Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Tanzaniya

Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Tanzaniya
	human rights by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Tanzaniya
Wuri
	6°18′S 34°54′E / 6.3°S 34.9°E

Batun ' yancin ɗan adam a Tanzaniya, ƙasa mai yawan jama'a 2012 44,928,923, yana da sarkakiya. A cikin rahotonta na Freedom in the World na 2013, Freedom House ta ayyana kasar a matsayin "Yanci".

Abubuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam

Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Oktoban shekarar 2011 a taronta a Geneva ya kammala wani nazari na lokaci-lokaci na kasa da kasa (UPR) na yanayin hakkin dan Adam a Tanzaniya. A wannan UPR, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNCT) da ƙasashe da yawa sun magance matsaloli daban-daban a Tanzaniya.

Daidaiton jinsi

UNCT ta ce,

Bita na ƙasa da kimanta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata ... sun gano kalubale iri-iri... , wanda ke ci gaba da yin nasara. Wadannan sun hada da dawwama da karuwar talauci a kan mata; rashin daidaituwa a cikin shirye-shirye don ayyuka masu amfani da damar samun albarkatu; rashin daidaito a cikin rabon iko da yanke shawara; rashin mutuntawa da rashin ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam; da rashin daidaito wajen sarrafa albarkatun kasa da kiyaye muhalli. ... Ya kamata a mai da hankali musamman kan yadda ake mayar da ‘ya mace saniyar ware a fagage daban-daban na rayuwa, ciki har da ilimi, da kuma kewar da mutane da yawa ke haifarwa da wuri da kuma auren dole. ... Rikicin da ya danganci jinsi ya zama ruwan dare. A cewar wani bincike da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi a shekara ta 2005, kashi 41 cikin 100 na matan da suka yi tarayya da su a Dar es Salaam sun fuskanci cin zarafi ta jiki ko ta jima'i a hannun abokin aure. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 24–6, page 6}

Tanzaniya ta nuna goyon bayanta ga shawarar da Denmark ta bayar na, "Samar da cikakkiyar dabara da dokoki masu tasiri don kawar da ayyukan da ke nuna wariya ga mata... ^{:¶ 85.22, page 14}Tanzaniya kuma ta goyi bayan shawarar Ghana na, "Samar da ingantaccen dabarun ... don gyara ko kawar da ayyukan al'adu da ra'ayoyin da ke nuna wariya ga mata ... ^[2] ^{:¶ 85.23, page 14}

Mutanen asali

UNCT ta ce,

An hana ko iyakance haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar samun damar shiga ƙasashen kakanni don cin gajiyar tattalin arziki, musamman a wuraren ajiyar nama. ... Za a yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sake duba manufofinta wanda ba a san ra'ayin 'yan asalin kasar ba da kuma daukar matakai don tabbatar da 'yancinsu na gudanar da al'adun su daidai da mafi yawan al'umma. Ya kamata gwamnati ta kuma yi la'akari da samar da daidaitattun tsare-tsare da suka danganci 'yancin dan adam na korar jama'a, tare da bayyana shi a fili a matsayin matakin karshe na warware takaddamar amfani da filaye tsakanin muradun jama'a, masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu, da makiyaya. ^[1] ^{:¶ 23, page 6}

A lokacin UPR, Finland ta lura da tilastawa da korar ƴan asalin ƙasar ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Har ila yau, ta tambayi Tanzaniya game da matakin da ta dauka na aiwatar da shawarwarin mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan hakkin 'yan asalin kasar da ko gwamnati za ta dauki matakan doka don kare hakkin 'yan asalin kasar yadda ya kamata. :¶ 36, page 7Denmark ta damu da tauyewa ko tauye haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar zuwa ƙasashen kakanni, wanda ya haifar da korar da aka tilastawa mutane da yawa. :¶ 61, page 10

Dangantakar jinsi daya

UNCT ta ce,

Ana daukar liwadi ya sabawa ka'idojin al'adu; An haramta yin jima'i tsakanin jinsi guda. An bayar da rahoton kame kungiyoyi dangane da tarukan zaman lafiya, rashin halartar masu cutar kanjamau, da kuma korar mutane ta tilastawa saboda yanayin jima'i da al'ummomin yankin da na addini suka yi. Bugu da ƙari, wakilan ƙungiyoyin da sauran masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ƙila ba za su yarda su ba da sanarwar jama'a don nuna haƙuri da yanke hukunci ba saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya. An yi kira ga gwamnati da ta dauki matakin da ya dace... da soke duk wani tanadi na laifi akan mutane dangane da yanayin jima'i. ^[1] ^{:¶ 27, page 7}

A lokacin UPR, Sweden ta lura cewa "laifi da cin zarafin 'yan tsirarun jima'i ya ba da gudummawa ga kyama da raunin 'yan madigo, gay, bisexual da transgender". ^{:¶ 50, page 9}Slovenia ta nuna damuwa cewa an haramta yin jima'i da aka amince da su. ^[2] ^{:¶ 53, page 9}

Wariya a wurin aiki

UNCT ta ce,

Ko da yake Yarjejeniyar kan Daidaita Lada ... da Yarjejeniyar Wariya a Ma'aikata da Sana'a... an amince da su kuma an bullo da dokokin cikin gida a kan tasirin su, har yanzu gwamnati ba ta yi karin haske kan matakan da za a dauka don magance nuna bambanci tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata ba. ... [D] duk da cewa Gwamnati ta sanya dokar ta HIV/AIDS (Rigakafin da Sarrafa) Dokar 2008 da Dokokin Ayyukan Aiki da Ma'aikata (Code of Good Practice) Dokokin 2007, nuna bambancin HIV/AIDS ya kasance cikin tsari a wurin aiki a cikin jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu. ^[1] ^{:¶ 28, page 7}

Ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci

UNCT ta ce,

Ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci wata ƙungiya ce da ke cikin haɗarin keɓancewar zamantakewa da mugun nufi ta hanyar tilasta doka. An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin laifi a ƙarƙashin dokar aikata laifuka, jima'i na kasuwanci yana ci gaba da haifar da tsangwama da cin zarafi. Ana kara wa gwamnati kwarin gwiwar yin nazari kan illolin da kamen da aka yi wa wadannan ma’aikata, wadanda akasarinsu mata ne. ^[1] ^{:¶ 29, page 7}

Albinism

Ana ci gaba da kashe-kashe da yankan mutanen da ke fama da cutar zabiya . Wasu mayu sun yi imanin cewa maita zai fi ƙarfin idan wanda aka azabtar ya yi kururuwa a lokacin yankewa . Navi Pillay, babbar jami'ar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta fada a watan Maris na 2013 cewa ba kasafai ake samun nasarar gurfanar da wadannan laifuffuka ba tare da sanin shari'o'i biyar kacal daga cikin kisan gilla 72 na mutanen da ke da zabiya a Tanzaniya tun 2000.

UNCT ta ce,

Daga shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2010, an kashe akalla mutane 58 masu fama da zabiya, wadanda yawancinsu yara ne. Har ila yau, akwai wasu lokuta tara na yunkurin kisan kai da kuma rahotannin lalata kaburbura. ... An dai yi kokarin gurfanar da wadanda suka yi kisan gilla a gaban kuliya. Har ila yau, magance cinikin sassan jiki da na kasa da kasa yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen kawo karshen kashe-kashen. Ta fuskar kariya, Gwamnati ta kafa cibiyoyin matsuguni na musamman ga yara masu fama da zabiya. Duk da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci, wannan matakin yana haifar da warewar yara daga al'umma da kuma rabuwa da iyali. Don haka, yakamata gwamnati ta binciko wasu hanyoyin kare mutanen da ke da zabiya, gami da zabin da ke inganta hada kai da juriya. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 31–32, page 8}

Mutuwar mata masu juna biyu

Yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu ya yi yawa a Tanzaniya. Yawancin waɗannan mutuwar suna da alaƙa da tsokanar ta ta hanyar kai tsaye ko abubuwan da ke haifar da haihuwa.

Sakamakon kiwon lafiyar mata masu juna biyu ya nuna sannu a hankali cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. ... [A] muhimmiyar shawara ita ce Gwamnati ta ƙara samun dama da wadatar muhimman ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu, ƙwararrun ma'aikatan lafiya - a halin yanzu suna halartar ƙasa da kashi 50 na haifuwa masu rai - da kuma kayayyaki. Samun tsarin iyali zai iya rage mace-macen mata da kashi uku da mutuwar yara da kusan kashi 20 cikin ɗari. ... Hakanan ana buƙatar yin la'akari da ƙuntatawa na yanzu na amintattun sabis na zubar da ciki, wanda, a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Penal, ana ɗaukarsa bisa doka. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan takunkumin ya janyo hasarar rayukan mata da 'yan mata da dama da ke neman gudanar da aikin a asirce, ba tare da ja-gorancin kwararru ba da kuma rashin tsafta. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 33–34, page 8}

Mutuwar yara ƴan kasa da shekaru biyar

UNCT ta ce,

Bayan fiye da shekaru goma na tabarbarewar a shekarun 1980 da 1990, an sami rahoton manyan nasarori a rayuwar yara tun tsakiyar shekara ta 2000. ... Wannan ci gaban ya yi daidai da ceton yara kusan 100,000 kowace shekara. ... Duk da haka, adadin wadanda suka mutu na 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar har yanzu ya kai kusan mutuwar 155,000 a kowace shekara - fiye da mutuwar 400 a Tanzaniya kowace rana. ^[1] ^{:¶ 35, pages 8–9}

Aikin tilas

UNCT ta ce,

Dokar Karamar Hukuma (1982) ta baiwa Gwamnati damar tilasta wa mutane da kungiyoyi yin aikin tilas don ci gaban tattalin arziki. Dokoki da yawa kuma suna ba da izinin sanya tilastawa ko aiki na dole a matsayin hukunci na laifuffuka daban-daban, gami da bayyana ra'ayoyin siyasa da gazawar shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa. ... Wadannan tanade-tanaden ba su dace da yarjejeniyar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya da ta dace ba kuma yakamata gwamnati ta sake duba wadannan tanade-tanaden a matsayin fifiko. ^[1] ^{:¶ 36, page 9}

Fataucin mutane

UNCT ta ce,

Tanzaniya tushe ce, hanyar wucewa, da kuma makoma ga maza, mata, da yara da ake fataucinsu, musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin aikin tilastawa da karuwanci. Yawan fataucin cikin gida ya zarce na fataucin kasa da kasa, wanda akasari daga yankunan karkara zuwa birane, wanda ya fi shafar yara kan yadda ake cin moriyarsu a cikin gida, da kananan sana’o’i, da karuwanci. 'Yan uwa da abokan arziki waɗanda ke ba da taimako ta ilimi ko aiki mai riba a cikin birane galibi suna sauƙaƙe fataucin. Amfani da kananan yara mata wajen aikin tilastawa aikin gida na ci gaba da zama babbar matsalar fataucin bil adama a kasar. Sakamakon rashin kafa kwamitin yaki da safarar mutane, hukumomin gwamnati da ke da alhakin rigakafi da kariya ba su iya aiwatar da dokar ta 2008 na yaki da safarar mutane saboda babu wata ka’ida da za su bi. Don haka, yawancin jami'an gwamnati sun kasance ba su da masaniya da tanade-tanaden Dokar, kuma ba a ba da kariya ga kasafin kudin da aka ware don yaƙar aikata laifuka da taimakon waɗanda abin ya shafa ba. ... Jami’an tsaro sukan kasa ganin fataucin mutane a matsayin laifi amma batun da’a ne wanda za a iya gyara shi ta hanyar biyan diyya. ... Daga kafa dokar zuwa karshen watan Janairun 2011, an samu nasarar gurfanar da wasu kararraki guda uku... ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 37–39, pages 9–10}

Daure, gidajen yari, da samun adalci

UNCT ta ce,

Akwai karancin kotuna, da kuma alkalai da alkalai da za su gudanar da shari’o’in, wanda ke yin illa ga samun kotunan da suka cancanta. A zahiri, [33.6% na] ... lokuta... a kotunan firamare da na gunduma... sun kasance suna jiran shekaru 2 ko fiye. Haka nan, adadin kararrakin da ke gaban babbar kotun (na kisan kai, manyan laifuffuka, da daukaka kara) na karuwa saboda karancin zaman kotun. Ban da haka, ana kara jinkirin shari'a ta hanyar tsawaita bincike da 'yan sanda ke yi, da dage shari'ar da kotuna ta yi bisa wasu dalilai na fasaha, da kuma rashin bayyanar da shaidu. Akwai kuma karancin lauyoyin da suka cancanta su ba da wakilci a kotun, wanda akasarin su na Dares Salaam. ... Yayin da doka ta ba da damar ba da taimakon shari'a a cikin shari'o'in laifuka, wadanda ake zargi da kisan kai da cin amanar kasa ana ba su wakilci kyauta a aikace kawai. Wuraren da ake tsare da su suna kokawa don biyan bukatu na yau da kullun na adadin fursunoni da ke karuwa, wadanda akasarinsu fursunoni ne. Wadanda aka yanke wa hukunci da wadanda ba su da tabbas suna hade tare, galibi a karkashin yanayi na rashin jin dadi. Wasu gidajen yari suna da gidaje fiye da ninki biyu, kamar yadda yake a gidan yarin na Ruanda, wanda ke da fursunoni 400 kuma yana riƙe da 838. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 41–43, page 10}

A cikin rahotonta na kare hakkin bil adama na 2013, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ce.

Duk da wasu gyare-gyaren da aka samu, yanayin gidan yari ya kasance mai tsauri kuma yana barazana ga rayuwa. Rashin isassun abinci, cunkoso, rashin tsafta, da rashin isassun kulawar likita sun yaɗu. Akwai zargin cewa hukumomi sun ci zarafin bil'adama. Ana ci gaba da fuskantar barazanar rayuwa a wuraren da ake tsare da su. ... Tun daga ranar 17 ga Oktoba, [2013,] gidajen yarin suna tsare da fursunoni 34,404 - kashi 16 sama da jimillar adadin 29,552. Daga cikin fursunonin, 17,180 an yanke musu hukunci, yayin da 17,224 ke tsare a gaban shari'a. An tsare fursunonin da ake tsare da su kafin a yanke musu hukunci tare. ... Hukumomi sun tsare kananan yara tare da manya a gidajen yari da dama saboda rashin wuraren tsare mutane. A cewar jami’an gwamnati, an samu mace-mace a gidajen yari sakamakon kamuwa da cutar kanjamau a gidajen yari. Mafi yawan korafe-korafen lafiya da fursunoni ke yi sun hada da zazzabin cizon sauro, tarin fuka, HIV/AIDS, da sauran cututtuka masu nasaba da rashin tsafta. Ma'aikatan gidan yari suna ba da kulawa kaɗan kawai, kuma abokai da dangin fursunoni gabaɗaya dole ne su ba da magunguna ko kuɗi don siyan su. Takaitaccen sufurin ya kuma shafi yadda ma’aikatan gidan yarin ke kai fursunonin zuwa asibitoci da asibitoci. Ma’aikatan gidan yarin sun koka da karancin ruwa da rashin wutar lantarki da kuma rashin isassun magunguna. ... Ajiye rikodi a gidajen yari bai isa ba kuma ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin rahoton. A babban ƙasa[,] doka ta ba alkalai da alkalai damar ba da izini ko zartar da wasu hukunce-hukunce kamar aikin al'umma ... , amma waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan ba a cika yin amfani da su ba. Doka ta ba da izinin sakin farko don ɗabi'a mai kyau amma tana da buƙatun shaida masu nauyi. A babban yankin[,] hukumomi sukan kwashe fursunoni zuwa gidajen yari daban-daban ba tare da sanar da iyalansu ba. ... Yawan jami'an jarrabawar bai isa ba. ... A cikin babban ƙasar[,] fursunoni an ba su izinin gabatar da koke ga hukumomin shari'a, amma an yi zargin cewa an tantance wasiƙun. ^{:pages 4–5}

Fursunonin da ake tuhuma da aikata laifuka gabaɗaya sun jira shekaru uku zuwa huɗu kafin a fara shari’a saboda rashin alkalan da za su saurari ƙararraki, da rashin isassun kasafin kuɗin shari’a, da kuma tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don kammala binciken ‘yan sanda. ^{:page 9}

Adalci na yara

UNCT ta ce,

Ana tsare da yara kafin da bayan shari'a a cibiyoyin tsare manya har ma a yankunan da ake tsare da yara kanana. Fursunoni ba su da ma'aikata ko kayan aiki don ba da sabis na ƙwararru, kuma kodayake gabaɗaya 'yan ƙasa da 18 ko 21 suna rabuwa da dare, suna haɗuwa da manya da rana. Akwai cibiyoyin tsare mutane biyu kacal da gidajen tsare guda biyar (tare da ƙarin buɗewa biyu nan gaba kaɗan) na 'yan ƙasa da 18 a cikin ƙasar. Babu wani tsarin aikata laifuka daban-daban na 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 kuma, baya ga kotun yara daya a Dar Es Salaam, ana sauraron kararrakin yara a kotuna na yau da kullun. Yara 'yan kasa da 18 ba tare da hanyar biyan lauya ba sau da yawa ana barin su ba tare da taimakon doka ba. Babu tsarin karkatar da jama'a kuma babu wani shiri na gyara al'umma da doka ta tanada, ko aiwatar da shi a aikace. Hukuncin da ba na tsarewa yana da iyaka. Yara maza na iya samun horo na jiki ko shafa. Sauran hukunce-hukuncen sun shafi tara, diyya ko farashi, da kuma gwaji tare da kulawa. Hakazalika, Zanzibar ba ta da tsarin daban na yara kuma, ba tare da wuraren tsare mutane ba, yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 suna gauraye da manya a gidan yari. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 44–45, pages 10–11}

A cikin rahotonta na kare hakkin bil adama na 2013, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ce.

Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam da Kyakkyawan Mulki ... ya ziyarci wani samfurin gidajen yari da wuraren tsare mutane a shekarar 2011 ya kuma gano kananan yara 441 da ake tsare da su a gidan yarin manya da aka ziyarta. A cikin wadannan, an yanke wa 64 hukunci, sauran 377 kuma wadanda ake tsare da su ne. ... Akwai gidan yari guda daya na kananan yara a yankin Mbeya da kuma gidajen kurkuku guda biyar a fadin kasar. Jami’ai sun danganta karancin wuraren tsare mutane da rashin hadin kai tsakanin bangaren shari’a da ‘yan sanda da kuma na gidan yari. ^{:pages 4–5}

Yin amfani da karfi da yawa, azabtarwa, kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, da cin hanci da rashawa

A lokacin UPR, Amurka ta nuna damuwa game da rahotannin kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, amfani da karfi fiye da kima da 'yan sanda da sojoji suka yi, da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a jami'an tsaro . ^{:¶ 58, page 10}Denmark ta damu da rahotannin jami'an tsaro na yin amfani da karfi da bai dace ba, gami da azabtarwa . ^[2] ^{:¶ 61, page 10}

Tanzaniya ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga shawarwarin da Amurka ta bayar na, "aiwatar da wani shiri na kasa don yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da suka hada da ingantattun dokoki da aiwatar da doka, da karin albarkatun da aka sadaukar ga hukumomin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da sake duba diyya ta jami'an tsaro, da yakin neman ilimi na kasa baki daya..." da kuma bayar da horon kare hakkin bil'adama ga jami'an tsaro. ^{:¶¶ 85.18, 85.21 page 14}

A cikin rahotonta na kare hakkin bil adama na 2013, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ce.

A cikin shekarar[,] an sami rahotanni da yawa cewa jami'an gwamnati (musamman 'yan sanda da sauran jami'an tsaro) sun yi kisan gilla ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da kamfanonin dillancin labarai na cikin gida sun tattara bayanan da yawa na jami'an 'yan sanda na cin zarafi, duka, da kuma haddasa mutuwar fararen hula. ... Cibiyar Legal and Human Rights Center (LHRC) ta sanar da cewa zaluncin 'yan sanda, tashin hankalin gida, da kisan gilla ya tashi a lokacin [2013]. A cewar LHRC, a watan Yuli 'yan sanda da sauran jami'an tsaro sun kashe mutane 22 (idan aka kwatanta da 31 a duk 2012). A cikin Oktoba[,] da yawa daga cikin 'yan majalisa ('yan majalisa) da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun nuna damuwa game da zargin cin zarafin bil'adama da ke da alaka da yakin da ake yi na farautar farautar da gwamnati ta fara. Wasu ‘yan majalisar sun yi zargin cewa jami’an gwamnati sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen yi wa mutane tambayoyi game da ayyukan farauta, tare da kame shanun da suke kiwo a filin kariya da kuma kona gidajen makiyaya da ake zargi da yin kiwo ba bisa ka’ida ba. ... A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, shugaba Kikwete ya sallami ministoci hudu ... a mayar da martani ga ci gaba da damuwar majalisar.... ^{:pages 1–2}

Kundin tsarin mulki da doka sun haramta ... [azaba da sauran zalunci, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanci ko hukunci], amma akwai rahotannin cewa jami'an 'yan sanda, masu gadin gidan yari, da sojoji da suka ci zarafi, barazana, da kuma wulakanta farar hula, da ake zargi da aikata laifuka, da fursunoni suna fuskantar iyakacin lissafi. Cin zarafi da aka fi yi ya haɗa da duka. ... A ranar 19 ga watan Yuni, kungiyar Human Rights Watch da Wake Up and Step Forward Coalition suka fitar da wani rahoto da suka hada da dalla-dalla zarge-zargen azabtarwa da cin zarafin madigo, luwadi, bisexual, da transgender ... daidaikun mutane yayin da suke hannun 'yan sanda. ... Doka ta yarda da gwangwani. Jami'an kananan hukumomi da kotuna a wasu lokatai suna amfani da gwangwani a matsayin hukunci ga yara da manya masu laifi. ... An kuma yi amfani da gwangwani da sauran hukumci na jiki akai-akai a makarantu. ^{:pages 3–4}

[T] Rundunar 'yan sandan Tanzaniya tana da alhakin farko na kiyaye doka da oda a babban yankin da Zanzibar. ... A lokacin... [2013,] an sami rahotannin da ya wuce kima, cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda, da rashin hukunta su. Ƙananan albashi ya ba da gudummawa ga cin hanci da rashawa a wasu sassan, kamar yadda 'yan ƙasa da 'yan jarida suka ruwaito. Labarun jaridu, korafe-korafen jama'a, da rahotannin cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda daga Hukumar Kariya da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ... da ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida, ita ma ta ci gaba. ... Sungusungu, ko sintirin ƴan ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da laifuka ne na al'ada waɗanda ke wanzuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Dokar Sojan Jama'a ta 1973 ta ba su ikon yin kama. ... Ba a yarda ’yan Sungusungu su ɗauki bindigogi ko adduna ba, amma sun ɗauki sanda ko kulake. Suna... yayi aiki ba tare da 'yan sanda ba. ... A cikin watan Yuni, LHRC ta ruwaito cewa mayakan Sungusungu ne ke da alhakin mutuwar mutane hudu a cikin shekarar a yankunan Shinyanga, Mbeya, da Iringa. ^{:pages 6–7}

A kan babban ƙasa[,] doka ... na bukatar a gurfanar da mutumin da aka kama da aikata wani laifi, ban da wanda ake tsare da shi na tsaron kasar a gaban alkali cikin sa'o'i 24 da kama shi ... , amma 'yan sanda sun kasa cika wannan bukata. An samu rahoton cewa ‘yan sanda sun yi amfani da wani tsari na sakin tare da sake kama wasu mutane nan take domin su ci gaba da tsare su yayin da ‘yan sanda... ya samar da bayanan da ake buƙata don tuhumar wanda ake tuhuma. Dokar ta bai wa wadanda ake tuhuma 'yancin tuntubar lauya ko tattaunawa da 'yan uwa, amma a wasu lokuta an hana su wannan hakkin. Sau da yawa ana iyakance samun lauyoyi cikin gaggawa saboda rashin lauyoyi a yankunan karkara, rashin tsarin sadarwa da ababen more rayuwa, da jahilci da talauci na wadanda ake tuhuma. ... Gwamnati ta ba da wakilci na shari'a ga wasu marasa galihu da duk wadanda ake tuhuma da laifin kisan kai ko cin amanar kasa. ... A kotunan firamare da na gundumomi, cin hanci a wasu lokuta kan tantance ko an bayar da beli. ^{:page 8}

Adalci ga wadanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin jinsi

UNCT ta ce,

Wadanda suka tsira daga cin zarafi da tashin hankali, gwagwarmaya don tabbatar da adalci da goyon bayan zamantakewa. Mafi yawan 'yan sanda, masu gabatar da kara, da alkalai ba su horar da su don biyan bukatun wadanda suka tsira. Yawancin jami'ai suna ba da shawarar fita daga zaman kotu. Cin zarafi da matsin lamba na al'umma yakan hana iyalai daga kai kara, inda al'umma suka fi son a gudanar da shari'ar a wajen tsarin shari'a. Wannan yakan haifar da rashin hukunta masu laifi. Tun daga shekara ta 2008, wani tsari yana fitowa don inganta karɓar waɗanda suka tsira da kuma amsa bukatunsu. ... Duk da haka, ci gaba da horarwa da haɓaka ƙwarewa, tare da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a, ya zama dole.... Misali,... Jami’an ‘yan sanda 320 ne kawai daga cikin jami’an ‘yan sanda 35,000 suka samu horo. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 46–47, page 11}

'Yancin ƙungiyoyi, ra'ayi, da faɗar albarkacin baki

UNCT ta ce,

Karkashin alkawurran da aka yi a MKUKUTA II, ana ci gaba da yin ƙarin ƙoƙari na ƙara samun damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu. A ciki, ana hasashen faɗaɗa daga kafofin watsa labaru na al'umma goma sha biyu na yanzu zuwa aƙalla kafofin watsa labaru na al'umma guda ɗaya a kowace gunduma. Don cika wannan alkawari, zai zama wajibi a rage tsawon lokaci da tsarin mulki wajen ba wa irin wadannan gidajen rediyon lasisi, wanda zai iya daukar shekaru daya zuwa uku. Ya kamata gwamnati ta kara damu da rahotannin masu sa ido kan zaben 2010 masu zaman kansu, wadanda ke nuni da irin yadda ake cin zarafin wadannan gidajen rediyon a matsayin hanyar dakile yada shirye-shiryen ilimantar da masu zabe. Wani muhimmin shawarar da Gwamnati za ta ba shi ita ce ta hanzarta bin dokokin ‘yancin bayanai; ka'idojin da'a don tallace-tallace; da kuma gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a a Zanzibar. ^[1] ^{:¶ 50, page 12}

Maganin daliban makaranta

UNCT ta ce,

A cikin 2008, kashi 0.4 cikin ɗari na yara masu naƙasa ne kawai aka yi rajista kuma yanayin yana raguwa. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan yaran suna zuwa makarantun buƙatu na musamman maimakon jin daɗin ilimi mai haɗaka. A yayin da gwamnati ta samar da tsarin ilimi bai-daya, ya kamata a yi gaggawar kokarin ganin an aiwatar da shi, don haka ne a kara hada marayu da sauran yara marasa galihu, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu za su kasance cikin kashi 5 cikin 100 na yaran firamare da suka bace a makarantu. Dokar 2002 ta ba da damar korar 'yan mata masu juna biyu daga makaranta. Kariya da shirye-shirye na musamman ga 'yan mata ba su isa ba kuma yana haifar da yawancin 'yan mata ba su iya cika shirin ilimin dole da ake yi a cikin ƙasa. Ba a haramta hukuncin gawar a kowane yanayi, har da a makarantu, kuma amfani da shi ya yadu. Sakamako na farko daga wani bincike mai zuwa kan cin zarafin yara ya nuna yawan tashin hankali a makaranta. Sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 na yara an fuskanci cin zarafi ta jiki - ana bugun su, kora, mari, bulala, ko barazanar makami - daga malamansu kafin su kai shekaru 18. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 57–58, page 13}

A lokacin UPR, Finland ta yi tsokaci game da takunkumin Tanzaniya game da ilimin nakasassu tare da tambayar gwamnati game da ayyukanta don aiwatar da aikin na nakasassu da dabarun ilimi. ^{:¶ 36, page 7}

Mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV/AIDS

JUNCT ta ce,

Bambance-bambance a cikin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ya ci gaba da haifar da kyama da nuna wariya, musamman ga mata saboda ka'idojin jinsi da ke lakabi mata a matsayin "sifofin" yada cutar HIV. ... Wani abin da ya ba da gudummawa wajen nuna kyama ga mutanen da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau, shi ne laifin watsa kwayar cutar kanjamau da gangan, tare da hukuncin da ya kai shekaru goma. Da yake yana da wuya a gano wanda, a cikin manya, ya kamu da wani mutum da gangan, ana tambayar ƙarin ƙimar wannan hanyar. Bugu da ƙari, tare da watsawar uwa zuwa yaro, yana ƙara ƙarin damuwa ga mata. ^[1] ^{:¶¶ 61–62, page 14}

Zanzibar

A tarihi, yanayin 'yancin ɗan adam a Zanzibar ya kasance mafi matsala fiye da halin da ake ciki a babban yankin. Asalin kundin tsarin mulkin jamhuriyar ta United ya bai wa hukumomin babban birnin kasar kusan wata hanya ta tsoma baki cikin harkokin doka da adalci. Don haka jami'an babban yankin sun gaza hana yunƙurin kamawa da dauri ba bisa ka'ida ba a tsibirin. Reshen Zanzibar na Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Hali (wanda aka fi sani da jam'iyyar Afro-Shirazi kafin hadewa da babban yankin Tanganyika African National Union a 1977) a tarihi ya kasance mafi karfin iko fiye da takwaransa na babban yankin, lamarin da ya ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa lokacin da aka halasta jam'iyyun adawa a 1992.

'Yan gudun hijira daga Burundi

Bayan taron da aka yi a watan Fabrairun 2012 tsakanin Tanzaniya, Burundi, da Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR), an yanke shawarar rufe sansanin Mtabila - gida mai kusan 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi 38,000 - a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2012. Tanzaniya ta ki ba da izinin zama ɗan ƙasa ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan 'yan gudun hijirar bayan ta yi wa 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi 162,000 a 2010.

Bayan cikakken takardar tambayoyin da UNHCR da jami'an Tanzaniya suka gudanar a watan Disamba na 2011, an gano 'yan gudun hijira 33,708 a Mtabila "ba sa bukatar kariya ta kasa da kasa" kuma wadanda "ba sa son komawa Burundi ba, za su sami kansu a matsayin abin da za a yi musu a karkashin dokokin Tanzaniya da suka dace, gami da na kula da shige da fice". A cikin watan Agustan 2012, bisa ga hirar da aka yi da UNHCR, 2,715 ne kawai na 'yan gudun hijirar suka kuduri aniyar ci gaba da zama 'yan gudun hijira. A watan Nuwamban 2012, UNHCR ta bayar da rahoton cewa, ana taimakon mutane kusan 1,000 a kowace rana don komawa Burundi da radin kansu.

Tsakanin Oktoba 2019 zuwa Agusta 2020, hukumomin Tanzaniya da jami'an leken asiri sun azabtar da su da cin zarafi a kalla 18 'yan gudun hijirar Burundi da masu neman mafaka. Bayan da shugaban kasar Pierre Nkurunziza ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takara karo na uku a shekara ta 2015 da ake takaddama a kai, sama da ‘yan gudun hijirar Burundi miliyan 1.5 ne ke zaune a sansanonin kasar Tanzaniya domin kaucewa tashin hankali a Burundi. ^[3]

Mahimman Ƙididdiga na Gidan Tarihi

Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Tanzaniya tun 1972 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba". ^[4] 1

Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya

Matsayin Tanzaniya game da yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa sune kamar haka:

Manazarta

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ""Submission from the United Nations Country Team", 12th Universal Periodic Review Session, The United Republic of Tanzania" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2013. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "UNCT" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Response
↑ "Tanzania: Burundian Refugees 'Disappeared,' Tortured". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
↑ Freedom House (2024). "Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2024" (XLS). Retrieved 21 December 2024.

[UNCT-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ""Submission from the United Nations Country Team", 12th Universal Periodic Review Session, The United Republic of Tanzania" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2013. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "UNCT" defined multiple times with different content

[Response-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Response

[3] "Tanzania: Burundian Refugees 'Disappeared,' Tortured". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

[FH1972-4] Freedom House (2024). "Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2024" (XLS). Retrieved 21 December 2024.

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