Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar haɗin kan Afirka da ke Gudanar da Takamaiman Batutuwan Ƴan Gudun Hijira a Afirka
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
Yarjejeniyar Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) da ke kula da takamaiman batutuwa na matsalolin 'yan gudun hijira a Afirka, wanda kuma ake kira Yarjejeniyar' yan gudun hijira ta OAU, ko Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun gudun hijira na 1969, kayan aiki ne na yanki wanda ke kula da kariya ga' yan gudun gudun hijirar a Afirka. Ya ƙunshi sharuɗɗa 15 kuma an kafa shi a Addis Ababa a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1969, kuma ya shiga cikin tilas a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1974. Ya gina a kan Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta 1951 da Yarjejeniyar 1967 kuma ya rinjayi Sanarwar Cartagena ta 1984 da Yarjejeniya ta Kampala ta 2009. Tarihin Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1969 shine zamanin mulkin mallaka, wariyar launin fata, da kuma tashin hankali na siyasa da soja na cikin gida.[1]
Jihohi ko gwamnatoci 41 ne suka sanya hannu a kan shi kuma a halin yanzu 46 daga cikin kasashe 55 na Tarayyar Afirka sun tabbatar da shi. Ita ce kawai kayan aiki na doka na yanki kan batutuwan 'yan gudun hijira a kasashe masu tasowa da kuma yanki na Yarjejeniyar' yan gudun hijira ta 1951.
Sabbin abubuwa na shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta 1969 ta yi wasu gagarumin ci gaba daga Yarjejeniyar' yan gudun hijira na 1951.
- An haramta nuna bambanci ga 'yan gudun hijira bisa ƙarin dalilai na kasancewa memba na wani rukuni na zamantakewa, ƙasa, ko ra'ayi na siyasa. Wadannan dalilan ba su nan a Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951.
- Duk wani ɗan gudun hijira wanda ya "yi mummunan laifi ba na siyasa ba a waje da ƙasar mafakarsa bayan an shigar da shi a wannan ƙasar a matsayin ɗan gudun hijirar" ko kuma wanda "ya yi akasin manufofi da ka'idodin OAU" za a cire shi daga ma'anar.[2] Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi haramtacciyar 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka su shiga cikin duk wani aikin tawaye a kan kowace kasashe membobin.
- Ya ƙunshi shawarwari don raba nauyi da alhakin, hadin kai da hadin kai tsakanin kasashe membobin, kamar sake zama na yanki da tallafin kuɗi.
- Ya kawar da manufar mafaka, aikin zaman lafiya da jin kai, kuma ya bayyana cewa jihohin membobin ba za su sake ɗauka a matsayin aikin rashin abokantaka ba kuma yana roƙon jihohin membobinsu su ba da mafaka ga mutanen da suka fada cikin ma'anar 'yan gudun hijira. Ganin cewa yana ci gaba a nan daga Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 har yanzu ba ya ba mutum damar samun mafaka (ya kasance ikon jihar don ba da wannan dama). [3]
- Ya gabatar da haramcin ""cikakke"" na sakewa, yayin da Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 ta ba da izinin dawowa ko fitar da' yan gudun hijira idan tsaron kasa na jihar zai kasance cikin haɗari. Koyaya, idan masu neman mafaka sun aikata wasu manyan laifuka, za a cire su daga ma'anar 'yan gudun hijira kuma har yanzu ana iya dawo da su ko fitar da su. Saboda haka, an iyakance shi ne kawai amma ba a haramta shi ba.[3]
- An fara tsara ka'idar dawo da son rai. Koyaya, halin da ake ciki a ƙasar asalin da ɗan gudun hijira zai dawo, ba a bayyana shi ba kuma saboda haka ba a buƙatar canji mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayi da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam a wannan ƙasar.[4]
fadada ma'anar kalmar 'yan gudun hijira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta 1969 ta fadada ma'anar 1951 na wanda yake ɗan gudun hijira:
- An kara sakin layi na biyu ga ma'anar kalmar "mai gudun hijira", wanda ya haɗa da "harin waje, zama, mulkin kasashen waje ko abubuwan da ke damun jama'a" a matsayin dalilan tashi.[2] Wannan ya haɗa da yanayin haɗari waɗanda ba su dogara da matakin da aka yi da gangan ba, watau tushen haɗari ba ya buƙatar zama jihar ko wakilan ta. Wannan ya haɗa da waɗanda ke tserewa daga bala'in muhalli kamar fari da yunwa. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa tsoron haɗari ba kawai yana da alaƙa da martani na mutum ba har ma da abin da ke haifar da yanayin 'yan gudun hijira. Wannan canji a cikin ma'anar ya shirya hanya don ƙaddamar da matsayin 'yan gudun hijira na "firamare".
- Ganin cewa Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 tana amfani da "ƙasarsa ta ƙasa" a matsayin yanki wanda dole ne ɗan gudun hijira ya tsere daga ciki, sakin layi na biyu na ma'anar a cikin Yarjejeniyar' yan Gudun Hijiri ta 1969 yana amfani da "wurin zama na al'ada" a matsayin tsarin ƙasa.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The 1969 OAU Convention and the continuing challenge for the African Union | Forced Migration Review". Archived from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Ambf CMS". Archived from the original on 2019-11-21. Retrieved 2017-01-22. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-01-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "Alternative Standards Specific to Refugees - the Regional Level — Forced Migration Online". Archived from the original on 2017-02-19. Retrieved 2017-01-22.