institute of National Remembrance. 2005-03-15. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11.

[1] Empty citation (help)

[2] "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts* in 50 Governorates of the European Russia". Demoscope Weekly. Institute of Demography of the State University - Higher School of Economics.

[3] "PRZEGLĄD MEDIÓW - 15 marca 2005 r." (in Harshen Polan). Institute of National Remembrance. 2005-03-15. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11.

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