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Ƙungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Habasha

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Ƙungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Habasha
Bayanai
Iri ma'aikata
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira Disamba 1932

Ƙungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Habasha ƙungiya ce ta Afrika-Amurka da ke Chicago, Illinois. Ya yi aiki a cikin shekarar 1930s da 1940s, kuma ya inganta mayar da Amurkawa na Afirka zuwa nahiyar Afirka, musamman Laberiya. Suna da alaƙa da Black Dragon Society.[1][2]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kafa kungiyar a watan Disamba 1932 a Chicago, Illinois.[3][4] Sun haɗu a 4653 South State Street. [3] A cikin shekarar 1930s da 1940s, tana da mambobi sama da 300,000. [4]

Wacce ta kafa kuma shugaban ita ce Mittie Maud Gordon.[4][5][6] Ta kasance tsohuwar memba na Ƙungiyar Inganta Negro ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Afirka, kuma mai goyon bayan Marcus Garvey.[4][6][7]

Kungiyar ta ba da shawarar mayar da Amurkawa Afirka zuwa Afirka.[8] Tun a shekara ta 1933, sun roki shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya mayar da su gida, suna masu jayayya cewa kuɗin zai yi ƙasa da “sadaka” da suka samu a Amurka don tsira. Bayan shekara guda, a cikin shekarar 1934, sun fara aiki tare da mai wa'azin Methodist Earnest Sevier Cox, marubucin White America, kuma mai ba da shawara na sake dawowa, da Sanata Theodore Bilbo.[8][9] A cikin shekarar 1938, wasu mambobi biyu na ƙungiyar, David Logan da Joseph Rockmore, sun tafi Laberiya na wata ɗaya. [9] A can, sun haɗu da Thomas J. Faulkner na Jam'iyyar Jama'a, wanda ya yi takarar shugaban ƙasa (kuma ya faɗi) a shekarar 1927. [9] Sun kuma tuntuɓi Edwin Barclay, wanda ya zama shugaban Kasar Laberiya na 18 daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1944. [9] Sai dai ya mayar da martani da cewa ba ya tunanin gwamnatin Amurka za ta biya kuɗin tafiyar nasu. [9] Domin a yi musu wahala wajen yin hijira, ya ƙara da cewa dole ne su mallaki akalla dalar Amurka 1,000 idan sun isa Laberiya. [9]

Ƙungiyar ta goyi bayan Dokar Laberiya ta Babban Sanata Bilbo na shekarar 1939. Shugaban ƙungiyar Gordon ya kira shi "Babban Farin Uba" saboda wanda ya ɗauki nauyin kudirin.[10] Bayan mutuwar Sanata a shekarar 1947, tare da Universal African National Movement, wata kungiyar da ke goyon bayan komowar Afirka-Amurka da ke birnin New York, sun tambayi Sanata Strom Thurmond, John C. Stennis na Mississippi da Richard Russell, Jr. na Jojiya don ba da shawarwarin kudirin mulkin mallaka. [5] Sun ki yarda, suna mai mai da martani da cewa wasu daga cikin mazaɓarsu, waɗanda har yanzu suke masu noman gonaki, suna buƙatar ma’aikata, kuma kudirin zai sabawa imaninsu na ‘yancin jihohin, domin yana buƙatar tallafin gwamnatin tarayya don tafiyar. [5]

Black Dragon Society

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Hukumar ta FBI ta ɗauki ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta Habasha a matsayin "gaba marar sani" ga Black Dragon Society. Yawancin kuɗaɗen PME sun fito ne daga babban jakadan Japan a New York da San Francisco. A shekara ta 1938, Satokata Takahashi ne ke gudanar da PME.[11]

Ayyuka masu tayar da hankali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 1942, an ɗaure Gordon, shugaban kungiyar zaman lafiya ta Habasha tare da wasu shugabannin addinai. Harin, wanda ya faru a watan Oktoban 1942, ya kuma haɗa da wasu ƙungiyoyi biyu masu goyon bayan Japanawa na Afirka-Amurka: Brotherhood of Liberty for the Black Man of America da Temple of Islam.[12][13] Har ila yau, ya haɗa da membobi daga World Wide Friends of Africa. [13] Gordon ta ce tana da mabiya miliyan huɗu, kuma dukkansu an koya musu cewa su ’yan ƙasar Laberiya ne, don haka ba su da aikin zaɓe.[14]

Lokacin da ƙungiyar ta wargaje, mambobi da yawa sun shiga Nation of Islam, wata ƙungiyar Afrika-Amurka.

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Motsin Pacific na Gabashin Duniya

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Gallichio, Marc (2000). The African American Encounter with Japan and China: Black Internationalism in Asia, 1895-1945. North Carolina Press. ISBN 080782559X.
  2. ↑ Kearney, Reginald (1998). African American Views of the Japanese: Solidarity or Sedition?. SUNY Press. ISBN 0791439119.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Michael A. Gomez, Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 213.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Blain, Keisha, "Confraternity Among All Dark Races: Mittie Maude Lena Gordon and the Practice of Black (Inter)nationalism in Chicago". Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International, Vol. 3, no. 3, forthcoming.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935-1960, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1996, p. 108.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Adam Ewing, The Age of Garvey: How a Jamaican Activist Created a Mass Movement and Changed Global Black Politics, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2014, p. 240.
  7. ↑ Tony Martin, Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, The Majority Press, 1976 , p. 349.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Douglas Smith, Earnest Sevier Cox (1880–1966) Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Virginia.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Ibrahim Sundiata, Brothers and Strangers: Black Zion, Black Slavery, 1914–1940, Duke University Press, 2004.
  10. ↑ "Sen. Bilbo Idol of Suspect in Sedition Case", Baltimore Afro-American, February 6, 1943.
  11. ↑ Kashima, Tetsuden (2003). Judgment Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment During World War II. University of Washington Press. p. 229. ISBN 0295982993.
  12. ↑ "Indict 24 More Negro Cultists In Draft Cases", The Chicago Tribune, October 20, 1942.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "U.S. At War: Takcihashi's Blacks" Archived 2019-05-14 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, October 5, 1942.
  14. ↑ "U.S. At War: Takcihashi's Blacks Monday". Time. October 5, 1942. Missing or empty |url= (help)
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