Ƙananan Nubia
 Ƙananan Nubia | |
|---|---|
| yankin taswira |
Lower Nubia (wanda kuma ake kira Wawat) [1] [2] shine mafi arewacin Nubia, wanda ke kusa da Tafkin Nasser na zamani, wanda ya mamaye yankin tarihi a cikin shekarun 1960 tare da gina Babban Dam na Aswan . Yawancin tsoffin wuraren tunawa na Lower Nubian, da dukan jama'arta na zamani, an sake su a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yakin Duniya don Ceton abubuwan tunawa na Nubia; Qasr Ibrim shine kawai babban wurin binciken archaeological wanda ba a sake shi ba ko kuma a nutse. Ayyukan archaeological da aka gudanar kafin ambaliyar ruwa yana nufin cewa tarihin yankin ya fi sananne fiye da na Upper Nubia. A cewar David Wengrow, tsarin mulkin Nubian na A-Group na ƙarshen karni na 4 KZ ba a fahimta sosai ba tunda yawancin ragowar archaeological sun nutse a ƙarƙashin Tafkin Nasser.
An kuma san tarihinta daga doguwar dangantakar da take da ita da Masar, musamman makwabciyar Upper Egypt. An bayyana yankin a tarihi a matsayin tsakanin Tarihin Farko da Na Biyu, waɗanda yanzu suna cikin Tafkin Nasser. Yankin an san shi da masu ilimin ƙasa na Girka da Romawa kamar Triakontaschoinos.
Yana ƙasa a kan Kogin Nilu daga Upper Nubia.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya, Masar ta mamaye Lower Nubia. lokacin da Masarawa suka janye a lokacin Tsakanin Tsakanin na biyu, Lower Nubia da alama ya zama wani ɓangare na Upper Nubian Kingdom of Kerma. Sabon Masarautar ta mamaye duk Nubia kuma Lower Nubia an haɗa shi sosai a cikin Misira, amma tare da Lokaci na Uku na Tsakanin ya zama cibiyar jihar Kush mai zaman kanta da ke Napata a wani lokaci. Wataƙila a kusa da 591 KZ an canja babban birnin Kush zuwa kudu zuwa Meroe kuma Lower Nubia ya mamaye tsibirin Meroe.
Tare da faduwar Daular Meroitic a ƙarni na huɗu AD yankin ya zama gida ga X-Group, wanda aka fi sani da Al'adun Ballana waɗanda watakila Nobatae ne. Wannan ya samo asali ne a cikin jihar Kirista ta Nobatia a ƙarni na biyar. Nobatia ta haɗu da jihar Upper Nubian ta Makuria, amma Lower Nubia ta zama mafi yawan Arabiya da Islamicized kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama mai zaman kanta a matsayin jihar al-Maris. Yawancin Lower Nubia an haɗa su da Masar a hukumance a lokacin mamayar Ottoman na 1517, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Masar tun daga wannan lokacin, tare da kudancin Sudan kawai.
Harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shaidar harshe ta nuna cewa ana magana da yarukan Cushitic a Lower Nubia, wani tsohuwar yankin da ke kewaye da Kudancin Masar na yanzu da wani ɓangare na Arewacin Sudan, kuma ana magana da harsunan Nilo-Sahara a Upper Nubia zuwa kudu (ta mutanen Al'adun Kerma), tare da yarukan Arewa maso Gabashin Sudan daga Upper Nubie daga baya sun maye gurbin yarukan Cshitic na Lower Nubia.[3][4][5]
Julien Cooper (2017) ya bayyana cewa a zamanin d ̄ a, ana magana da yarukan Cushitic a Lower Nubia (ƙananan arewacin Sudan na zamani):
A zamanin d ̄ a, harsunan Afroasiatic a Sudan sun kasance daga cikin phylum da aka sani da Cushitic, ana magana a gabashin tekun Afirka da kuma daga Sudan zuwa Kenya, gami da tsaunukan Habasha.
Julien Cooper (2017) ya kuma bayyana cewa mutanen da ke magana da harshen Sudan na Gabas daga kudanci da yammacin Nubia a hankali sun maye gurbin mutanen da ke iya magana da harshen Cushitic na wannan yankin:
A Lower Nubia akwai harshen Afroasiatic, mai yiwuwa reshe ne na Cushitic. A ƙarshen karni na farko AZ an mamaye wannan yankin kuma an maye gurbinsa da masu magana da harshen Sudan na Gabas da suka zo daga kudu da yamma, don a gano su da farko tare da Meroitic kuma daga baya ƙaura da ke tattare da masu magana na Nubian.
A cikin Handbook of Ancient Nubia, Claude Rilly (2019) ya bayyana cewa harsunan Cushitic sun taɓa mamaye Lower Nubia tare da harshen Masar na Dā. Rilly (2019) ya ce: "Harsuna biyu na Afro-Asiatic sun kasance a zamanin d ̄ a a Nubia, wato Tsohon Masar da Cushitic. "
Rilly (2019) ya ambaci tarihin tarihi na tseren Cushitic mai ƙarfi wanda ke sarrafa Lower Nubia da wasu biranen Upper Egypt. Rilly (2019) ya ce: "Blemmyes wata kabila ce mai magana da harshen Cushitic, ko kuma wataƙila wani yanki ne na mutanen Medjay / Beja, wanda aka tabbatar a cikin Napatan da matani na Masar daga karni na 6 BC zuwa gaba. "
A shafi na 134: "Daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 4 har zuwa ƙarni na 6 AD, sun mallaki ɓangarorin Lower Nubia da wasu biranen Upper Egypt. "
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Roxana Flammini, "Ancient Core-Periphery Interactions: Lower Nubia A lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya ta Masar (ca. 2050-1640 BC) ", a cikin Journal of World Systems Research, Volume XIV, Number 1 (2008) PDF (yana tattauna ra'ayi na Masar game da Nubia a lokacin Tsakiyar da Sabon Masarauta).
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Coates, Ta-Nehisi (2009-12-11). "The Gathering Of My Name". The Atlantic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-09-29.
- ↑ Ferreira, Eduardo (2019-01-05). "The Lower Nubian Egyptian Fortresses in the Middle Kingdom: A Strategic Point of View" (PDF). Athens Journal of History. 5 (1): 32. doi:10.30958/ajhis.5-1-2.
- ↑ Rilly C (2010). "Recent Research on Meroitic, the Ancient Language of Sudan" (PDF). Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Rilly C (January 2016). "The Wadi Howar Diaspora and its role in the spread of East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE". Faits de Langues. 47: 151–163. doi:10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000010. S2CID 134352296.
- ↑ Cooper J (2017). "Toponymic Strata in Ancient Nubian placenames in the Third and Second Millennium BCE: a view from Egyptian Records". Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies. 4. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23.