Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Zimbabwe
 Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Zimbabwe | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
guerrilla organization (en)  da national liberation movement (en) |
| Ƙasa | Zimbabwe |
| Ideology (en) |
African nationalism (en) , left-wing nationalism (en) , Tsarin zamantakewar Afirka da Maoism (en) |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba |
Herbert Chitepo (en) da Ndabaningi Sithole (mul) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 8 ga Augusta, 1963 |
| Wanda ya samar |
Enos Nkala (en) Edgar Tekere (en) Leopold Takawira (en) Ndabaningi Sithole (mul) Herbert Chitepo (en) |
| Ta biyo baya |
ZANU-PF da Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga (en) |
| Dissolved | 1975 |
Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) kungiya ce ta 'yan gurguzu mai fafutuka, wacce ta yi yaki da mulkin 'yan tsiraru a kasar Rhodesia, wadda aka kafa a matsayin ballewa daga jam'iyyar Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) a 1963. ZANU ya rabu a 1975 zuwa fukafukai masu biyayya ga Robert Mugabe da Ndabaningi Sithole, wadanda daga baya aka kira ZANU-PF da ZANU-Ndonga. Wadannan kananan hukumomi biyu sun yi takara daban a zaben 1980, inda jam'iyyar ZANU-PF ke mulki tun daga lokacin, sai kuma ZANU–Ndonga karamar jam'iyyar adawa.
Kafawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa ZANU a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan 1963 lokacin da Ndabaningi Sithole, Henry Hamadziripi, Mukudzei Midzi, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere da Leopold Takawira suka yanke shawarar rabuwa da ZAPU a gidan Enos Nkala a Highfield, Salisbury. Wadanda suka kafa su ba su gamsu da dabarun yaƙi na Nkomo ba. Sabanin abubuwan da suka faru a nan gaba, bangarorin biyu sun fito ne daga Shona da Ndebele, manyan kabilun biyu na kasar. Dukansu ZANU da ZAPU sun kafa fuka-fukan siyasa a cikin ƙasar (a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sunayen) da fuka-fuka na soja: Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) da Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) bi da bi don yaki da gwagwarmaya daga ƙasashe makwabta - ZANLA daga Mozambique da Zambia, da ZIPRA daga Zambia da Botswana. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja]
Ayyuka a gudun hijira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin ayyukan ZANU an tsara su ne daga gudun hijira, inda shugabancin jam'iyyar ya kasance a cikin shekarun 1970, lokacin da jam'iyyar ke da ofisoshi a Lusaka, Dar es Salaam, Maputo da London. [shafin da ake buƙata]
Dangantaka da bangaren makamai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]The Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) was ZANU's military wing.[1]
Jagora da rarrabuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai rabuwa biyu a cikin ZANU kafin samun 'yancin kai. Na farko ya kasance tare da Nathan Shamuyarira da sauransu da suka bar don shiga Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe (FROLIZI) a 1973 [2] bayan da Shamuyarra ya yi ƙoƙari ya jagoranci jam'iyyar. Chitepo ya ci nasara.
Bayan kisan gillar Chitepo a ranar 18 ga Maris 1975, Sithole ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar, amma ya fuskanci adawa nan da nan daga bangaren da ya fi tsattsauran ra'ayi na ZANU, saboda Sithole ya kasance mai goyon bayan dakatarwa.[3] Wannan rikicin ya karu tare da sanarwar Mgagao, inda shugabannin ZANLA da 'yan tawaye suka bayyana adawarsu ga Sithole, kuma ya haifar da rarrabawar ZANU cikin ƙungiyar da Sithole ke jagoranta, wanda ya yi watsi da gwagwarmayar tashin hankali, da ƙungiyar da Robert Mugabe da Simon Muzenda ke jagorantar, tare da goyon bayan ZANLA, wanda ya ci gaba da kisan kai da tsoratar da manoma. [4][5] Dukkanin kungiyoyin sun ci gaba da amfani da sunan ZANU. Jam'iyyar Mugabe ta kafa jam'iyyar Patriotic Front tare da ZAPU a shekara ta 1976, kuma an san ta da ZANU-PF . Jam'iyyar Sithole, wacce ake kira "ZANU Mwenje" ko "ZANU Sithole", ta shiga gwamnatin wucin gadi ta fararen fata da baƙi a shekarar 1979, karkashin jagorancin Bishop Abel Muzorewa. Lokacin da takunkumi ya kasance, ya shiga Muzorewa don Yarjejeniyar Lancaster House a London, inda aka shirya sabon kundin tsarin mulki da zabe.
'Yancin kai na Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Babban zaben 1980 zuwa sabuwar jihar Zimbabwe, ZANU-PF (wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin haka) [shafin da ake buƙata] ya sami rinjaye tare da ZAPU (wanda aka rubuta a matsayin PF-ZAPU) a matsayi na biyu. ZAPU ta haɗu da ZANU-PF a cikin 1987. Kungiyar Sithole (wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin ZANU) [6] [shafin da ake buƙata] ya kasa lashe kowane kujerun a cikin 1980. Daga baya ta lashe 'yan kujeru kuma an sake masa suna ZANU-Ndonga; ta kasance ƙaramar jam'iyya tare da goyon baya tsakanin Ndau.[7]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Siyasa ta Zimbabwe
- Yakin farfaganda na Rhodesia
- Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Zimbabwe (ZAPU)
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Empty citation (help)
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedmartinandjohnson - ↑ Kriger, N. (2005-01-01). "ZANU(PF) strategies in general elections, 1980-2000: Discourse and coercion". African Affairs (in Turanci). 104 (414): 1–34. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi016. ISSN 0001-9909.