Ƙungiyar Ceto ta Musulunci

Ƙungiyar Ceto ta Musulunci
Bayanai
Iri	jam'iyyar siyasa
Ƙasa	Aljeriya
Ideology (en)	Islamism (en) da Pan-Islamism (en)
Mulki
Shugaba	Abassi Madani (en)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	18 ga Faburairu, 1989
Wanda ya samar	Abassi Madani (en)
Dissolved	4 ga Maris, 1992

Ƙungiyar Ceto ta Musulunci ( Arabic الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ  ; French , FIS ) jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai kishin Islama a Aljeriya . Jam’iyyar tana da manyan shugabanni guda biyu da ke wakiltar tushenta guda biyu na goyon bayanta; Abbassi Madani ya yi kira ga ’yan kasuwa masu tsoron Allah, kuma Ali Belhadj ya yi kira ga fusatattun matasa na Algeria marasa aikin yi.

An sanya shi a hukumance a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa a watan Satumbar 1989, kasa da shekara guda bayan haka FIS ta sami fiye da rabin kuri'un da 'yan Aljeriya suka jefa a Zaben kananan hukumomi na 1990. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa yana cin nasara a babban zabe a watan Janairun 1992, juyin mulkin soja ya rushe jam'iyyar, ya kwantar da dubban jami'anta a cikin Sahara. An dakatar da shi a hukumance watanni biyu bayan haka. Rundunarsa mai dauke da makamai, Sojojin Ceto na Musulunci (AIS), sun yi yaƙi a Yaƙin basasar Aljeriya da Gwamnatin Aljeriya daga Yuli 1994 har zuwa rushewarta a watan Janairun 2000.

Manufofin

Wadanda suka kafa FIS da shugabannin ba su yarda da dukkan batutuwa ba, amma sun amince da babban manufar kafa kasar Islama da ke karkashin dokar Shari'a. FIS da sauri ta tara dandamali a cikin 1989, Projet de Programme du Front Islamique du Salut, wanda aka soki shi sosai kamar yadda ba shi da tabbas.

Nasarar zaben da ta samu a shekarar 1990, wanda ya ba ta iko da kananan hukumomi da yawa, ya haifar da sanya mayafi a kan ma'aikatan birni mata, matsawa shagunan giya, shagunan bidiyo da sauran cibiyoyin da aka ɗauka ba Musulunci ba ne don rufewa, da rarrabe wuraren wanka ta hanyar jinsi.

Cire harshen Faransanci da al'adu wani muhimmin batu ne ga mutane da yawa a cikin FIS kamar abokin jagora Ali Benhadj, wanda a cikin 1990 ya bayyana niyyarsa "don hana Faransa daga Aljeriya ta hanyar ilimi da akida, kuma a yi, sau ɗaya kuma don duka, tare da waɗanda Faransa ta kula da madarar da ta guba". Masu fafutuka masu ibada sun cire farantin tauraron dan adam na gidajen da ke karɓar watsa shirye-shiryen tauraron dan Adam na Larabawa da ke karbar Saudiyya. A fannin ilimi, jam'iyyar ta himmatu ga ci gaba da Arabization na tsarin ilimi ta hanyar sauya harshen koyarwa a wasu cibiyoyi, kamar makarantun likita da fasaha, daga Faransanci zuwa Larabci. Yawancin masu karatun digiri na baya-bayan nan, ƙarni na farko bayan 'yancin kai da suka fi karatu a Larabci, sun ji daɗin wannan ma'auni, saboda sun sami ci gaba da amfani da Faransanci a ilimi mafi girma da rayuwar jama'a mai banƙyama da rashin amfani.

Bayan kuri'un farko na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, FIS ta fitar da takarda ta biyu. A fannin tattalin arziki, ya soki tattalin arzikin Aljeriya da aka tsara sosai, yana mai da hankali kan bukatar kare kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da karfafa gasa - samun goyon baya daga 'yan kasuwa da kananan' yan kasuwa - kuma ya bukaci kafa bankin Islama.   Koyaya, shugabannin Abbassi Madani da Abdelkader Hachani dukansu sun yi maganganun adawa da buɗe ƙasar ga gasa daga kasuwancin ƙasashen waje.

A cikin zamantakewa, ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a ba mata ƙarfafawa ta kuɗi don zama a gida maimakon yin aiki a waje, don haka gabatar da rarrabewar jima'i (Ali Belhadj ya kira shi lalata ga maza da mata suyi aiki a cikin ofishin ɗaya) tare da manufar da ake tsammani na kara yawan ayyukan da maza ke akwai a lokacin rashin aikin yi.

A siyasance, saɓani tsakanin kalmomin Madani da Belhadj ya kasance mai ban sha'awa: Madani ya yi Allah wadai da tashin hankali "daga duk inda ya fito", kuma ya bayyana jajircewarsa ga dimokuradiyya da ƙudurin "girmama 'yan tsiraru, koda kuwa an kunshi kuri'a ɗaya".

Belhadj ya ce, "Babu dimokuradiyya a cikin Islama" da kuma "Idan mutane suka jefa kuri'a a kan Dokar Allah... wannan ba komai bane face saɓo. Ulama za su ba da umarnin mutuwar masu laifi waɗanda suka maye gurbin ikonsu ga na Allah".

A wata hira da Daniel Pipes da Patrick Clawson, Anwar Haddam ya ki amincewa da wannan ra'ayi game da Belhadj, yana cewa, "An yi masa kuskuren. An zarge shi da abubuwa saboda fushi. Ya rubuta littafi inda ya bayyana kansa a fili don goyon bayan dimokuradiyya. A ciki, ya rubuta a shafi na 91 cewa "Yammacin ya ci gaba ta hanyar kayar da zalunci da kiyaye 'yanci; wannan shine asirin ci gaban Yammacin duniya."Belhadj yana nufin sau da yawa ga duniyar Yamma da kuma waɗannan dabi'un da mutane ke ƙoƙarin ƙin yarda da mu a cikin iyakokinmu. "

Tarihi

Tarihi

Yanayin zamantakewa wanda ya haifar da kafawa da shahara na FIS sun haɗa da fashewar yawan jama'a a cikin shekarun 1960 da 70 wanda ya fi karfin tattalin arzikin da ya tsaya don samar da ayyuka, gidaje, abinci da ababen more rayuwa na birane ga yawan matasa a cikin birane; [Lura 1] faduwar farashin mai, wanda sayar da shi ya samar da 95% na fitar da Aljeriya da 60% na kasafin kudin; wata jam'iyya guda daya da aka fi dogara da kwaminisanci a cikin manyan matakan soja na 'yanci' yancin kai a cikin shekarun nan' yancin Turai; ya faru a cikin manyan matasan da kuma sanannun nan 'yanci na' yancin duniya na' yanci na'

Ƙungiyoyin Salafist na farko a Aljeriya sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Musulmi Ulemas da Abdel Hamid Ben Badis ya kafa a 1931, wanda kamar Muslim Brotherhood ya yi imanin cewa addini ya kamata ya zama "cikakken mayar da hankali ga rayuwar sirri da al'umma", ya yi wa'azi game da "cambi" na mashahuriyar Islama da al'adun Faransa ko secularism a Aljariya, amma bai shiga siyasa ko inganta jihar Islama ba.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai gwamnatin Houari Boumediene ta fara kamfen na Arabisation da Islama a kan harshen Faransanci wanda har yanzu yana da rinjaye a ilimi mafi girma da kuma sana'o'i. Ya dauki Masarawa don su Arabiya da kuma cire tsarin makarantar, gami da adadi mai yawa na membobin Muslim Brotherhood. Yawancin ƙarni na "malaman da ke magana da harshen Larabci" waɗanda 'yan uwan suka horar sun karɓi imanin malaman su kuma sun ci gaba da zama tushen "masu ilimin Islama" waɗanda suka zama FIS (Ali Belhadj shine babban misali).

A cikin shekarun 1980s gwamnati ta shigo da sanannun malaman Islama guda biyu, Mohammed al-Ghazali da Yusuf al-Qaradawi, don "ƙarfafa bangaren addini" na jam'iyyar National Liberation Front (FLN) mai mulki "ka'idar kishin kasa". Koyaya, malamai biyu sun kasance "masu tafiya" na Muslim Brotherhood, magoya bayan Saudi Arabia da sauran masarautun Gulf, kuma sun goyi bayan "farkawar Islama" a Aljeriya, suna ba da "hidimar baki" kawai ga gwamnati.

Wani mai bin addinin Islama, Mustafa Bouyali, "mai wa'azi mai basira" kuma tsohon soja na gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai na Aljeriya, ya yi kira ga amfani da Shari'a da ƙirƙirar jihar Islama ta hanyar jihadi. Bayan tsanantawa daga jami'an tsaro ya kafa Mouvement Islamique Arme (MIA), "ƙungiya mai sauƙi na ƙananan kungiyoyi", tare da kansa a matsayin amir a shekarar 1982. Kungiyarsa ta gudanar da jerin "harin kai tsaye" a kan gwamnatin kuma ta sami damar yin yaƙi a karkashin kasa na tsawon shekaru biyar kafin a kashe Bouyali a watan Fabrairun 1987.

Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1980s, daruruwan matasa sun bar Aljeriya zuwa sansanonin Peshawar don yin yaƙi da jihadi a Afghanistan. Kamar yadda Aljeriya ta kasance abokiyar kusa da abokin gaba na jihadi da Tarayyar Soviet, waɗannan jihadi sun kasance suna la'akari da jihadi na Afghanistan a matsayin "farko" ga jihadi a kan FLN na Aljeriya. Bayan gwamnatin Marxist a Afghanistan ta fadi, da yawa daga cikin jihadi na Salafist sun koma Aljeriya kuma sun goyi bayan FIS kuma daga baya GIA.

Har ila yau, ƙarawa ga ƙarfin salafist "farfadowar Islama" da Islama ta siyasa a Aljeriya shine rauni (ko rashin wanzuwar) na kowane madadin a cikin hanyar shahararrun 'yan uwantaka Musulmi waɗanda gwamnatin FLN ta rushe su don ramawa saboda rashin goyon baya kuma gwamnatin FLN ce ta kwace ƙasarsu kuma ta sake rarraba su bayan samun' yancin kai

A lokacin da kuma bayan Rikicin Oktoba na 1988, 'yan Islama sun "tsaya kan gina gadoji ga matasa matalauta na birane". Rikicin ya "ƙasa" bayan ganawa tsakanin Shugaba Chadli da Musulmai Ali Belhadj da membobin Muslim Brotherhood .

Kafuwa

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1988, an yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Aljeriya gyara domin ba da damar jam’iyyun da ba na mulkin kasar ba, kamar Jam’iyyar National Liberation Front (FLN), su samu rajista da aiki a hukumance. Daga baya aka kafa FIS a birnin Algiers a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1989, karkashin jagorancin wani dattijo sheikh mai suna Abbassi Madani, tare da wani matashin limamin masallaci mai jawo hankali, Ali Belhadj. Ra’ayoyin jam’iyyar sun ratsa fadin ra’ayoyin masu kishin addinin Islama, kodayake ba duka ba, wanda shugabannin biyu ke wakilta. Abbassi Madani, farfesa a Jami’ar Algiers kuma tsohon dan gwagwarmayar ‘yancin kai, ya wakilci ra’ayin addini na matsakaicin ra’ayi tare da danganta jam’iyyar da yakin neman ‘yancin Aljeriya, wanda FLN ke amfani da shi a matsayin sahihancin mulkinta. Burinsa shi ne “musuluntar da tsarin mulki ba tare da canza ginshikan al’umma ba.” Jam’iyyar ta samu rajista a hukumance a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1989.

Ali Belhadj, malamin makarantar sakandare ne, ya fi jan hankali matasa da wadanda ba su da manyan ilimi. Shi ƙwararren mai jawabi ne wanda ke iya tayar da hankali ko kwantar da hankalin dubban matasa hittiestes da ke sauraron sa. Amma jawaban sa masu tsanani sun tayar da hankalin wadanda ba ‘yan Islama ba da kuma mata masu fafutuka. Ana ganin yana wakiltar ra’ayin Salafiyya. Yayin da Madani ke goyon bayan dimokuradiyya da jam’iyyu da dama, Belhadj ya soki hakan yana ganin yana barazana ga shari’a. Goyon bayansu ga kasuwanci na ‘yanci da kuma kin amincewa da masu mulki ya ja hankalin ‘yan kasuwa na matsakaicin matsayi da ke jin an barsu a baya a harkar tattalin arziki.

Kamar yadda aka gani a wasu kasashen Musulmi da suka bai wa ‘yan adawa dama da gudanar da zabe na gaskiya a karon farko, FIS ta ci gajiyar kasancewarta jam’iyyar addini. Ba kamar jam’iyyun sekula ba, tana da “ingantaccen tsarin masu wa’azi a cikin masallatai.” Tushen magoya bayanta ya karu cikin sauri ta hanyar masu wa’azi da ke yada manufofin jam’iyyar a cikin masallatai masu goyon baya.