Ƙungiyar 'yan kishin ƙasa ta Moroko
 Ƙungiyar 'yan kishin ƙasa ta Moroko | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | jam'iyyar siyasa |
| Ƙasa | Moroko |
Harkar kishin kasa ta Moroko 'yan kishin ƙasa Larabawa[1] ne da ƙungiyar Pan-Arabist[2] a Maroko wanda ke adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa. Sarkin Moroko Mohammed bin Youssef ne ya jagorance ta.[3] Yawancin shugabanninta sun fito ne daga jam'iyyar Istiqlal.[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa wannan yunkuri ne a cikin shekarar 1925 a tsakanin ɗalibai masu ilimi a Rabat waɗanda suka kafa kungiyoyin asiri don yaɗa adawa ga ƙaruwar tsoma bakin Faransa. A shekara ta 1927, ta tuntubi ƙungiyar Salafiyya wadda shugabanta shi ne Allal al-Fassi, kuma dukansu biyu suna da nufin gyara addini da tabbatar da 'yancin kai na siyasar Morocco.[5]
Lokacin da mahukuntan Faransa suka ayyana Berber Dahir a shekara ta 1930, ƙungiyar ta juya daga ƴan ƙaramar ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka zuwa wata shahararriyar rundunar adawa da mulkin daular da ke adawa da ci gaba da mulkin mallaka na Faransa. Berber Dahir ya maye gurbin tsarin Shari'ar Musulunci a yankunan Berber da tsoffin dokokin Berber kafin Musulunci. Yawancin masu kishin ƙasa suna kallon hakan a matsayin wani yunƙuri na Faransawa na raunana ikon Makhzen da kuma ƙarfafa yancin cin gashin kan ƙabilun Berber, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar nuna adawa da Faransa a duk garuruwan Morocco. Yariman Lebanon Shakib Arslan ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin shaida na yunkurin kawar da Musulunci daga Maroko. A watan Mayun 1930, sungiyoyin buraguzan ƙasar sun ƙalubalanci mahukuntan ƙasar ta hanyar zanga-zangar adawa da abin da ake kira Berber dahir (akata), wanda ya maye gurbin Musulunci da dokokin al'ada a yawancin yankunan karkara, don haka da nufin wargaza al'ummar Moroko.[6]
A cikin watan Disamba 1934, wani ƙaramin rukuni na shugabannin kishin ƙasa sun kafa kwamitin Aiki na Moroccan. Sun gabatar da shirin gyare-gyare ga Sarkin Musulmi, Janar mazauna da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Faransa, suna kira da a mayar da mulkin kai tsaye, haɗewar tsarin shari'a na Maroko, shigar da 'yan Morocco a muƙaman gwamnati, kawar da ikon shari'a na Qaids da Pashas, da kafa majalisar wakilai. Gwamnatin Faransa ta ki amincewa da shirin na sake fasalin, wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a harkar kishin ƙasa. Tashin hankali da dama a cikin watan Satumban 1937 ya sa gwamnatin Faransa ta danne jam'iyyar Istiqlal tare da kame shugabanninta ciki har da Allal al-Fassi.
Kungiyar 'yan kishin ƙasa ta Moroko ta sake samun fata a yakin duniya na biyu bayan da aka yi wa Syria da Lebanon alkawarin samun 'yancin kai. A taronta na farko a Rabat a watan Janairun 1944, jam'iyyar Istiqlal ta ba da sanarwar 'yancin kai na Maroko.[7][2] Sarkin ya gabatar da jawabin Tangier a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu, 1947, wanda ya yaba da tattakin zuwa “haɗin kai” na Moroko tare da tabbatar da imanin sarkin game da makomar Larabawa da Musulunci ta ƙasar. Hukumomin Faransa sun yi yunkurin kawo cikas ga jawabin ta hanyar yin kisan kiyashi a Casablanca a ranar 7 ga Afrilu. Wannan ya haifar da wani sabon yunkuri na 'yantar da ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da juyin juya halin sarki da al'umma. A bin misalin kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta Aljeriya (FLN), kungiyar 'yan kishin ƙasa ta Moroko ta samar da wata rundunar soji- Jaysh al-Tahrir ( جيش التحرير ), Sojojin Moroko na 'Yanci - ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abbas Messaadi a arewacin Maroko a cikin watan Oktoba 1955. [7] [2] Abubuwan da suka faru na duniya sun ba da kwarin gwiwa kai tsaye wannan muhimmin lokaci a tarihin Morocco. A cewar shugaban 'yan kishin ƙasa Allal al-Fassi, "Babu wanda zai musanta tasirin yakin, yarjejeniyar Atlantic, da ƙasashen kawance a arewacin Afirka, da ayyana 'yancin kai na Syria da Lebanon... kan 'yan kishin ƙasa."
An fitar da Mohammed V zuwa Madagascar a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 1953. Wannan ya haifar da rikicin soji tsakanin Moroccan Nationalist Movement da sojojin gwamnatin Faransa daga 19 ga watan Agusta 1953 zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1955, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 1,000. A ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamban 1955, Faransa ta amince da baiwa Maroko 'yancin kai sannan aka maido da Mohammed bin Youssef a matsayin sarki. Maroko a hukumance ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a ranar 2 ga watan Maris, 1956. [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Marglin, Jessica M. (2016-01-01). Across Legal Lines: Jews and Muslims in Modern Morocco (in Turanci). Yale University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-300-21846-6.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013). A history of modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-62469-5. OCLC 855022840.
- ↑ Ohaegbulam, Festus Ugboaja (2004). U.S. Policy in Postcolonial Africa: Four Case Studies in Conflict Resolution (in Turanci). Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-7091-7.
- ↑ Services, United States Department of State Office of Media. Background Notes (in Turanci). Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Media Services. p. 3.
- ↑ Nyrop, Richard F. (1972). Area Handbook for Morocco (in Turanci). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 53.
- ↑ Stenner, David. 2019. Globalizing Morocco: Transnational Activism and the Postcolonial State. Stanford: Stanford University Press. P. 5
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "ثورة الملك والشعب .. ملحمة التحرر من الاستعمار". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Larabci). 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
- ↑ "6. French Morocco (1912-1956)". uca.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-01.