Ƙananan Shekarar Ice
 Ƙananan Shekarar Ice | |
|---|---|
| Shekarar kankara | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na |
Subatlantic age (en)  |
| Named by (en) |
François E. Matthes (mul) |
| Mabiyi |
Medieval Warm Period (en) |
| Ta biyo baya | Canjin yanayi |
| Lokacin farawa | 1303 (Gregorian) |
| Lokacin gamawa | 1850 |
| Has cause (en) |
Spörer Minimum (en) , Maunder Minimum (en) da Dalton Minimum (en) |
Little Ice Age (LIA) wani lokaci ne na sanyaya yanki, musamman a yankin Arewacin Atlantic. Ba zamanin kankara na gaskiya ba ne na duniya.[2] François E. Matthes ne ya gabatar da kalmar a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya a cikin 1939. An bayyana lokacin ne a al'ada kamar yadda ya kai daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19, amma wasu masana sun fi son wani madadin lokaci daga kimanin 1300 zuwa kimanin 1850. [3] [5][4][5][6]
NASA Earth Observatory ya lura da lokuta uku na sanyi. Ɗaya ya fara ne game da 1650, wani game da 1770, kuma na ƙarshe a cikin 1850, dukansu an raba su da ɗan gajeren zafi.[3] Rahoton Bincike na Uku na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ya yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da yankunan da LIA ta shafa sun ba da shawarar sauye-sauyen yanayi na yanki masu zaman kansu, maimakon karuwar kankara a duniya. A mafi yawancin, akwai sanyaya mai sauƙi na Arewacin Hemisphere a lokacin.[2]
An gabatar da dalilai da yawa: ƙarancin cyclical a cikin hasken rana, haɓakar aikin dutsen wuta, canje-canje a cikin yaduwar teku, bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin duniya da kuma karkatawar axial (tilastawar orbital), bambancin yanayi na duniya, da raguwa a cikin yawan mutane (kamar daga kisan kiyashi na Genghis Khan, Black Death da annoba da ke fitowa a Amurka a kan tuntuɓar Turai [7]).
Yankunan da ke ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Rahoton Bincike na Uku na Canjin Yanayi (TAR) na 2001 ya bayyana yankunan da abin ya shafa:
Evidence from mountain glaciers does suggest increased glaciation in a number of widely spread regions outside Europe prior to the twentieth century, including Alaska, New Zealand and Patagonia. However, the timing of maximum glacial advances in these regions differs considerably, suggesting that they may represent largely independent regional climate changes, not a globally-synchronous increased glaciation. Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries. ... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.[2]
Yin soyayya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babu wata yarjejeniya game da lokacin da Little Ice Age ya fara, amma jerin abubuwan da suka faru kafin a san mafi ƙarancin yanayi sau da yawa ana ambaton su. A cikin karni na 13, kankara ya fara ci gaba zuwa kudu a Arewacin Atlantic, kamar yadda kankara a Greenland suka yi. Shaidar da aka bayar ta nuna fadada kankara kusan a duk duniya. Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon na kimanin samfurori 150 na kayan shuke-shuke da suka mutu tare da tushen da aka tattara daga ƙarƙashin kankara a Tsibirin Baffin da Iceland, Miller et al. (2012) [8] sun bayyana cewa lokacin sanyi da ci gaban kankara sun fara kwatsam tsakanin 1275 da 1300, sannan "mai karfi sosai" daga 1430 zuwa 1455.[8]
Sabanin haka, sake fasalin yanayi wanda ya danganci tsawon glacial [9] bai nuna babban bambanci daga 1600 zuwa 1850 ba amma koma baya mai karfi daga baya.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hawkins, Ed (30 January 2020). "2019 years". climate-lab-book.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. "The data show that the modern period is very different to what occurred in the past. The often quoted Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are real phenomena, but small compared to the recent changes."
- 1 2 3 "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis". UNEP/GRID-Arendal. Archived from the original on 29 May 2006. Retrieved 2 August 2007. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Was there a 'Little Ice Age' and a 'Medieval Warm Period'?" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 "Earth observatory Glossary L–N". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Green Belt, Maryland: NASA. Retrieved 17 July 2015. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NASA Glossary" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Miller, Gifford H.; Geirsdóttir, Áslaug; Zhong, Yafang; Larsen, Darren J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Holland, Marika M.; Bailey, David A.; Refsnider, Kurt A.; Lehman, Scott J.; Southon, John R.; Anderson, Chance; Björnsson, Helgi; Thordarson, Thorvaldur (30 January 2012). "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (2): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.2708M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.639.9076. doi:10.1029/2011GL050168. S2CID 15313398.
- ↑ Matthews, John A.; Briffa, Keith R. (2005). "The 'little ice age': Re-evaluation of an evolving concept". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 87 (1): 17–36. Bibcode:2005GeAnA..87...17M. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2005.00242.x. S2CID 4832081.
- ↑ "1.4.3 Solar Variability and the Total Solar Irradiance – AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science". Ipcc.ch. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
- ↑ Koch, Alexander; Brierley, Chris; Maslin, Mark M.; Lewis, Simon L. (1 March 2019). "Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492". Quaternary Science Reviews. 207: 13–36. Bibcode:2019QSRv..207...13K. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004.
- 1 2 Miller, Gifford H.; Geirsdóttir, Áslaug; Zhong, Yafang; Larsen, Darren J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Holland, Marika M.; Bailey, David A.; Refsnider, Kurt A.; Lehman, Scott J.; Southon, John R.; Anderson, Chance; Björnsson, Helgi; Thordarson, Thorvaldur (30 January 2012). "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (2): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.2708M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.639.9076. doi:10.1029/2011GL050168. S2CID 15313398.
- ↑ "Worldwide glacier retreat". RealClimate. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- ↑ Oerlemans, J. (2005). "Extracting a Climate Signal from 169 Glacier Records" (PDF). Science. 308 (5722): 675–677. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..675O. doi:10.1126/science.1107046. PMID 15746388. S2CID 26585604.