Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ice Age
 Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ice Age | |
|---|---|
| Shekarar kankara | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | canjin yanayi |
| Bangare na |
Subatlantic age (en)  |
| Mabiyi |
Roman Warm Period (en) |
| Ta biyo baya |
Medieval Warm Period (en) |
| Lokacin farawa | 400 |
| Lokacin gamawa | 700 |
Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) wani lokaci ne mai tsawo na Arewacin Hemispheric a cikin ƙarni na 6 da 7 AD, a lokacin da aka sani da Late Antiquity . Lokacin ya yi daidai da manyan fashewar dutse guda uku a cikin 535/536, 539/540 da 547. Lokacin 2 °C (3.6 °F) shine farkon abin da ya faru na raguwar zafin jiki na duniya na tsawon ƙarni. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya ba da shawarar sanyaya duniya na 2 ° C (3.6 ° F). [2] Wannan lokacin ya ba da gudummawa ga faduwar Daular Romawa kuma ya rinjayi lokacin ƙaura na biyu, da farko na Slavs na farko.
Kalmar nan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar da ra'ayi an fara kirkirar su kuma an bayyana su a watan Fabrairun 2016, a cikin labarin Nature Geoscience mai taken "Kayan sanyi da canjin al'umma a lokacin Late Antique Little Ice Age daga 536 zuwa kusan 660 AD" ta Ulf Büntgen, da sauransu.[3]
Fashewar fashewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gabatar da kasancewar lokacin sanyaya a matsayin ka'idar a cikin 2015, kuma daga baya aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin lokacin daga AD 536 zuwa kusan 660. [4] An ba da shawarar fashewar dutsen wuta, meteorites da ke mamaye farfajiyar duniya, da kuma raguwar comet da ke fashewa a cikin sararin samaniya don sanyaya yanayi a cikin 536 da kuma bayan haka. Matsalar ita ce ba a sami wani rami mai tasiri ga meteorite ba, duk da cewa an bincika yankin ƙasa da kuma wuraren teku don shaidar. Yankin comet rabin kilomita a girman fashewa a cikin yanayi na iya haifar da tarin tarkace a Duniya kuma ya haifar da yanayi don sanyaya yanayi.[5] Yawancin shaidu, duk da haka, suna nuna fashewar dutsen da ke faruwa a cikin 536, 540, kuma mai yiwuwa 547, kodayake ba a tantance wurin dutsen mai fitattun wuta ko tsaunuka ba. An gabatar da wurare kamar Tavurvur a Papua New Guinea, Ilopango a El Salvador, da Krakatau a Indonesia.[6]
Bincike a cikin 2018 ya bincika ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara daga kankara a Switzerland kuma ya dace da ƙwayoyin gilashi a cikin ƙwayoyin tare da duwatsun dutse daga Iceland, yana mai da tsibirin ƙasar mai yiwuwa ga tushen fashewar 536, kodayake Arewacin Amurka ma wuri ne mai yiwuwa.[7] Shaidu sun nuna cewa Ilopango a El Salvador shine tushen fashewar 539/540. Binciken kankara na Bipolar ya nuna cewa wannan fashewar ta faru ne a cikin wurare masu zafi, kuma binciken zoben itace kusa da Ilopango ya sami shaidar fashewar mai yiwuwa a cikin 540. Koyaya, wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, yana nazarin wasu shaidu, ya nuna cewa fashewar Ilopango ta kasance zuwa 431, don haka batun bai warware ba.[2][8] Fashewar, duk inda take, ta sanya karin aerosols a cikin yanayi fiye da fashewar Dutsen Tambora na 1815, wanda ya haifar da Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba.[9] Wani fashewa, wurin da ba a sani ba, ya faru a cikin 547.[7] Ƙarin shaidu sun fito ne daga sake fasalin zafin jiki daga ƙungiyar aiki ta Euro-Med2k na aikin PAGES na duniya (Gwamnatin Duniya ta baya) wanda ya yi amfani da sabbin ma'aunin zoben itace daga Dutsen Altai, wanda ya dace da yanayin zafi a cikin Alps a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata.[3][10]
Tasirin fashewar dutsen wuta shine abin da aka sani da hunturu na dutsen wuta. A cikin hunturu na dutsen wuta na 536, yanayin zafi na rani ya fadi da digiri 2.5 na Celsius (4.5 digiri Fahrenheit) ƙasa da al'ada a Turai. ("Normal" masana kimiyya suna ɗaukarsa matsakaicin yanayin zafi na lokacin 1961-1990.) Tasirin da ke ci gaba na hunturu na dutsen wuta na 536 ya karu a cikin 539-540, lokacin da fashewar dutsen wuta ta biyu ta haifar da yanayin zafi na rani ya ragu har zuwa digiri 2.7 Celsius (4.9 digiri Fahrenheit) ƙasa da al'ada a Turai.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hawkins, Ed (January 30, 2020). "2019 years". climate-lab-book.ac.uk. Archived from the original on February 2, 2020. ("The data show that the modern period is very different to what occurred in the past. The often quoted Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are real phenomena, but small compared to the recent changes.")
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greshko, Michael (23 August 2019). "Colossal Volcano behind 'Mystery' Global Cooling Finally Found". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Greshko" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Büntgen, Ulf; Myglan, Vladimir S.; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; McCormick, Michael; Di Cosmo, Nicola; Sigl, Michael; Jungclaus, Johann; Wagner, Sebastian; Krusic, Paul J.; Esper, Jan; Kaplan, Jed O.; De Vaan, Michiel A. C.; Luterbacher, Jürg; Wacker, Lukas; Tegel, Willy (2016). "Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD". Nature Geoscience. 9 (3): 231–236. Bibcode:2016NatGe...9..231B. doi:10.1038/ngeo2652. ISSN 1752-0894. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Buntgen" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Büntgen, Ulf; Myglan, Vladimir S.; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; McCormick, Michael; Di Cosmo, Nicola; Sigl, Michael; Jungclaus, Johann; Wagner, Sebastian; Krusic, Paul J.; Esper, Jan; Kaplan, Jed O.; De Vaan, Michiel A. C.; Luterbacher, Jürg; Wacker, Lukas; Tegel, Willy (2016). "Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD". Nature Geoscience. 9 (3): 231–236. Bibcode:2016NatGe...9..231B. doi:10.1038/ngeo2652. ISSN 1752-0894.
- ↑ Rigby, Emma; Symonds, Melissa; Ward-Thompson, Derek (February 2004). "A comet impact in AD 536". Astronomy & Geophysics. Vol. 45, No. 1. Oxford Academic. 45: 1.23–1.26. Bibcode:2004A&G....45a..23R. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x. ISSN 1366-8781. S2CID 121589992.
- ↑ Bressan, David. "The Elusive Volcanic Eruptions that Plunged Europe into the Dark Ages". Forbes. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gibbons, Ann. ""The worst year to be alive" Glacier cores reveal Icelandic volcano that plunged Europe into darkness". doi:10.1126/science.aaw0632. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 189287084. Retrieved 20 November 2021. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Smith, Victoria C.; Costa, Antonio; Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo; Pedrazzi, Dario; Scifo, Andrea; Plunkett, Gill; Poret, Mattieu; Tournigand, Pierre-Yves; Miles, Dan; Dee, Michael W.; McConnell, Joseph R.; Sunyé-Puchol, Ivan; Harris, Pablo Dávila; Sigl, Michael; Pilcher, Jonathan R. (20 October 2020). "The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (42): 26061–26068. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726061S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2003008117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7584997. PMID 32989145.
- ↑ Dull, Robert A. (2019). "Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal 'mystery' eruption of 539/540 CE". Quaternary Science Reviews. 222: 105855. Bibcode:2019QSRv..22205855D. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.037. ISSN 0277-3791. S2CID 202190161.
- ↑ "New 'Little Ice Age' coincides with fall of Eastern Roman Empire and growth of Arab Empire". Heritage Daily. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2017.