Ƙin yarda
Ƙin yarda, a cikin amfani da Turanci, yana da aƙalla ma'anoni uku: kin yarda
- da'awar cewa duk wani takamaiman sanarwa ko zargi, wanda gaskiyarsa ba ta da tabbas, ba gaskiya bane;
- ƙin buƙata; kuma
- da'awar cewa sanarwa ta gaskiya ƙarya ce.
A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ƙin yarda shine zaɓin mutum na ƙin gaskiyar a matsayin hanyar guje wa gaskiyar da ba ta jin daɗi.
A cikin ra'ayin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Freud (psychoanalytic theory), ƙaryata gaskiya (denial) wata hanya ce ta kare kai (defense mechanism) inda mutum ke fuskantar wani abu ko gaskiya da ba shi da sauƙin yarda da ita, sai ya ƙi karɓarta, yana nacewa cewa ba gaskiya ba ce ko da kuwa akwai shaidu masu yawa da ke nuna haka. Ma'anar ƙaryata gaskiya na da muhimmanci a cikin shirin gyaran hali na matakai goma sha biyu (twelve-step programs), inda yarda da cewa matsalar dogaro da kwayoyi ko barasa (substance dependence) wata matsala ce, ko fitar da kai daga ƙaryata hakan, ke zama ginshikin mataki na farko, na huɗu, na biyar, na takwas, da na goma.
Mutanen da ke nuna alamun mummunar yanayin kiwon lafiya wani lokacin suna musanta ko yin watsi da waɗannan alamun saboda ra'ayin samun matsala mai tsanani ba shi da kyau ko damuwa. Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amirka ta nuna musantawa a matsayin babban dalilin da ya sa maganin ciwon zuciya ya jinkirta.[1] Saboda alamun sun bambanta sosai, kuma sau da yawa suna da wasu dalilai masu yuwuwa, akwai damar da mai haƙuri ya musanta gaskiyar gaggawa, sau da yawa tare da mummunan sakamako. Ya zama ruwan dare ga marasa lafiya su jinkirta gwajin da aka ba da shawarar ko wasu gwaje-gwaje saboda tsoron ciwon daji, kodayake wannan yawanci yana kara tabarbarewar Sakamakon kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci.[2]
Ilimin halayyar dan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙin yarda na ɗan gajeren lokaci na farko na iya zama abu mai kyau, yana ba da lokaci don daidaitawa da batun mai raɗaɗi ko damuwa. Hakanan yana iya zama farkon yin wani irin canji a rayuwar mutum. Amma musantawa na iya zama mai cutarwa; idan musantawa ta ci gaba kuma ta hana mutum daukar mataki mai dacewa, amsa ce mai cutarwa.[3]
A cikin siyasa da tattalin arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu mutanen da aka sani da ƙin yarda da gaskiyar tarihi ko kimiyya da al'umma ko masana suka yarda da su, saboda dalilai na siyasa ko tattalin arziki, an kira su masu ƙin yarda ko Masu bi na gaskiya. Misalan musantawa a cikin wannan mahallin sun haɗa da:
- Ƙaryata canjin yanayi
- Ƙin yarda da juyin halitta
- Yunkurin musanta zaben a Amurka
- Rashin yarda da tarihi (kamar musanta Holocaust)
- Karkatar da cutar kanjamau / cutar kanjamawa
- Al'ummomin duniya na zamani
A cikin mahallin addini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Sabon Alkawari, an san ƙungiyar Sadduce ta Yahudawa saboda ƙin yarda da imanin da wasu sassan al'ummar Yahudawa ke riƙewa: ba su yi imani da tashin matattu ba ko kuma kasancewar Mala'iku da ruhohi.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Closed circle
- Closeted
- Cognitive dissonance
- Confirmation bias
- Cover-up
- Deniable encryption
- Foreclosure
- Lie
- Moral blindness
- Narcissistic defence sequences
- Non-apology apology
- Non-denial denial
- Plausible deniability
- Polite fiction
- Scotomization
- Self-deception
- Self-fulfilling prophecy
- Skepticism
- The Politics of Denial
- Willful blindness
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ornato Joseph P.; Hand Mary M. (2014-03-18). "Warning Signs of a Heart Attack". Circulation. 129 (11): e393–e395. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006126. PMID 24637436.
- ↑ Rivera-Franco, Monica M; Leon-Rodriguez, Eucario (2018-01-08). "Delays in Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment in Developing Countries". Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research. 12. doi:10.1177/1178223417752677. ISSN 1178-2234. PMC 5802601. PMID 29434475.
- ↑ "Stuck in denial? How to move on". Mayo Clinic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
Ƙarin karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Sharot, T.; Korn, C. W.; Dolan, R. J. (2011). "How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality". Nature Neuroscience. 14 (11): 1475–9. doi:10.1038/nn.2949. PMC 3204264. PMID 21983684.
- Izuma, K.; Adolphs, R. (2011). "The brain's rose-colored glasses". Nature Neuroscience. 14 (11): 1355–6. doi:10.1038/nn.2960. PMID 22030541. S2CID 22368367.
- Travis, A. C.; Pawa, S.; LeBlanc, J. K.; Rogers, A. I. (2011). "Denial: What is it, how do we recognize it, and what should we do about it?". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 106 (6): 1028–30. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.466. PMID 21637266. S2CID 37719358.
- Vos, M. S.; de Haes, H. J. C. M. (2011). "Denial indeed is a process". Lung Cancer. 72 (1): 138. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.01.026. PMID 21377573.