Ƙungiyar Fabian

Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/ ) kungiya ce ta gurguzu ta Burtaniya wacce manufarta ita ce inganta ka'idodin dimokuradiyya da dimokuradiyar dimokuradiya ta hanyar kokarin sannu a hankali da sake fasalin a cikin dimokuradiyawa, maimakon ta hanyar juyin juya hali. Yana da alaƙa da tarihi da wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyin hagu na tsattsauran ra'ayi, al'adar sassaucin ra'ayi ta hagu.

A matsayin daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka kafa Kwamitin Wakilan Labour a cikin 1900, kuma a matsayin muhimmiyar tasiri a kan Jam'iyyar Labour wacce ta girma daga gare ta, Fabian Society ta rinjayi siyasar Burtaniya sosai. Membobin Fabian Society sun hada da shugabannin siyasa daga wasu ƙasashe, kamar Jawaharlal Nehru da Lee Kuan Yew, wadanda suka karɓi ka'idodin Fabian a matsayin wani ɓangare na ra'ayoyinsu na siyasa. Kungiyar Fabian ta kafa Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London a cikin 1895.

A yau, al'umma tana aiki da farko a matsayin tanki mai tunani kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gurguzu ashirin da ke da alaƙa da Jam'iyyar Labour. Irin waɗannan al'ummomi suna nan a Ostiraliya, Kanada, New Zealand da Italiya.

Tarihin ƙungiya

An kafa ƙungiyar Fabian Society a ranar 4 ga Janairu 1884 a Landan a matsayin reshen wata al'umma da aka kafa shekara guda da ta gabata, mai suna Ƙungiyar Sabuwar Rayuwa, wadda ta kasance ginshiƙin ƙungiyoyin ɗabi'a da na ɗan adam na Birtaniya. Membobin ƙungiyar Farko sun haɗa da fitattun mutane masu hangen nesa na zamanin Victorian, daga cikinsu akwai mawaƙa Edward Carpenter da John Davidson, masanin jinsi Havelock Ellis, da kuma tsohon ɗan gurguzu Edward R. Pease . Suna son canza al'umma ta hanyar kafa misali na rayuwa mai tsabta don wasu su bi. Wasu membobi kuma suna son shiga siyasa don taimakawa sauyin al'umma; sun kafa wata ƙungiya daban, ƙungiyar Fabian Society. Duk membobi suna da 'yancin halartar ƙungiyoyin biyu. Ƙungiyar Fabian ta kuma ba da shawarar sabunta ra'ayoyin Renaissance na Yammacin Turai da kuma yaɗa su a duk faɗin duniya.

An rushe Fellowship of the New Life a shekara ta 1899, amma Fabian Society ta girma ta zama babbar ƙungiyar ilimi a Ƙasar Ingila a Zamanin Edwardian. Mambobin kungiyar Coefficients na gaba ne suka nuna hakan. An gudanar da tarurrukan jama'a na Society na shekaru da yawa a Essex Hall, wani sanannen wuri kusa da Strand a Tsakiyar London.

Blue plaque a 17 Osnaburgh St, inda aka kafa Society a 1884

An sanya wa ƙungiyar Fabian suna—bisa shawarar Frank Podmore —don girmama janar ɗin Romawa Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Cunctator, ma'ana "Jinkiri"). Dabarunsa na Fabian ya nemi nasara a hankali a kan rundunar sojojin Carthaginian a ƙarƙashin sanannen janar Hannibal ta hanyar juriya, tursasawa, da kuma sanya abokan gaba cikin damuwa maimakon faɗace-faɗace masu zafi.