Ƙungiyar neman 'Yanci ta Ƙasa ta Equatorial Guinea
 Ƙungiyar neman 'Yanci ta Ƙasa ta Equatorial Guinea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | jam'iyyar siyasa |
Ideology (en)  | Kishin ƙasa |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata | Gini Ikwatoriya |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1950 |
National Movement for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial, Monalige) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a Equatorial Guinea wanda Acacio Mañé Ela ya kafa. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin siyasa na farko na neman yancin kai a cikin Guinee na Sipaniya, a cikin shekarun 1950.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kirkiro Monalige a farkon shekarun 1950, [1] ko da yake wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa ranar da aka kirkiro ta ta kasance a cikin shekarar 1947 ko 1948. A wancan lokacin an ba ta suna National Crusade for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Cruzada Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial, NCLEG). Acacio Mañé Ela ne ya jagoranci NCLEG, wanda a wancan lokacin ya ci gaba da shahara sosai ga ra'ayoyinsa na neman 'yancin kai, wanda aka gudanar a cikin mafi yawan ilimi ko wadata zamantakewa da kuma mutane masu tasiri na zamantakewa, irin su malamai, masu gudanarwa, manoma da catechists. Wasu daga cikin fitattun magoya bayansa sun haɗa da Bubi Marcos Ropo Uri, Fang Enrique Nwo da Francisco Ondo Micha. A cikin shekarar 1959, hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun kashe Acacio Mañé Ela.
A cikin shekarar 1950s (kwanakin sun bambanta dangane da tushen da aka tuntuɓi: 1952, 1956 ko 1959), [2] [3] [4] NCLEG ta canza sunanta zuwa National Movement for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea (Monalige, farkon Monalige ), a cikin shirin Nsiongo a matsayin babban jam'iyyar Atana. Sauran shugabannin Monalige sun haɗa da Abilio Balboa Arkins, Fasto Torao Sikara, Francisco Dougan Mendo, Felipe Njoli, Agustín Efieso, Esteban Nsue, Ángel Masié da Justino Mbi. Magoya bayan Monalige galibi sun fito ne daga ƙwararrun bourgeoisie, gami da ƙanana da matsakaitan ƴan kasuwa da ƙwararru. Hedkwatar Monalige tana cikin Malabo. Monalige ta kuma ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Mashahurin Idea na Equatorial Guinea (PIEG). [5] [6] [7]
Ayyuka a lokacin mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Atanasio Ndongo da wasu shugabannin Monalige sun fuskanci tsanantawa daga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Spain waɗanda suka zargi jam'iyyar da gurguzu. [8] [9] [10] An kai su gudun hijira a Gabon. A shekarar 1961 gwamnatin Gabon ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaba Léon M'ba ta amince da Monalige. [11]
A cikin shekarar 1962, Leon M'ba ya buƙaci 'yancin kai na Equatorial Guinea tare da IPGE a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na musamman.[12]
Bayan da ƙasar Sipaniya-Guinea ta sami 'yancin cin gashin kai a shekarar 1964, shugabannin Monalige da yawa (wanda hukumomin mulkin mallaka suka riga suka gane, amma har yanzu ba a ganin su) sun dawo daga gudun hijira.[13] Atanasio Ndongo, duk da haka, ba zai koma ƙasarsa ba sai a shekarar 1966. A lokacin da aka kafa gwamnatin Bonifacio Ondó Edu mai cin gashin kanta, Monalige ya riga ya kasance babban motsi tare da kafaffen tushe na tallafi tsakanin Equatorial Guinea, saɓanin PIEG, wanda ya rasa dubban mambobinta. Yawancin membobin PIEG da MUNGE sun shiga Monalige, ciki har da Francisco Macías Nguema, Mataimakin Shugaban Gwamnatin Mai Zaman Kanta. Ba kamar jam'iyyu irin su MUNGE ko IPGE ba, MNGLE ta ba da shawarar samun 'yancin kai na Guinee na Sipaniya, amma ta ci gaba da samun matsakaicin matsayi.[14]
MNGLE ta tallafa wa kungiyoyi irin su Janar Union of Workers of Equatorial Guinea (UGTGE, ƙungiyar da ta ƙarfafa Kirista) da ƙungiyar matasa da aka sani da Blue Militia. [15][1]
'Yancin kai da haramun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]MNGLE ta halarci taron tsarin mulkin Equatorial Guinea na shekarar 1968, lokacin da aka kirkiro sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Equatorial Guinea. MNGLE ya yi yakin neman amincewa da wannan kundin tsarin mulki a zaɓen raba gardama na watan Agusta 1968. [16]
Domin babban zaɓen Equatorial Guinea na shekarar 1968, jam'iyyar ta gabatar da Atanasio Ndongo a matsayin ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa. Ndongo ya samu kashi 19.88% na kuri'un, sannan MNGLE ta samu kujeru 10 a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. A zagaye na biyu, MNGLE ta ba da goyon bayanta ga ɗan takarar IPGE Francisco Macías Nguema, wanda a ƙarshe za a zaɓa shugaban ƙasa, ya doke ɗan takarar MUNGE Bonifacio Ondó Edu. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Equatorial Guinea, 'yan siyasar MNGLE da dama sun karɓi muƙamai a sabuwar gwamnatin ƙasar, ciki har da Atanasio Ndongo ya zama ministan harkokin waje da Ángel Masié ya zama ministan cikin gida. An zaɓi Fasto Torao a matsayin shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar.
Bayan yunƙurin juyin mulkin 1969 da Atanasio Ndongo ya yi na hambarar da shugaba Macias, an kama shugabanin MNGLE da yawa (ciki har da Ndongo kansa, Saturnino Ibongo Iyanga, Armando Balboa da Fasto Torao) tare da kashe shi. A cikin shekarar 1970, an haramtawa MNGLE tare da sauran jam'iyyun da ake da su bayan Macias ya kafa jam'iyyar United National Workers' Party (PUNT) a matsayin jam'iyyar shari'a ɗaya tilo kuma ya fara mulkin kama-karya wanda zai ɗorewa har zuwa shekara ta 1979.
Yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu MNGLE tana ci gaba da ayyukanta a gudun hijira, tana ci gaba da aiki har yau. A yau, wani ɓangare ne na masu adawa da gwamnatin Teodoro Obiang kuma yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Adolfo Obiang Bikó. [17]
Tarihin zaɓe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Zabe | Kujeru | +/- | Matsayi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 10 / 35 |
 10
|
3rd
|
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Chronology of Equatorial Guinea: 1950 / 1979 From independence to the trial against Macías".
- ↑ "18. Spanish Guinea (1950-1968)".
- ↑ "African Intellectuals and Cultural Diversity: Discussions of the Ethnic Question in Equatorial Guinea" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-08.
- ↑ "APPROACH TO CONTEMPORARY EQUADORIAN GUINEA-GUINESE NARRATIVE IN SPANISH" (PDF).
- ↑ "Guinea Ecuatorial: de colonia a sultanato" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-22.
- ↑ "The Decolonization of Equatorial Guinea: The Relevance of the International Factor".[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo. GOVERNOR FAUSTINO RUIZ GONZÁLEZ AND NATIONALISM IN EQUATORIAL GUINEA". Archived from the original on 2017-07-29.
- ↑ "Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo Panorama actual de las relaciones entre España y Guinea Ecuatorial".
- ↑ "Guinea Ecuatorial: de colonia a sultanato" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-22.
- ↑ "Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo EL GOBERNADOR FAUSTINO RUIZ GONZÁLEZ Y EL NACIONALISMO EN GUINEA ECUATORIAL". Archived from the original on 2017-07-29.
- ↑ "The Decolonization of Equatorial Guinea: The Relevance of the International Factor" (PDF).
- ↑ Goytisolo, Juan (7 August 1979). "La Guinea Ecuatorial: Reminiscencia histórica, experiencia de las luces y de las sombras de un proyecto político". El País.
- ↑ Tenaille, Frank (1981). Las 56 Áfricas: guía política. Siglo XXI. ISBN 978-968-23-1058-4.
- ↑ "The Decolonization of Equatorial Guinea: The Relevance of the International Factor" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-08.
- ↑ "«Cronología de Guinea Ecuatorial: 1950 / 1979 De la independencia al juicio contra Macías»".
- ↑ ""TODAY, REFERENDUM IN GUINEA"". 16 March 2017.
- ↑ "Nota de prensa de CPDS. Se ha iniciado en Malabo la VI Mesa de Diálogo Nacional".