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Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata

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Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata
competition class (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare naƙwallon ƙafa da Wasanni na Mata
Competition class (en) Fassaraopen (en) Fassara da mace
Wasaƙwallon ƙafa
Ƙasa da aka faraScotland
Gagarumin taronsporting event (en) Fassara
Gudanarwanɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
Uses (en) Fassarakayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa, association football ball (en) Fassara, association football pitch (en) Fassara da association football goal (en) Fassara
Hannun riga damen's association football (en) Fassara

Kwallon ƙafa ta mata, wadda aka fi sani da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ko ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata (soccer),[lower-alpha 1] wasa ne na ƙungiyoyi na ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyoyi da mata ke bugawa. Ana buga ta a matakin ƙwararru a ƙasashe da dama, kuma kusan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 200 ne ke shiga gasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.[1] Ana amfani da ƙa'idoji iri ɗaya, waɗanda aka sani da Dokokin Wasan, wajen buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ta maza.[2]

Amurka ita ce ƙasa mafi samun nasara a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata, inda ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Mata sau 4 da lambobin zinare na gasar Olympics sau 5. Ƙasa ta biyu mafi samun nasara a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ita ce Jamus, wadda ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Mata sau 2 da lambar zinare ta gasar Olympics sau 1. Bayan da "zamanin zinare na farko" na ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ya faru a Burtaniya a shekarun 1920, inda wasa ɗaya ya jawo hankalin sama da masu kallo 50,000, Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kafa dokar hana ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata daga 1921 zuwa 1970 a Ingila, wadda ta hana ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a filayen da ƙungiyoyin da ke cikinta ke amfani da su. A wasu ƙasashe da dama, 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mata suna fuskantar irin wannan mummunan yanayi da kuma haramcin da ƙungiyoyin da maza suka mamaye suka yi musu. [3]

A shekarun 1970, gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta duniya ta shahara sosai, [4] [5] kuma an kafa gasar cin kofin nahiyar da ta fi daɗewa, wato gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC . Duk da haka, wata mace ba ta yi jawabi a Majalisar FIFA ba sai a shekarar 1986 ( Ellen Wille ). An fara gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a kasar Sin a shekarar 1991 kuma tun daga lokacin ta zama babban taron talabijin a kasashe da dama. [6] [7]

Tarihi

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Mata na iya yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun lokacin da wasan ya kasance. Shaidu sun nuna cewa mata sun yi irin wannan wasan ( cuju, wanda aka fi sani da tsu chu ) a zamanin daular Han (25-220 CE), kamar yadda aka nuna siffofin mata a cikin zane-zane na lokacin suna buga tsu chu . [8] [9] An bayar da rahoton wasannin shekara-shekara da ake yi a Midlothian, Scotland, tun farkon shekarun 1790. [10]

A shekarar 1863, hukumomin kula da kwallon kafa sun gabatar da ƙa'idodi masu tsari don hana tashin hankali a filin wasa, don haka an ɗauki wasan a matsayin amintacce ga mata su yi wasa. [11] [12] Wasan farko na ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa ya faru ne a shekarar 1881 a Hibernian Park da ke Edinburgh, [13] wani ɓangare ne na rangadin da ƙungiyoyin Scotland da Ingila suka yi. [14] [15] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Scotland ta yi rikodin wasan mata a shekarar 1892. [10]

Ƙungiyar Arewa ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Burtaniya, 1895

An kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1894 ta hannun mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata Nettie Honeyball a Ingila. Sun buga wasan mata na farko da aka rubuta a hukumance a Ingila a watan Maris na 1895. [11] An ruwaito Honeyball yana cewa, "Na kafa ƙungiyar a ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata [1894], da ƙudurin tabbatar wa duniya cewa mata ba halittu ne 'na ado da marasa amfani' da maza suka ɗauka a matsayin halitta ba. Dole ne in yarda, imanin da na yi kan duk al'amuran da jinsi ya rabu sosai duk yana kan ' yanci, kuma ina sa ran lokacin da mata za su zauna a Majalisar Dokoki su sami murya a harkokinsu, musamman waɗanda suka fi damunsu." [12] Honeyball da irinta sun share fagen ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Burtaniya ta yi watsi da wasan mata, kuma ta ci gaba ba tare da goyon bayansu ba. An yi hasashen cewa wannan ya samo asali ne daga barazanar da ake gani ga "mazancin" wasan. [16]

Kofin Munitionettes

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'Yan matan makarantar sakandare na Japan suna buga ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin hakama na gargajiya tare da ƙungiya ɗaya sanye da sarƙoƙi (kimanin 1920)

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1917, an ƙaddamar da gasa ga ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan harsasai mata a arewa maso gabashin Ingila. An yi masa lakabi da "Tyne Wear & Tees Alfred Wood Munition Girls Cup", kuma an san shi da "The Munitionettes' Cup". [1] Wadanda suka fara lashe kofin sune Blyth Spartans, wadanda suka doke Bolckow Vaughan da ci 5-0 a wasan karshe da aka sake yi a Middlesbrough a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1918 a gaban taron jama'a 22,000. [2] Gasar ta gudana a shekara ta biyu a kakar wasa ta 1918–19, wadanda suka yi nasara sune matan filin jiragen ruwa na Palmer da ke Jarrow, wadanda suka doke Christopher Brown's na Hartlepool da ci 1–0 a St James' Park da ke Newcastle a ranar 22 ga Maris 1919.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, aikin mata a manyan masana'antu ya ƙarfafa ci gaban wasan, kamar yadda ya yi wa maza shekaru hamsin da suka gabata. Wata ƙungiya daga Ingila ta buga wasa da wata ƙungiya daga Ireland a ranar dambe ta 1917 a gaban taron jama'a 20,000. [17] An nuna ɓangaren Irish na wannan wasan a cikin wasan Rough Girls a shekarar 2021. Dick, Kerr Ladies FC ta Preston, Ingila ta buga wasa a ɗaya daga cikin wasannin farko na mata na ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyar Faransa XI a shekarar 1920, [17] [18] kuma ta kasance mafi yawan ƙungiyar Ingila da ƙungiyar Scottish Ladies XI a shekarar, inda ta yi nasara da ci 22-0. [10]

Haramcin FA (1921–1970)

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Duk da cewa ya fi shahara fiye da wasu wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na maza (wani wasa ya samu mutane 53,000), an dakatar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Ingila a watan Disamba na 1921 lokacin da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta haramta buga wasan a filayen wasa na membobin ƙungiyar, FA ta ce "wasan ƙwallon ƙafa bai dace da mata ba kuma bai kamata a ƙarfafa shi ba." [19] [20]

Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Wales ta ɗauki hoto a shekarar 1959

'Yan wasa da marubutan ƙwallon ƙafa sun yi jayayya cewa wannan haramcin ya faru ne saboda kishin taron jama'a da wasannin mata suka jawo, da kuma saboda hukumar FA ba ta da iko kan kuɗin da aka samu daga wasan mata. [20] 'Yar wasan Dick da Kerr Ladies Alice Barlow ta ce, "mun iya sanya hakan ne kawai saboda kishi. Mun fi maza shahara kuma manyan ƙofofinmu na sadaka ne". [21]

Duk da haramcin, wasu ƙungiyoyin mata sun ci gaba da wasa. Ƙungiyar Rugby ta Arewa ba ta bi umarnin FA ba, [22] don haka ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila (1921–1922) ta buga wasu daga cikin wasanninta a filin wasan rugby .

A wasu ƙasashe, ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙara raunana sakamakon haramcin da aka yi a duk faɗin ƙasar wanda galibi ya yi kama da matakan FA na Ingila. [3] Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Jamus ta haramta wa mata kwallon kafa daga shekarar 1955 har zuwa 1970. [23] An kuma haramta wa mata buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Faransa daga 1941 zuwa 1970. [24] A ƙasar Brazil, gwamnatin Vargas da mulkin kama-karya na soja sun haramta wa mata da 'yan mata buga ƙwallon ƙafa bisa doka daga 1941 zuwa 1979. [25]

Gasassun gasa

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Gasar Cin Kofin Kalubalen Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Mata ta Ingila

Bayan dakatar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da hukumar FA ta yi a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1921, an kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila, tare da ƙungiyoyi 58 da ke da alaƙa da ita. [26] Shugaban ƙungiyar na farko, Len Bridgett, ne ya bayar da kofi na azurfa. Jimillar ƙungiyoyi 23 ne suka shiga gasar farko a bazara ta 1922. Wadanda suka yi nasara sune Stoke Ladies wacce ta doke Doncaster da Bentley Ladies da ci 3-1 a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1922. [27]

Gasar Cin Kofin Burtaniya da Duniya

A shekarar 1937, ƙungiyar Dick da Kerr Ladies FC, wacce ta sha kashi a hannun Rutherglen Ladies ta Scotland a shekarar 1923 amma aka ci gaba da ayyana ta a matsayin "zakararrun duniya", [28] ta fafata da ƙungiyar Edinburgh City Girls a gasar "Championship of Great Britain and the World". Dick da Kerr sun lashe gasar da ci 5-1. Gasar ta 1939 ta kasance cikin tsari kuma 'Yan matan Edinburgh City sun doke Dick, Kerr da ci 5-2 a Edinburgh, bayan haka suka yi nasarar lalata Glasgow Ladies da ci 7-1 a Falkirk don lashe kambun gasar.

Farfaɗo da wasan mata

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An kafa ƙungiyar FA ta mata ta Ingila a shekarar 1969 sakamakon ƙaruwar sha'awar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1966 ta haifar. [29]

Hukumar FA ta ci gaba da dakatar da shi a Ingila na tsawon kusan shekaru hamsin, har zuwa Janairun 1970. A shekara mai zuwa, UEFA ta ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa a kowace ƙasa su kula da wasannin mata. [29] A shekara ta 2002, Lily Parr, wacce ta fito daga ƙungiyar Ladies ta Dick Kerr, ita ce mace ta farko da aka shigar a cikin ɗakin tarihi na ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa . Daga baya aka girmama ta da wani mutum-mutumi a gaban gidan tarihi. [30] Sai a shekarar 2008 (shekaru 87 bayan haka), hukumar kwallon kafa ta Ingila (FA) ta bayar da uzuri kan haramta wa mata shiga wasannin kwallon kafa. [31]

Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata, 1970 da 1971

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A shekarar 1970, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata masu zaman kansu ta Turai (FIEFF) da ke Torino ta gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1970 a Italiya, tare da goyon bayan masana'antun giya masu ƙarfi na Martini & Rossi, [5] kuma gaba ɗaya ba tare da sa hannun FIFA ba. [32] Aƙalla ƙungiyoyi ne suka buga wannan wasan kuma Denmark ce ta lashe shi. An sake buga bugu na biyu, wato Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 1971, a Mexico a shekara mai zuwa. An buga wasan ƙarshe, wanda Denmark ta lashe, a Estadio Azteca, filin wasa mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka a lokacin, a gaban taron jama'a da aka kiyasta cewa mahalarta 110,000 ko 112,500 ne. [4] [33]

Ƙwarewa a fannin sana'a

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Two sitting women in a press conference with a ball and a trophy
Dan wasan gaba Cristiana Girelli da koci Rita Guarino na Juventus a 2019. Juventus tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi shahara da nasara a Italiya.

A shekarun 1970, Italiya ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta sami ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a wani lokaci na ɗan lokaci. Ita ma Italiya ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta shigo da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasashen waje daga wasu ƙasashen Turai, wanda hakan ya ɗaga martabar gasar. 'Yan wasa a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da Susanne Augustesen (Denmark), Rose Reilly da Edna Neillis (Scotland), Anne O'Brien (Ireland) da Concepcion Sánchez Freire (Spain). [34] Sweden ita ce ta farko da ta gabatar da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun mata ta cikin gida a shekarar 1988, wato Damallsvenskan . [35]

Asiya da Oceania

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A shekarar 1989, Japan ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta sami ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa, wato L. League - wadda har yanzu take a matsayin rukuni na 1 na ƙungiyar Nadeshiko League . [36] [37] A shekarar 2020, Japan ta kafa gasar kwararru ta mata ta farko a Asiya, wato WE League, wadda ta fara a kaka ta 2021. [38]

Matan Urawa Red Diamonds

A Indonesia, an fara gudanar da gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da aka rubuta, wadda aka fi sani da "Kartini Cup", a shekarar 1981. [39] An gudanar da gasar ne a matakin son rai. An kuma gudanar da gasannin daga baya a matakin 'yan wasa da kuma na ƙwararru, ciki har da fitowar gasar mata ta farko, Galanita a shekarar 1982. An fara buga gasar cin kofin Pertiwi, wadda ta jawo hankalin masu fafatawa daga ko'ina cikin Indonesia, a shekarar 2006. An gudanar da gasar kwararru ta farko a shekarar 2019 a karkashin sunan Liga 1 Putri . [39]

A Ostiraliya, an kafa ƙungiyar W-League, wacce yanzu ake kira A-League Women, a shekara ta 2008.

A shekarar 2015, an ƙaddamar da gasar Super League ta mata ta China (CWSL) tare da wani rukuni na biyu mai alaƙa, CWFL. [40] A da, an fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Sin a shekarar 1997, kuma ta koma gasar Super League ta mata a shekarar 2004. Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2014, an sanya wa gasar suna Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Ƙasa.

An ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar mata ta Indiya a shekarar 2016. Kasar ta gudanar da gasar cin kofin mata ta Indiya tun daga shekarar 1991. [41]

Amirka ta Arewa

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Magoya bayan Portland Thorns a filin wasa na tunawa da Seattle

A shekarar 1985, aka kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta mata ta Amurka . [42] Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekarar 1999, an fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta farko a Amurka, wato WUSA, kuma ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru uku. 'Yan ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ne suka jagoranci gasar, kuma ta ƙunshi 'yan wasa kamar Mia Hamm, Julie Foudy da Brandi Chastain, [43] da kuma manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Birgit Prinz ta Jamus da Sun Wen ta China. An ƙaddamar da wani yunƙuri na biyu na kafa ƙungiyar ƙwararru mai ɗorewa, wato ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata (WPS), a shekarar 2009 kuma an dakatar da shi a ƙarshen shekarar 2011. [44] A shekara mai zuwa, an ƙaddamar da gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa (NWSL) tare da goyon bayan farko daga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka, Kanada, da Mexico.

A shekarar 2017, an ƙaddamar da gasar Liga MX Femenil a Mexico kuma ta karya rikodin halarta da dama. Gasar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin mata na ƙungiyoyin maza a gasar La Liga MX . [45] A ranar 20 ga Maris 2024, gasar tare da haɗin gwiwar NWSL, ta sanar da wani sabon gasa na duniya mai suna Summer Cup . Wannan gasar za ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi shida daga gasar League MX Femenil waɗanda za su fafata da ƙungiyoyi daga NWSL. An shirya fara buga wannan biki a watan Yulin 2024. [46]

Ba kamar sauran ƙasashe ba, inda ƙungiya ɗaya ke da ƙungiyoyin maza da mata (waɗanda a bayyane suke fafatawa a gasa daban-daban), kamar FC Barcelona da FC Barcelona Femení, a Amurka galibi akwai ƙungiyoyin maza da mata kawai a birni ɗaya, ba tare da wata alaƙa da juna ba, suna fafatawa a manyan lig-lig na ƙasar (kamar MLS da NWSL ). Duk da haka, akwai lokutan da ƙungiyar maza da ƙungiyar mata suka sami mai shi ɗaya, wanda hakan ya haifar da yanayi wanda ya yi kama da abin da ake gani a wasu ƙasashe, amma ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da sunaye da tambari daban-daban. Wasu misalai: Utah Royals (NWSL) da Real Salt Lake (MLS); Houston Dash (NWSL) da Houston Dynamo FC (MLS); Orlando Pride (NWSL) da Orlando City SC (MLS).

ƙarni na 21

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Olympique Lyonnais vs Paris Saint-Germain

Wani rahoto na FIFA na 2014 ya bayyana cewa a farkon karni na 21, kwallon kafa ta mata tana kara samun karbuwa da kuma karbuwa, kuma ana fara gasar kwararru a duk duniya. [47] [48] Tun daga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA da aka fara gudanarwa a shekarar 1991 zuwa tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1999, da aka sayar da shi, da kuma goyon bayan da ake bai wa mata a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru, ya ƙaru a faɗin duniya. [49] [50] [51]

Duk da haka, kamar yadda yake a wasu wasanni, albashin mata da damarmakinsu sun yi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa maza. [52] Kwallon kafa ta mata ta ƙasa da ƙasa ba ta da rahotannin talabijin da kafofin watsa labarai kamar na maza, amma kuma gabaɗaya tana da ƙarancin matsakaicin masu halarta. Wannan rashin jituwa yana ci gaba da faruwa, yayin da bincike ya nuna cewa wasu masu kallo ba su ma iya bambance tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru ta mata da ta maza ba. [53]

Babban fafatawar da Olympique Lyonnais ke yi ita ce da Paris Saint-Germain, inda wasannin da ke tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu wani lokacin ake kiransu da "Classique féminin". Paris ita ce babbar mai fafatawa da OL wajen lashe gasar cin kofin ƙasa, domin ta kare a matsayi na biyu a D1 Féminine sau bakwai. Lyon ba ta taɓa rasa kofin D1 ba a hannun PSG sai a shekarar 2021 lokacin da PSG ta kare a gaban Lyon, kuma ta lashe kofin Coupe de France sau biyar da Paris. A shekarar 2017, dukkan ƙungiyoyin biyu sun kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai, inda Lyon ta doke Paris bayan bugun fenariti, kuma ta lashe kofinta na huɗu a gasar. [54]

An kafa tarihin halartar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a Camp Nou a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2022, inda mutane 91,648 suka kalli wasan da Barcelona ta doke Wolfsburg da ci 5-1 (hoto). [55]

Duk da cewa wasu fasaloli na ci gaba da ingantawa, amma ba haka lamarin yake ga masu horar da mata ba. Har yanzu ba a sami wakilci mai yawa a wasu lig-lig na mata na Turai ba. [56] Duk da haka, shahara da kuma shiga harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata na ci gaba da ƙaruwa. [57]

A shekarar 2022, FC Barcelona ta kasance ta biyu mafi yawan wadanda suka halarci gasar kwallon kafa ta mata tun bayan wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1971 tsakanin Mexico da Denmark (110,000) a filin wasa na Azteca, lokacin da suka buga wasa da Real Madrid (91,553) da Wolfsburg (91,648) a Camp Nou don gasar zakarun mata ta UEFA ta 2021–22 . [58] [59] [60]

A watan Afrilun 2024, kakar wasannin mata na A-League ta 2023–24 ta kafa tarihi a kakar wasanni mafi yawa da mata suka halarta a tarihin Ostiraliya, inda kakar wasanni ta samu jimillar mahalarta 284,551 a ranar 15 ga Afrilun 2024, [61] [62] [63] [64] kuma ta kammala da jimillar mahalarta 312,199. [65]

Gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa

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na Duniya

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Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata

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Mia Hamm (hagu) ta fafata da dan wasan baya na Jamus Kerstin Stegemann

Gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko da aka sani ga ƙungiyoyin mata ita ce gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1970 a Italiya da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 1971 a Mexico, dukkansu suna da tarihin halartar gasar kuma ƙungiyar mata ta duniya FIEFF ce ta shirya ta. [4] [5] [59] Wasu manyan gasannin sun haɗa da Gasar Gayyatar Mata ta Duniya a Taiwan (1978–1987) da kuma Mundialito na Mata a Japan da Italiya (1981–1988). FIFA ta yi watsi da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata sosai kafin gasar gayyatar mata ta FIFA ta 1988 a China. [66] Wasan farko da FIFA ta amince da shi a hukumance tsakanin mata a gasar kasa da kasa shine Faransa da Netherlands (1971), duk da cewa an yanke hukunci a baya a shekarar 2003. [67]

An gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta farko a kasar Sin a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1991 kuma Amurka ce ta lashe gasar. Ƙasar da ta zo ta biyu, Norway, ta zama zakara a shekarar 1995, inda ta doke Jamus a wasan ƙarshe da aka yi a Sweden. Amurka ta lashe wasan karshe a shekarar 1999 a bugun fenariti da ta yi da China (tare da 'yan kallo sama da 90,000 a Pasadena ). Jamus ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a jere a 2003 da 2007, inda ta lashe gasar karshe a kan Sweden da Brazil. Japan ta zama zakara a shekarar 2011, gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta duniya ta farko a kasar. [37] Amurka ta sake lashe gasar a shekarar 2015 da 2019 . Spain ta lashe gasar a karon farko a shekarar 2023 .

Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA gasar kungiyoyi ce ta kasa da kasa da aka tsara, inda aka shirya fara gasar a farkon shekarar 2028. Za a gudanar da gasar ne duk bayan shekaru hudu. A shekarun da ba a yi gasar cin kofin duniya ta kungiyoyin mata ba, za a yi wata karama ta shekara-shekara - gasar cin kofin zakarun mata ta FIFA - wadda za ta fara a farkon shekarar 2026 .

Gasar Olympics

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A soccer game between the United States and Canada, seen from behind one of the goals.
Abby Wambach 'yar Amurka ta buga bugun kusurwa da bugun kusurwa a kan Kanada .

Tun bayan gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 - ta mata, an shirya gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a gasar Olympics . Sabanin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Olympics (wanda aka yi bisa ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23), ƙungiyoyin mata na Olympics ba su da ƙa'idodi kan ƙwarewa ko shekaru.

Kasancewar Birtaniya a gasar Olympics ta 2012 babban abin da ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce shi ne saboda Ingila da sauran ƙasashen da ke cikin gida na Birtaniya ba su cancanci shiga gasar a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ba. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyin mata da maza na Burtaniya sun ɗauki wasu 'yan wasa daga sauran ƙasashen gida, amma ba tare da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyinsu ba.

Duk da cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin mata na ƙwallon ƙafa ta makafi (ƙungiya 5) da ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwakwalwa (ƙungiya 7), [68] ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ba ta taɓa zama gasar Paralympic ba. [69]

Amirka ta Arewa

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Gasar CONCACAF W gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta mata da CONCACAF ke shiryawa wadda galibi take zama gasar cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata da kuma gasar Olympics.

Gasar cin kofin zinare ta CONCACAF W ta kasance ta farko a shekarar 2024 . Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 12 (8 daga yankin CONCACAF, da kuma 4 da aka gayyata daga yankin CONMEBOL) kuma Amurka ce ta lashe gasar.

Gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CONCACAF W gasar kungiya ce ta shekara-shekara wadda ke tantance zakaran kulob na yankin da ya kunshi Arewacin Amurka, Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean.

Arewacin Amurka

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CONCACAF W Championship gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da CONCACAF ke shirya wa, wadda sau da yawa take zama gasar tantance waɗanda za su wakilci yankin a Kofin Duniya na Mata da kuma gasar Olympics.

CONCACAF W Gold Cup ta gudanar da bugu na farko a 2024. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 12 ne suka shiga gasar (8 daga yankin CONCACAF, da 4 da aka gayyata daga yankin CONMEBOL), kuma Amurka ce ta lashe gasar.

CONCACAF W Champions Cup gasa ce ta kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ake gudanarwa duk shekara, wadda ke tantance zakaran kungiyoyin yankin da ya ƙunshi Arewacin Amurka, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Caribbean.

Turai

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'Yan wasa suna fafatawa kan ƙwallo yayin wasan tsakanin Jamus da Norway a UEFA Women's Euro 2009 a Tampere, Finland

An gudanar da gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na Turai da suka ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ƙasa a Italiya a 1969 da kuma a 1979 a matsayin European Competition for Women's Football.[70][71] UEFA ba ta amince da su a matsayin gasannin "hukuma" ba, domin ta yi adawa da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata har zuwa shekarun 1970.[29] An fara UEFA Women's Championship a shekarar 1984 da sunan "European Competition For Representative Women's Teams". A yanzu kuma ana yawan kiransa da UEFA Women's Euro.

Gasar ta 1984 Sweden ce ta lashe. Norway ta lashe bugun shekarar 1987. Tsakanin 1987 da 2013, UEFA Women's Euro ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayen Jamus, wadda ta lashe kofuna takwas, ciki har da guda shida a jere daga 1995 zuwa 2013. Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, sauran ƙungiyoyin da suka taɓa lashe gasar sun haɗa da Norway a 1993, Netherlands a gida a 2017, da Ingila a gida a 2022, lokacin da aka ɗage gasar da shekara guda saboda annobar Covid-19. A shekarar 2025, Ingila ta yi nasarar kare kambunta a kan Spain, inda ta yi nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ci 3–1 bayan karin lokaci.

Baya ga UEFA Women's Championship da ake gudanarwa duk bayan shekaru huɗu, ana gudanar da UEFA Women's Nations League duk bayan shekaru biyu ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na ƙasashen Turai.

UEFA Women's Champions League gasa ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta ƙunshi manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata daga ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin hukumar kula da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai UEFA.

Kudancin Amurka

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Marta ta Brazil ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi kowa zura ƙwallaye a tarihin manyan gasannin Kofin Duniya na FIFA.

Copa América Femenina ita ce babbar gasa a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ke ƙarƙashin CONMEBOL.

Copa Libertadores Femenina, wadda a hukumance ake kira CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina, ita ce gasar kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin da ke buga wasa a yankin CONMEBOL. An fara gasar a shekarar 2009[72] sakamakon ƙarin sha'awar da ake samu game da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata.

Afirka

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Women's Africa Cup of Nations gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ake gudanarwa duk bayan shekaru biyu, kuma Confederation of African Football (CAF) ce ke ba ta izini. An fara gudanar da ita a shekarar 1991, amma ba a fara gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru biyu ba sai daga 1998. Nigeria ce ƙasar da ta fi samun nasara a tarihin gasar, inda ta lashe kofuna 11.

CAF Women's Champions League gasa ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta ƙunshi manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata daga ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Confederation of African Football.

Asiya

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Sam Kerr tare da Australia a lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup da suka fafata da Japan a Edmonton, 2015

AFC Women's Asian Cup gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ake gudanarwa duk bayan shekaru huɗu tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa waɗanda suke cikin Asian Football Confederation (AFC). Ita ce gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da ƙasa mafi dadewa, kuma ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙungiyoyin ƙasa a yankin AFC.

SAFF Women's Championship, wadda kuma ake kira South Asian Football Federation Women's Cup, gasa ce ta ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na ƙasashe da South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) ke jagoranta. India ta lashe bugu biyar na farko, inda ta doke Nepal sau huɗu da Bangladesh sau ɗaya a wasan ƙarshe.[73][74] Bangladesh ce ke riƙe da kambun gasar a halin yanzu, bayan da ta doke Nepal da ci 3–1 a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2022 a wasan ƙarshe.[75]

AFC Women's Champions League ita ce gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta manyan kungiyoyi a Asiya. Tana ƙunshe da manyan kungiyoyi daga ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Asian Football Confederation.

Oceania

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OFC Women's Nations Cup gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa waɗanda suke cikin Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). Tun daga shekarar 1991, gasar ta kasance tana zama gasar tantance waɗanda za su shiga Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA.

OFC Women's Champions League ita ce gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta manyan kungiyoyi a Oceania. Tana ƙunshe da manyan kungiyoyi daga ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Oceania Football Confederation.

Gasannin cikin gida

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Ingila

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Women's FA Cup

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Arsenal bayan lashe Women's FA Cup a shekarar 2007

Bayan ɗage dokar hana buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta FA, Women's Football Association ta shirya gasar ƙasa ta farko ta knockout tournament, wato 1970–71 WFA Cup. Southampton Women's F.C. ce ta fara lashe gasar, kuma ta zama zakara har sau takwas. Daga 1983 zuwa 1994, Doncaster Belles ta kai wasan ƙarshe sau goma cikin gasar guda goma sha ɗaya, inda ta lashe shida daga cikinsu. Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, Chelsea ce ke riƙe da kambun, yayin da Arsenal ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe gasar, da nasara sau 14.[76] Duk da tallafin da wasu kamfanoni ke bayarwa ga gasar, shiga gasar a zahiri yana kashe wa ƙungiyoyi kuɗi fiye da kuɗin kyautar da suke samu. A shekarar 2015, an ruwaito cewa ko da Notts County ta lashe gasar, kuɗin kyautar £8,600 zai bar ƙungiyar cikin asara.[77] Wadanda suka lashe Kofin FA na maza a wannan shekarar sun samu £1.8 miliyan, yayin da ƙungiyoyin da ba su kai ga zagayen farko na gasar ba ma suka samu kuɗi fiye da wadanda suka lashe gasar ta mata.[78]

Gasannin matasa

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Iran da Turkiyya a Gasar Olympics ta Matasa ta 2010

A shekarar 2002, FIFA ta ƙaddamar da gasar zakarun mata ta matasa, wadda a hukumance ake kira FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship. Kanada ce ta karɓi bakuncin gasar farko. Wasan ƙarshe ya kasance tsakanin ƙasashen CONCACAF, inda Amurka ta doke mai masaukin baki Kanada da ci 1–0 da ƙwallon zinare a karin lokaci. An gudanar da gasar ta biyu a Thailand a shekarar 2004, kuma Jamus ce ta lashe ta. An ƙara iyakar shekarun zuwa 20, tun daga gasar shekarar 2006 da aka gudanar a Rasha. Da yake nuna yadda wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata ke ƙara yaɗuwa a duniya, Koriya ta Arewa ce ta lashe gasar. An sauya sunan gasar zuwa FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup tun daga bugun shekarar 2008, wanda Amurka ta lashe a Chile. Japan ta lashe gasar a Faransa a 2018.[79]

A shekarar 2008, FIFA ta kafa gasar zakarun duniya ta mata ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 17. Gasar farko, wadda aka gudanar a New Zealand, Koriya ta Arewa ce ta lashe. Spain ta lashe wannan gasa a Uruguay a 2018.[80]

Gasannin tsakanin kwalejoji

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Amurka

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Florida State da North Carolina, 2005

A Amurka, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tsakanin kwalejoji ya samo asali ne daga shirye-shiryen ilimin motsa jiki. A shekarun 1970, ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na kwalejoji suka fara bayyana a harabar jami'o'i, amma sai a shekarun 1980 ne suka fara samun karɓuwa tare da samun matsayin varsity. Brown University ita ce kwalejin farko da ta bai wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata cikakken matsayin varsity. Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) ta ɗauki nauyin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta yankin farko a kwalejoji a Amurka, wadda aka gudanar a Brown University. An gudanar da gasar matakin ƙasa ta farko a Colorado College, wadda ta samu cikakken tallafin AIAW a shekarar 1981. A shekarun 1990, yawan shiga gasar ya ƙaru sosai, musamman saboda Title IX na ranar 23 ga Yuni 1972, wanda ya ƙara kasafin kuɗin makarantu da kuma ba da tallafin karatu ga mata. A halin yanzu, akwai ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata sama da 700 tsakanin kwalejoji a NCAA, NAIA da NJCAA.

Title IX ya ƙara yawan ɗalibai mata da ke buga wasannin da aka tsara a cibiyoyin ilimi na Amurka sosai.[81][82] Sai dai haka, an kuma soki tsarin wasannin kwalejoji da Title IX saboda tallafa wa wariyar launin fata ta tsari da rashin daidaiton arziki a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Amurka.[83][84][85] Kashi 70% na 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na kwalejoji farare ne,[83] kuma an bayyana wasan a matsayin wanda yake "da rinjayen fararen fata da kuma masu matsakaicin matsayi na sama".[86] Shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Amurka ya fi tsada sosai fiye da ƙwallon kwando ko ƙwallon kafa irin na Amurka,[84] kuma galibin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantu suna cikin unguwannin birane da yankunan da ba a cika samun 'yan wasa baƙaƙe ba.[86] Saboda haka, a shekarar 2020, kociyoyi da shugabannin gudanarwa a National Women's Soccer League sun kasance farare da kashi 98.9%.[86] An danganta kociyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata uku da badakalar cin hanci da rashawa ta shigar da ɗalibai kwaleji ta shekarar 2019 college admissions bribery scandal.[83][85] Shirye-shiryen NCAA Division I a wasannin da ke jawo asarar kuɗi, kamar ƙwallon ƙafa, ana tallafa musu sosai da wasannin kwaleji guda biyu masu yawan samun kuɗi, wato ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, inda 'yan wasa baƙaƙe suke da rinjaye sosai. Sai dai ba a biyan 'yan wasan albashi, kuma ana "hana su a tsari samun kuɗin shiga da suke taimakawa wajen samarwa".[87]

Kanada

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A Kanada, U Sports women's soccer ne ke kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tsakanin kwalejoji, kuma an kafa shi a shekarar 1987. Ya zuwa kakar 2025, ƙungiyoyi 52 daga jami'o'in Kanada an raba su zuwa taruka huɗu, waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙungiyoyin yankuna huɗu na U Sports: Canada West, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, da Atlantic University Sport.[88] Ana kammala kakar wasa da U Sports women's soccer championship.

Manyan 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a wannan matakin sun haɗa da Sienna Gibson, Megane Sauve, Danielle Steer, Miranda Smith, da wasu.

Jayayya

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Kalaman nuna ƙyamar mata da yanke shawara game da ƙa'idojin sutura

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a faɗin duniya, maza da mata, suna sanya kayan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ya ƙunshi riga, gajeren wando, takalman ƙwallon ƙafa, da safa masu tsawon zuwa gwiwa waɗanda ake sanyawa a kan kariyar ƙashin ƙafa.[2] A shekarar 2004, Shugaban FIFA Sepp Blatter ya ba da shawarar cewa 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mata su "sanya gajeren wando mai matse jiki da riguna masu nuna ƙirji... domin samar da salo na mata sosai" da kuma jawo hankalin ƙarin magoya bayan maza. Mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da kafafen yaɗa labarai a faɗin duniya sun soki kalamansa a matsayin ƙiyayyar mata.[89][90][91]

Fayil:FC de Rakt.jpg
FC de Rakt DA1 (2008/2009)

A watan Satumba na 2008, ƙungiyar mata ta FC de Rakt ta masu son wasan (FC de Rakt DA1) a Netherlands ta ja hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya bayan ta sauya tsoffin kayan wasanta zuwa sababbi waɗanda suka ƙunshi siket da riguna masu matse jiki.[92] Wannan sabon salo, wanda ƙungiyar da kanta ta nema domin samun sauƙi da jin daɗi a jiki, da farko Hukumar Kwallon Ƙafa ta Netherlands ta ƙi amincewa da shi, bisa hujjar cewa, a ƙarƙashin dokokin wasan, dole ne dukkan 'yan wasa, maza da mata, su sanya gajeren wando. Sai dai daga baya aka sauya wannan shawara lokacin da aka gano cewa 'yan wasan FC de Rakt suna sanya gajeren wando irin na wasan tennis a ƙarƙashin siket ɗinsu, don haka a zahiri suna bin "ƙa'idar gajeren wando". Shugaban ƙungiyar Jan van den Elzen ya musanta cewa sauyin kayan wasa wata dabara ce kawai ta neman talla, inda ya gaya wa Reuters:

Kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Rinske Temming, mai shekaru 21, ta ce:

Ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka

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Mai tsaron gida Zahra Khajavi ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Iran

Har zuwa shekarar 2020, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Palestine, Turkey, Jordan, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, da Israel ne kaɗai suke da manyan gasannin mata da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, waɗanda har yanzu suke fuskantar cikas saboda wariya ga mata a ƙwallon ƙafa.[93][94]

Tun daga shekarar 2020, ƙasashen da a al'adance suke da tsauraran ƙa'idoji kamar Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Somalia, Mauritania, da Sudan sun fara haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata domin ƙara martabarsu a fagen ƙasa da ƙasa.[95] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Sudan ta fara buga wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2021,[96] kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Saudi Arabia ta samu kulawar duniya, saboda ra'ayin mazan jiya na Musulunci da ake dangantawa da Saudi Arabia.[97]

Sanya hijabi

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A watan Yuni na 2011, Iran ta rasa wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar Olympics bayan da ta yi ƙoƙarin shiga fili cikin hijabi da cikakkun kayan rufe jiki. FIFA ta bai wa Jordan nasara ta atomatik da ci 3–0, tana bayyana cewa kayan wasan Iran "sun saba wa Dokokin Wasan".[98] Wannan shawara ta jawo suka daga Mahmoud Ahmadinejad,[99] yayin da jami'an Iran suka yi zargin cewa ayyukan wakilin wasan daga Bahrain suna da alaƙa da siyasa.[100] A watan Yuli na 2012, FIFA ta amince da sanya hijabi a wasannin da za a gudanar a nan gaba.[101]

Rikice-rikicen aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Megan Rapinoe tana magana game da daidaiton albashi a watan Maris na 2021.

'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata na ƙwararru sun yi takaddama kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi wasan, kamar bambancin albashi idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin maza;[102] ƙarancin albashin da bai isa su fafata da sauran ƙungiyoyin mata ba;[103] sharuɗɗan kuɗi marasa adalci ko na wariya a yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin ƙungiyar da hukumar;[102] rashin mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idoji a wuraren wasa da kulawa, musamman idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin maza a wannan hukuma, lig ko ƙungiya;[104] rahotannin cin zarafin 'yan wasa da ya shafi jinsi, ciki har da yin watsi da cin zarafin jima'i daga jami'an lig ko hukumar;[105][106] da rashin wasu fa'idodi na musamman ga mata, kamar hutun haihuwa da kula da yara.

An yi takaddama tsakanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa,[107] tsakanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyinsu da lig-lig,[107][104][106] tsakanin alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata da ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da su,[108] da kuma tsakanin 'yan wasa da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa ko dokokin da suka hana mata buga wasa ko zama ƙwararru a wannan wasa.[109]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "The FIFA Women's World Ranking". FIFA. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Laws of the Game 2015/16". Documents | IFAB (in Turanci). pp. 3, 22. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  3. 1 2 "The Offside Museum highlights when women were banned from playing soccer". The Drum. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 Bill Wilson (7 December 2018). "Mexico 1971: When women's football hit the big time". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 "Martini and Rosso's sponsorship of the Women's World Cups in 1970 and 1971 Celebrating 50 years since an innovative sports partnership began". JJ Heritage. 6 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  6. ↑ Sandomir, Richard (2015-07-07). "Women's World Cup final was most-watched soccer game in US history". CNBC (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  7. ↑ FIFA.com. "FIFA Women's World Cup 2019 - News - FIFA Women's World Cup 2019 watched by more than 1 billion". www.fifa.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  8. ↑ "Genesis of the Global Game". The Global Game. Archived from the original on 21 May 2006. Retrieved 22 May 2006.
  9. ↑ "The Chinese and Tsu Chu". The Football Network. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
  10. 1 2 3 "A Brief History of Women's Football". Scottish Football Association. Archived from the original on 8 March 2005. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  11. 1 2 "TheFA.com - Brief History". 5 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05.
  12. 1 2 Ladda, Shawn. "Women's involvement with soccer was part of the emancipation process". SoccerTimes. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 4 May 2006.
  13. ↑ "Plaque to the First Women Football Internationalists 1881". Women of Scotland. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020.
  14. ↑ Gibbs, Stuart (24 October 2018). "The strange birth of women's football". The Football Pink. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  15. ↑ Patrick Brennan. "England v Scotland - 1881". Archived from the original on 6 March 2022.
  16. ↑ Mårtensson, Stefan (June 2010). "Branding women's football in a field of hegemonic masculinity". Entertainment and Sports Law Journal. 8: 5. doi:10.16997/eslj.44.
  17. 1 2 "Home Front – The Forgotten First International Women's Football Match – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
  18. ↑ "The Dick, Kerr Ladies' FC". www.donmouth.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  19. ↑ "The History of Women's Football in England". The FA. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  20. 1 2 Wrack, Suzanne (13 June 2022). "How the FA banned women's football in 1921 and tried to justify it". the Guardian (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "BBC3jun05".
  22. ↑ "English Ladies' Football Association". donmouth.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2023-02-25. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  23. ↑ Wünsch, Silke (2011-06-20). "The elusive popularity of women's football". DW.com. Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  24. ↑ "5 dates clefs sur l'histoire du football féminin". Cosmopolitan.fr (in Faransanci). Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  25. ↑ Costa, Ana. "The history of women's football in Brazil". Sport and Development. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020.
  26. ↑ Brennan, Patrick. "The English Ladies' Football Association". Donmouth (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  27. ↑ Brennan, Patrick. "Stoke Ladies FC". Donmouth. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  28. ↑ Fiona Skillen; Steve Bolton (2021-02-18). "Women's Football in Interwar Scotland:Sadie Smith and the Legendary Rutherglen Ladies FC | Part 2". Playing Pasts. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
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Cin zarafin jima'i da wulaƙanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A farkon shekarun 2020, cin zarafin jima'i da wulaƙanci sun zama manyan batutuwan cece-kuce a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata. A shekarun 2021 da 2022, NWSL ta fuskanci matsin lamba domin magance rahotanni masu yawa na cin zarafi, inda wasu abubuwan suka faru tun daga kafuwar lig ɗin a shekarar 2013. Bincike ya sa aka dakatar da manajojin ƙungiyoyi huɗu daga aiki a NWSL har abada, yayin da aka ɗauki matakan ladabtarwa marasa tsanani kan wasu manajoji, kociyoyi da shugabannin gudanarwa. Wannan batu ya sake zama abin tattaunawa sosai sakamakon rikicin Rubiales, wanda ya samo asali daga halayen shugaban hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain, Luis Rubiales, a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA na 2023.

  1. ↑ Don ƙarin bayani, duba sunaye na ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyoyi.
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