Ɓataccen ruwa
 Ɓataccen ruwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
still waters (en)  |
Ruwan da ke da rauni yana nufin wuraren da ke keɓantacce (GIWs) da kuma rafukan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Ephemeral da rafukan tsaka-tsaki suna gudana akan lokaci kuma suna cikin matsayi na ruwa. Su ne waje da mafi ƙanƙanta mai tushe na hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwa. Wuraren dausayi keɓe suna wajen filin ambaliya kuma suna nuna ƙarancin haɗin saman ƙasa zuwa magudanan ruwa ko filayen ambaliya. Wuraren da ke keɓance yanki na yanki sun ƙunshi cikakkun ɓacin rai waɗanda sakamakon fluvial, aeolian, glacial da/ko tsarin geomorphological na bakin teku. Maiyuwa su zama sifofi na halitta ko kuma sakamakon sa hannun mutane. Ruwa masu rauni suna wakiltar babban rabon hanyoyin sadarwar kogi.[1]
Waɗannan jikunan ruwa suna nuna rauni ga rikice-rikice na yanayi da ɗan adam saboda ba su da alaƙa da yanayin ruwa, kuma galibi suna cikin yankin launin toka na ƙasashe da ka'idodin tsarin kula da ruwa na jihohi. A cikin Amurka, ana yin bitar matsayin kariyar GIWs da rafukan da ba a taɓa gani ba game da Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa.[1] Dangane da Dokar Tsarin Ruwa na Tarayyar Turai (EU) (WFD), an yi watsi da ƙananan magudanan ruwa, musamman a fannin aikin gona.[2]
Waɗannan jikunan ruwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ta ruwa da muhalli a ma'aunin gida-zuwa kama. Suna sarrafa ajiyar ruwa, datti a cikin hanyar sadarwa na magudanar ruwa, suna ƙara yawan tacewa da canji na biochemical. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ruwa mai rauni yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar halittu masu rai yayin da suke zama mafaka ga nau'ikan da ba su da yawa da hanyoyin ƙaura. Rafukan ruwan kai da keɓantattun wurare masu dausayi suna nuna haɗin gwiwar ruwa da muhalli ta hanyar tsatsauran ra'ayi da tsarin ruwa na ƙasa.[3]
Ma'anar, nau'ikan da rarraba ruwa masu rauni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ephemeral da magudanan ruwa masu tsaka-tsaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rafukan ruwan kai suna nufin mafi ƙanƙanta tashoshi na hanyar sadarwa na kogin, inda magudanar ruwa ke farawa. Ana la'akari da su koguna na farko zuwa na uku a cikin tsarin rarraba rafi na Strahler. Ƙayyadaddun rafi na tsaka-tsaki da na al'ada yana nufin ci gaba da gudana a cikin shekara guda. Rafi na ephemeral yana gudana a hankali, yana biye da hazo, yayin da rafi mai tsaka-tsaki yana gudana a cikin wani yanki na shekara. A cikin duka biyun, bushewar tashar ta haifar da teburin ruwa na gida yana raguwa a ƙasan gadon gado. Galibin rafukan da ke kan iyaka da na tsaka-tsaki suna cikin matsayi na ruwa, amma a cikin saitunan ƙasa, ƙananan rafukan da ke kan hanyar sadarwa na kogin na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko tsaka-tsaki.[4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Creed, Irena F.; Lane, Charles R.; Serran, Jacqueline N.; Alexander, Laurie C.; Basu, Nandita B.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Christensen, Jay R.; Cohen, Matthew J.; Craft, Christopher (November 2017). "Enhancing protection for vulnerable waters". Nature Geoscience. 10 (11): 809–815. Bibcode:2017NatGe..10..809C. doi:10.1038/ngeo3041. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6071434. PMID 30079098.
- ↑ Lassaletta, Luis; García-Gómez, Héctor; Gimeno, Benjamín S.; Rovira, José V. (2010). "Headwater streams: neglected ecosystems in the EU Water Framework Directive. Implications for nitrogen pollution control". Environmental Science & Policy. 13 (5): 423–433. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.04.005.
- ↑ , Matthew J.; Creed, Irena F.; Alexander, Laurie; Basu, Nandita B.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Craft, Christopher; D’Amico, Ellen; DeKeyser, Edward; Fowler, Laurie (2016-02-23). "Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (8): 1978–1986. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.1978C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1512650113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4776504. PMID 26858425
- ↑ Alexander, L. C., Autrey, B., DeMeester, J., Fritz, K. M., Golden, H. E., Goodrich, D. C., ... & McManus, M. G. (2015). Connectivity of streams and wetlands to downstream waters: review and synthesis of the scientific evidence (Vol. 475). EPA/600/R-14.