Ƙaddamar da kai na dijital
 Ƙaddamar da kai na dijital |
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Ƙaddamar da kai na dijital wani ra'ayi ne na nau'i-nau'i da yawa da aka samo daga ra'ayi na shari'a na ƙaddamar da kai da kuma amfani da shi zuwa yanayin dijital, don magance ƙalubale na musamman ga daidaikun mutane da hukumomin gama gari da cin gashin kai da ke tasowa tare da haɓaka dijital na yawancin al'amuran al'umma da rayuwar yau da kullum.
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu wani ra'ayi da aka yarda da shi ta hanyar falsafa ko bisa doka na ƙudirin kai na dijital tukuna. A faɗin magana, kalmar tana kwatanta ƙoƙarin aiwatar da tsarin yanke shawarar ɗan adam (kamar yadda aka fara bincike a cikin fannoni kamar falsafa da tunani, da kuma a cikin doka) zuwa zamanin dijital.
An haɗa wannan ra'ayi a cikin takaddar hukuma a karon farko ta ARCEP, Mai Kula da Harkokin Watsa Labarun Faransa, a cikin wani sashe na Rahotonta na 2021 kan Jihar Intanet,[1] yana bincika aikin "Ƙaddamar da Kai na Network"[2] wanda Farfesa Luca Belli ya gudanar.
Ƙaddamar da kai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Falsafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manufar ƙudirin kai yana da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi na ɗabi'a, mutunci, da 'yancin kai a cikin falsafar falsafar tsakiyar Turai wacce ta samo asali daga tunanin Immanuel Kant na 'yanci. Ƙaddamar da kai yana ɗaukan cewa ƴan adam ƙungiyoyi ne masu iya tunani da alhakin ayyukan da suka zaɓa na hankali da kuma cancantar ayyuka ('yancin kai), kuma ya kamata a bi da su daidai. A cikin tsara ma'anarsa mai mahimmanci (kategorischer Imperativ), Kant ya ba da shawarar cewa mutane, a matsayin yanayin cin gashin kansu, ba dole ba ne a yi la'akari da su a matsayin hanyar zuwa ƙarshe amma a matsayin ƙarshe a kanta. Hakazalika tsarin zaɓen kai yana nufin ba da dama ga 'yan adam masu cin gashin kansu su ƙirƙira, zaɓa da kuma bin nasu ainihi, aiki, da zaɓin rayuwa ba tare da tsangwama ba.
Ilimin halin dan Adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam, manufar ƙaddamar da kai yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da ka'idojin kai da kuma dalili na zahiri, watau shiga cikin hali ko aiki saboda yana da lada a zahiri don yin hakan, sabanin yunƙuri na waje ko matsin lamba, kamar ƙwaƙƙwaran kuɗi, matsayi, ko tsoro. A cikin wannan mahallin, ƙaddamar da kai da ƙwarin gwiwa na zahiri suna da alaƙa da jin ikon zaɓin mutum da halayensa kuma ana ɗaukar su zama dole don jin daɗin tunanin mutum. Ka'idar Ƙaddamar Kai (SDT), wanda masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Richard Ryan da Eduard Deci suka fara gabatarwa a cikin 1980s,[3][4] kuma ya ci gaba ta hanyar 1990s da 2000s, ya kasance mai tasiri sosai wajen tsara manufar yunƙurin kai a fagen ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Ryan da Deci's SDT sun ba da shawarar cewa ɗabi'un ɗaiɗaikun mutane suna da alaƙa da buƙatu na asali guda uku da na duniya: 'yancin kai, ƙwarewa, da alaƙa. 'Yancin kai yana nufin a nan ga buƙatar jin daɗin yanke shawarar matakin da mutum zai ɗauka. Ƙwarewa tana nufin buƙatu don samun iyawa da ƙwarewa don aiwatarwa da kuma kammala ɗabi'a mai ƙwazo cikin ingantacciyar hanya. A ƙarshe, alaƙa tana nufin buƙatun samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi da kula da zamantakewa da jin alaƙa da wasu. A cewar SDT, duk buƙatun guda uku dole ne a cika su don ingantacciyar aiki da jin daɗin tunani. Sai dai sauran masana ilimin halayyar dan adam kamar Barry Schwartz sun yi nuni da cewa idan aka dauki kaifin kai ga wuce gona da iri, 'yancin zabi zai iya rikidewa zuwa "zamani na zabi".[5] A wannan ra'ayi, samun ikon cin gashin kai da yawa da kuma zaɓi da yawa akan tsarin aikinmu ana iya ɗauka a matsayin mai wuce gona da iri, yana sa yanke shawararmu ya fi wahala, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da damuwa na tunani maimakon jin daɗi.
Doka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haƙƙin ɗan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A dokokin kasa da kasa, an san hakkin jama'a na cin gashin kansu a matsayin tsarin mulkin ius cogens. A nan, yancin kai yana nuni da cewa al'umma bisa mutunta ka'idar daidaito da daidaiton damammaki, suna da 'yancin zabar ikonsu cikin 'yanci, matsayinsu na siyasa, ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu ba tare da tsangwama ba. A cikin tsarin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa akan yancin ɗan adam da siyasa, da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al’adu.
- ↑ The State of Internet in France (PDF). ARCEP. 2021.
- ↑ Belli, Luca (2018). "Network self-determination: When building the Internet becomes a right". IETF Journal.
- ↑ Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Self-determination theory: When the mind mediates behavior. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 33-43
- ↑ Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
- ↑ Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. American psychologist, 55(1), 79.