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Ƙananan Dutsen Yankin Yankin Yamma

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Ƙananan Dutsen Yankin Yankin Yamma
Fig. 1 - matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya ya nuna cewa Little Ice Age ba lokaci ne na duniya ba, amma ƙarshen raguwar zafin jiki mai tsawo wanda ya riga ya riga ya wuce dumamar duniya ta baya-bayan nan.[1]

Little Ice Age volcanism yana nufin manyan ayyukan dutsen wuta a lokacin Little Ice Age . Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa dutsen wuta shine babban ƙarfin motsawar sanyaya na duniya tsakanin sauran abubuwan halitta, watau ayyukan sunspot ta hanyar tilasta orbital da iskar gas. The Past Global Change (PAGES), ƙungiyar paleo-science mai rijista don bincike na kimiyya da sadarwar kan canje-canjen duniya da suka gabata a Jami'ar Bern, Switzerland, sun ba da shawarar cewa daga 1630 zuwa 1850, an sami jimlar manyan fashewa 16 da abubuwan sanyaya.[2] Lokacin da dutsen mai fitattun wuta ya fashe, toka ya fashe daga cikin iska tare da magma kuma ya zama girgije a cikin yanayi. Yankin yana aiki ne a matsayin Layer mai warewa wanda ke toshe wani rabo na hasken rana, yana haifar da sanyaya duniya. Sakamakon sanyaya na duniya yana tasiri ga raƙuman teku, yaduwar yanayi kuma yana haifar da tasirin zamantakewa kamar fari da yunwa. Saboda haka yaƙe-yaƙe da tawaye sun tashi a duk duniya a cikin Little Ice Age. An ba da shawarar cewa rikicin da ya faru a Daular Ottoman da Ming-Qing Transition a kasar Sin misalai ne na musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Little Ice Age.

Volcanism a lokacin Little Ice Age

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Hoto na 2 - yana nuna tsarin dutsen wuta. Magma ya tsere daga ɗakin magma kuma ya samar da yadudduka daban-daban a cikin fashewa daban-daban. Har ila yau, fashewar ta fitar da toka da iskar gas daban-daban.

Manyan lokutan sanyaya guda uku

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Babban lokutan sanyaya guda uku da suka haifar da fashewar dutse a cikin 1641-1642, 1667-1694 da 1809-1831 bi da bi.[3] Har ila yau, wasu manyan fashewar dutsen wuta sun haifar da faduwar zafin jiki. A lokacin Little Ice Age, duk manyan fashewar dutsen wuta sun kasance stratovolcano, wanda aka fi sani da hadaddun dutsen wuta. An gina su ne ta hanyar tserewa daga magma ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin dubban shekaru, an tara su cikin yadudduka. Babban adadin sulfate da toka na dutsen wuta sun tsere daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta, wanda ya haifar da raguwar zafin jiki.

Sauran manyan fashewar dutse

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  • Long Island, New Guinea (1660)
  • Usu, Japan (1663)
  • Dutsen Fuji, Japan (1707)
  • Shikotsu (Tarumae), Japan (1739)
  • St Helens, Washington, Amurka (1800)

*Dukan fashewar dutsen wuta suna da ƙididdigar fashewar wuta (VEI) na 5 ko sama. Yana nufin cewa yawan iskar gas da aerosols da aka fitar sun fi 1 km3 kuma tsawo na fashewa ya fi 25 km.  

Manyan fashewar dutsen wuta a lokacin Little Ice Age [4]
Dutsen wuta Shekara Yankin Lokacin VEI Tasiri / Fasali Nau'o'in Dutsen wuta
Komaga-Take Volcano 31 ga Yulin 1640 [5] Japan 3 6 Girgizar Volcanic ta haifar da Tsunami wanda ya kai Atokuchi-Yama . Kaurin Ash ya kai 1-2 m.[5] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Dutsen Villarica Fabrairu 1640 Chile ba a sani ba ba a sani ba "Ya fara fashewa da irin wannan karfi cewa ya fitar da duwatsu masu cin wuta... Ash mai cin wuta ya fadi cikin kogin Alipen cewa ruwan ya ƙone ta hanyar da ya dafa dukkan kifi a nan. " (Parker, 2013) [6] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Dutsen Parker mai fitattun wuta 1641 Philippines 1 5 Fashewar ta haifar da mummunar kwararar pyroclastic da kuma zubar da toka da duhu a kan tsibirin Mindanao . [7] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Long Island 1660 Sabuwar Guinea ba a sani ba 6 Fashewar ita ce mafi girman fashewa a tarihin Papua New Guinea, tare da ƙididdigar iska da ta wuce 11 km3 [8]  Dutsen Stratovolcano
Ya saba 1663 Japan 3 6 2.5 km3 rhyolitic pumice fall da aka ajiye a gabas ya kai kimanin 1 m kauri a bakin tekun Shiraoi.[9]  Dutsen Stratovolcano
Shikotsu (Tarumae) 1667 Japan 4 5 Wani karamin caldera mai faɗin kilomita 1.5 ya samo asali a lokacin fashewar (babban fashewar tarihi na Hokkaido) [10]  Dutsen Stratovolcano
Gamkonora 1673 Halmahera 2 5? An samar da tsunami wanda ya mamaye ƙauyuka.[11] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Tongkoko 1680 Sulawesi ba a sani ba 5 Tserewa daga aerosols ya kasance mai girma a cikin stratosphere kuma an sami wakilai a cikin Greenland Ice cores.[12] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Fuji 16 ga Disamba 1707 Japan 1 5 An tsere da m3 miliyan 800 na toka kuma toka ya kai kuma ya rufe kilomita 100 daga nesa. Ya haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa.  Dutsen Stratovolcano
Shikotsu (Tarumae) 1739 Japan 3 5 Yawan zoben itace na shekara-shekara ya canza a cikin 1740. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa fashewar ta shafi yanayi.[4] Dutsen Stratovolcano
St Helens 1800 Amurka 1 5 Ya fara lokacin fashewar Goat Rocks kuma an sake fashewar har zuwa shekarun 1850.[13] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Tambora 10 Afrilu 1815 Indonesia 2 7 Wannan shi ne fashewa mafi girma a duniya tun ƙarshen zamanin kankara.[14] Ash da hayaki sun rufe Arewacin Hemisphere kuma sun haifar da "Shekara ba tare da bazara ba".[15] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Dutsen Galunggung 1822 Indonesia ba a sani ba 5 Ruwan laka ya kashe mutane sama da 4000 kuma ya lalata kauyuka sama da 114.[16] Dutsen Stratovolcano
Cosigüina Volcano 1835 Nicaragua 1 5 Wannan shi ne mafi girman fashewar dutse a Amurka ta tsakiya tun lokacin mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya. jimlar adadin ajiya ya kasance kusan 6 km3 [17]  Dutsen Stratovolcano

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Hawkins, Ed (January 30, 2020). "2019 years". climate-lab-book.ac.uk. Archived from the original on February 2, 2020. ("The data show that the modern period is very different to what occurred in the past. The often quoted Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are real phenomena, but small compared to the recent changes.")
  2. ↑ Crowley, Thomas (2008). "Volcanism and the Little Ice Age". PAGES. 16 (2): 22–23. doi:10.22498/pages.16.2.22.
  3. ↑ Crowley, Thomas (2008). "Volcanism and the Little Ice Age". PAGES. 16 (2): 22–23. doi:10.22498/pages.16.2.22.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Briffa, K.R (1998). "Influence of Volcanic Eruptions on Northern Hemisphere Summer Temperature over the Past 600 Years". Nature. 393 (6684): 450–55. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..450B. doi:10.1038/30943. S2CID 4392636 – via Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Komagatake：Eruptions of Komagatake Volcano in historical times". gbank.gsj.jp. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  7. ↑ "Parker volcano". Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  8. ↑ Hoffman, Gary (2008). "Volcanic flow deposits on the flanks of Long Island, Papua New Guinea: lavas or pyroclastics?". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
  9. ↑ "Usu：Eruptions of historical times Characteristics of the eruptions of historical times". gbank.gsj.jp. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  10. ↑ "Tarumae：4: History of activities of Tarumae Volcano Summary of activities". gbank.gsj.jp. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  11. ↑ "Gamkonora | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  12. ↑ "Tongkoko". www.volcanodiscovery.com (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  13. ↑ "The Eruptive History of Mount St. Helens | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  14. ↑ Stothers, Richard B. (1984). "The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath". Science. 224 (4654): 1191–98. Bibcode:1984Sci...224.1191S. doi:10.1126/science.224.4654.1191. PMID 17819476. S2CID 23649251.
  15. ↑ "This Day In History: Mount Tambora Explosively Erupts in 1815 | NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)". www.nesdis.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  16. ↑ "Galunggung | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  17. ↑ Scott, William E.; Gardner, Cynthia A.; Devoli, Graziella; Alvarez, Antonio (2006). "The A.D. 1835 eruption of Volcán Cosigüina, Nicaragua: A guide for assessing local volcanic hazards". GSA Special Papers. 412: 167187. Bibcode:2006GSASP.412..167S. doi:10.1130/2006.2412(09).
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