Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci Ta Duniya

Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci Ta Duniya
Bayanai
Iri	non-governmental organization (en)
Masana'anta	international trade (en)
Ƙasa	Faransa
Mulki
Shugaba	Philippe Varin (mul)
Hedkwata	Palais d'Iéna (en)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1919
Wanda ya samar	Étienne Clémentel (mul)
iccwbo.org

Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (ICC; Faransanci: Chambre de commerce internationale) ita ce Cibiyar Kasuwanci mafi girma, mafi yawan wakilan Ƙungiyar kasuwanci a duniya. ICC tana wakiltar kamfanoni sama da miliyan 45 a cikin ƙasashe sama da Guda 170 waɗanda ke da sha'awa a kowane ɓangare na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

shugaban ƙungiyar ICC's shi ne Philippe Varin da kuma John W.H. Denton AO a matsayin sakataren janar

ICC tana da manyan ayyuka guda uku, sune kamar haka: saita dokoki, warware rikice-rikice, da kuma gabatar da manufofi. Saboda kamfanonin membobinta da ƙungiyoyi da kansu suna shiga cikin kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa, ICC tana da iko mara misaltuwa wajen yin dokoki waɗanda ke jagorantar gudanar da kasuwanci a faɗin iyakoki. Koda yake waɗannan dokoki na son rai ne, ana kiyaye su a cikin dubban ma'amaloli kowace rana kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na cinikayya ta duniya.

Cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta kwamitocin ƙasa a cikin ƙasashe sama da Guda 90 tana ba da shawarar fifiko na kasuwanci a matakin ƙasa da na yanki. Fiye da masana 5,000 da aka samo daga kamfanonin membobin ICC suna aiki da iliminsu da gogewa don tsara matsayin ICC kan takamaiman batutuwan kasuwanci ta hanyar Kwamitin Manufofin ICC na musamman.

Ƙungiyar ICC ita kaɗai ce ƙungiyar kasuwanci da ke da matsayin mai lura a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma tana da wakilin murya don kasuwanci a Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, da sauran hukumomin gwamnati da yawa, na ƙasa da ƙasa da na yanki, kamar G20 a madadin kasuwancin duniya. ICC ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da aka bata matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da kuma Matsayin Mai Bincike na Majalisar .

Tarihi

An kafa Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a cikin Shekarar 1919 saboda yin hidima ga kasuwancin duniya ta hanyar inganta kasuwanci da saka hannun jari, buɗe kasuwanni don kayayyaki da aiyuka, da kuma gudanar da kyauta ga babban birnin. An kafa sakatariyar ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙasar Paris da kuma Kotun Arbitration ta Duniya a cikin Shekarar 1923. Shugabanta na farko shi ne Ministan Kudi na Faransa Étienne Clementel .

Shugaban farko na Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Duniya, Étienne Clementel

Kasancewa memba

Ana samun memba ta hanyar alaƙa da Kwamitin kasa na ICC ko ta hanyar aike saƙo kai tsaye ga Sakatariyar Duniya ta ICC .

Ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa

Majalisar Duniya

Babban hukumar ICC ita ce Majalisar Duniya, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilan kwamitocin ƙasa. Majalisar Duniya ta zaɓi manyan jami'an ICC, gami da kujera da mataimakan shugabanni, sannan kuma kowannensu yana aiki na tsawon shekaru uku. Mataimakin Shugaban da Kuma Shugaban girmamawa (shugaban da ya gabata) suna ba ƙungiyar babban jagoranci.

Kwamitin zartarwa

Kwamitin zartarwa ne ke ba da jagorar dabarun ICC, wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa shugabannin kasuwanci 30 da membobin ex-officio. Majalisar Duniya ce ta zaɓe shi bisa ga shawarar Shugabancin. Ana taro sau uku a shekara, kwamitin zartarwa yana kula da kafa abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci na ICC da aiwatar da manufofinta.

Sakatariyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa

Hedikwatar Duniya ta ƙungiyar ICC, wacce ke zaune a birnin Paris, ita ce ma'aikatar aiki na ICC. Tana haɓaka da aiwatar da shirin aiki na ICC, tana gudanar da ra'ayoyin kasuwanci a cikin ƙungiyoyin gwamnati a kan batutuwan da ke shafar ayyukan kasuwanci kai tsaye. Sakatariyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sakatare Janar, wanda Majalisar Duniya ta naɗa.

Kwamitocin ƙasa

A cikin ƙasashe sama da guda 90 na duniya, membobin sun kafa tsarin ƙungiyar ICC na yau da kullun da ake kira kwamitocin ƙasa. A cikin ƙasashe inda babu kwamitin ƙasa, kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyi kamar ɗakunan kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na iya zama mambobi kai tsaye.

Kwamitin Kuɗi

Kwamitin Kuɗi yana ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi ɓangaren kuɗi. A madadin kwamitin zartarwa, yana shirya kasafin kuɗi kuma yana ba da rahoto ga kwamitin a kai-a kai. Yana sake nazarin tasirin kuɗi na ayyukan ƙungiyar ICC kuma yana kula da kwararar kuɗaɗen shiga na ƙungiyar.

Ayyukan warware rikice-rikice

Ayyukan warware matsaloli na ƙungiyar ICC suna taimakawa wajen magance matsaloli a harkokin kasuwanci na duniya. ICC Arbitration hanya ce ta sirri wacce ke haifar da yanke shawara mai ɗaurewa da kuma aiwatar da ita.

Kotun Arbitration ta Duniya ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Duniya tana jagorantar Arbitration na ICC kuma ta karɓi shari'o'i sama da Guda 28,000 tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1923. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, aikin kotun ya ƙaru sosai.

Har ila yau, membobin kotun sun Ƙaru kuma sun rufe ƙasashe da yankuna Guda 85. Tare da wakilai a Arewacin Amurka, Latin da Amurka ta tsakiya, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya, Kotun ICC ta kara yawan ayyukan horar da ita a duk nahiyoyi da kuma dukkan manyan harsuna da aka yi amfani da su a cinikin duniya.

Ayyukan warware matsaloli na ƙungiyar na ICC sun wanzu a cikin nau'o'i da yawa, gasu kamar haka!

• Arbitration hanya ce mai sassauƙa da inganci mai warware rikice-rikice wanda ke haifar da ɗaurewa da yanke shawara na ƙarshe wanda ke ƙarƙashin tilasta a duk duniya.
• Matsakanci wata dabara ce mai sauƙi, wacce aka gudanar a asirce da kuma sirri, inda mai ba da shawara mai tsaka-tsaki ke taimaka wa bangarorin neman sasantawa game da takaddamar su.
• Allon jayayya ƙungiyoyi ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka tsara don taimakawa warware rashin jituwa da ke tasowa yayin kwangila.
• Kwarewa wata hanya ce ta gano mutumin da ya dace don yin kimantawa mai zaman kansa a kan kowane batun da ya dace da ayyukan kasuwanci.
• DOCDEX yana ba da shawarwari na ƙwararru don warware rikice-rikice da suka shafi ƙididdigar takardun shaida, tattarawa da tabbacin buƙata, tare da haɗa ƙa'idojin banki na ICC.

Hanyoyin sasantawa 'da sauri' suna aiki ta atomatik inda rikice-rikice suka kai dala miliyan 2 ko ƙasa da haka, idan an yi yarjejeniyar sasantawa bayan ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, sai dai ɓangarorin sun fice daga cikin hanyar da aka hanzarta a cikin yarjejeniyar su.

Manufofi da ayyukan kasuwanci

Manufofin ƙungiyar ICC, dokoki da ƙa'idoji ana shirya su ne ta hanyar aikin ƙungiyoyin na musamman. Hanyar al'ada tana buƙatar bayanin manufofi da farko da kwamiti ya karɓa, tare da tuntuɓar kwamitocin ƙasa, sannan kwamitin zartarwa ya amince da su, kafin a iya ɗaukar su a matsayin hukuma da na jama'a na ƙungiyar ICC.

Kwamitocin suna nazarin manyan batutuwan manufofi na sha'awa ga kasuwancin duniya. Kowane kwamitin ƙasa (NC) ko rukuni na iya naɗa wakilai don wakiltar shi a tarurruka. Shugaba da Sakatare Janar ne ke naɗa jami'ai tare da tuntubar NCs. Ana gudanar da tarurruka na kwamitocin sau biyu a shekara.

An kafa rundunonin aiki a ƙarƙashin kwamitocin daban-daban na ɗan lokaci don aiwatar da takamaiman ayyukan da kuma ba da rahoto ga kwamishinan iyayensu. Wasu rundunonin aiki na iya haɗawa da wakilan kwamitoci fiye da ɗaya.

Dokar Talla da Tallace-tallace Sadarwa

Dokar Talla da Sadarwar Talla ta ƙungiyar ICC, tana tallafawa tallace-tallace na duniya. Wannan Dokar ta kafa ƙa'idoji da jagororin ɗabi'a ga kamfanoni ta amfani da fasahar da ke canzawa da sauri a yau, kayan aiki da dabarun don sayar da kayayyaki da aiyuka. Masana daga dukkan ɓangarorin masana'antu da dukkan yankuna na duniya ne suka ƙirƙireshi, manufar lambar ita ce kare masu amfani ta hanyar tsara jagororin tallace-tallace masu alhakin.

An tsara Dokar a cikin manyan sassan biyu - Babban tanadi da Babi. Sashe na General Provisions ya ƙunshi ƙa'idoji na asali da sauran mahimman ra'ayoyi waɗanda suka shafi duk tallace-tallace a duk kafofin watsa labarai. Babi na Code suna da cikakkun bayanai kuma suna amfani da takamaiman wuraren tallace-tallace, gami da: Tallace-tsala, Tallace na kai tsaye, Kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da Da'awar Tallacewar Muhalli.

Ƙungiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

A cikin shekara ta 1951, ƙungiyar ICC ta kafa Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (WCF), wanda ya kasance Ofishin Kasuwanci na Duniya. WCF ita ce dandalin tattaunawa na musamman na duniya wanda ke haɗa cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta ɗakunan kasuwanci da masana'antu. Tana da niyyar haɗawa da ƙarfafa ɗakunan da kuma sauƙaƙe musayar mafi kyawun aiki da ci gaban sabbin samfuran duniya da ayyuka don ɗakunan, da haɓaka haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa tsakanin ɗakunan da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don taimakawa kasuwancin cikin gida su girma. WCF ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, tare da membobinta da ke ƙunshe da ɗakunan kasuwanci na gida, yanki, ƙasa, na biyu da na ƙasashen duniya, da kuma ɗakunan shari'a na jama'a da na masu zaman kansu.

Ƙungiyar ICC da membobinta ne suka kafa WCF bayan wani ƙuduri a ƙarshen Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (Roma 1950). A taron kwamitin da aka gudanar a birnin Paris a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1950, an fara sanin WCF a matsayin Ofishin Bayanai na Kasuwanci na Duniya. Yayinda rawar da take takawa ta faɗaɗa, sannan kuma ta girma a cikin shekara 1960, sunanta ya canza ya zama Ofishin Kasuwanci na Duniya kuma a cikin watan Yunin shekara ta 2001, an san ta da Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Duniya.

WCF kuma tana shirya Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka adana a cikin shekarun 2016-11-13 a kowane shekaru biyu a wani yanki daban na duniya. Majalisa ita ce kawai taron ƙasa da ƙasa don shugabannin majalisa da masu sana'a don raba ayyukan da suka fi kyau, musayar fahimta, haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa, magance sabbin batutuwan kasuwanci da ke shafar al'ummominsu, da kuma koyo game da sababbin wuraren kirkire-kirkire daga majalisa a duniya.

A lokacin Majalisa, ƙungiyar WCF ta kuma sanar da waɗanda suka lashe gasar World Chambers Competition Archived 2016-11-03 a , shirin bayar da kyaututtuka na duniya kawai don sanin ayyukan da suka fi dacewa da ɗakunan kasuwanci da masana'antu daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Horarwa da tarukan da suka faru

An shirya shi a duk faɗin duniya, Abubuwan da suka faru na ICC sun fito ne daga manyan tarurruka na musamman zuwa zaman horo ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙungiyoyin suna raba ƙwarewar ICC game da sasantawa ta kasuwanci da hanyoyin warware matsaloli da kuma kayan aikin kasuwanci na ƙungiyar ICC ciki har da dokokin Incoterms, Al'adu da Ayyuka don Kyautar Takaddun shaida (UCP) da kwangila ta duniya.

Kwalejin ICC ita ce ƙungiyar horo ta ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya kuma tana ba da takaddun shaida na kan layi da sabis na ci gaban ƙwararru don biyan buƙatun ilimi na bankunan, kamfanoni da sauran ƙungiyoyi a gaban kasuwancin duniya. Shirye-shiryen na musamman, darussan e-koyaswa da takaddun shaida an tsara su ne ta hanyar masana da masu aiki na Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya.

Littattafai

ICC Publications ita ce cibiyar wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya wacce ke ba da kasuwanci tare da mahimman albarkatu a cikin manyan rukunoni uku: Dokokin ICC da jagororin, sharhin da suka dace, da ayyukan bincike. Abubuwan da ke cikin wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyar ICC sun samo asali ne daga aikin kwamitocin ICC, cibiyoyi da masana na duniya.

ICC ta wallafa galibi ga lauyoyi na karya da ƙasa, masu sasantawa, bankunan, ƴan kasuwa da ɗalibai da ke rufe batutuwa kamar banki na ƙasa da ƙasa, bayanan kasuwanci na ƙasa da duniya da sharuɗɗa, doka da sasantawa da zamba da kwangilar kasuwanci. Littattafan da aka fi sani game da su, sune kamar haka: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits and Incoterms, an fassara su cikin harsuna sama da 30.

ICC tana ba da wallafe-wallafen ta a cikin tsarin takarda na gargajiya ba, har ma a cikin tsarin lantarki, eBooks, a kan ICC Store.

Dubi kuma

• Rashin hankali
• Philippe Varin