1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane | |
|---|---|
type of chemical entity (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
haloalkane (en) |
| Amfani |
refrigerant (en) |
| Sinadaran dabara | C₂H₃ClF₂ |
| Canonical SMILES (en) | CC(F)(F)Cl |
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane ( HCFC-142b ) wani haloalkane ne tare da tsarin sinadarai C H 3 C Cl F 2 . Yana cikin dangin hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) na mahaɗan da mutum ya yi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga raguwar ozone da ɗumamar duniya idan aka sake shi cikin yanayi. Ana amfani da shi da farko azaman refrigerant inda kuma aka sani da R-142b da sunayen kasuwanci ciki har da Freon -142b. [1]
Physiochemical Properties
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane iskar gas mara launi a ƙarƙashin mafi yawan yanayi. Yana da wurin tafasa -10 °C. [2] Matsakaicin zafinsa yana kusa da 137 °C.
Aikace-aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da HCFC-142b azaman mai sanyaya, azaman wakili mai busawa don samar da robobin kumfa, kuma azaman abinci don yin polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). [3] An gabatar da shi don maye gurbin chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) waɗanda aka fara aiwatar da wani lokaci ta hanyar ka'idar Montreal, amma HCFCs har yanzu suna da mahimmancin iya ragewar ozone. Tun daga shekarar 2020, HCFC's ana maye gurbinsu da sauran abubuwan da ba na ozone da ke rage HFC a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa. [4]
A cikin Amurka, EPA ta bayyana cewa ana iya amfani da HCFCs a cikin "tsari da ke haifar da canji ko lalata HCFCs", kamar amfani da HCFC-142b azaman kayan abinci don yin PVDF. Hakanan ana iya amfani da HCFC a cikin kayan aikin da aka kera kafin Janairu 1, 2010. Manufar waɗannan sabbin ƙa'idodin shine kawar da HCFCs kamar yadda aka cire CFCs. An dakatar da samar da HCFC-142b a cikin ƙasashe 5 marasa labarin kamar Amurka a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2020, ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Montreal. [4]
Tarihin samarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bisa ga Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), a cikin 2006 samar da duniya (ban da Indiya da Sin da ba su bayar da rahoton samar da bayanai) na HCFC-142b ya 33,779 metric ton da karuwa a samar daga 2006 zuwa 2007 na 34%. [5]
Ga mafi yawancin, yawan adadin HCFCs a cikin yanayi ya yi daidai da ƙimar fitar da masana'antu suka ruwaito. Banda wannan shine HCFC-142b wanda ke da mafi girman maida hankali fiye da adadin fitar da aka nuna ya kamata. [6]
Tasirin muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Matsakaicin HCFC-142b a cikin yanayi ya karu zuwa sama da sassa 20 a kowace tiriliyan ta shekara ta 2010. [7] Yana da yuwuwar ragewar ozone (ODP) na 0.07. Wannan yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da ODP = 1 na trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, R-11), wanda kuma ya girma kusan sau goma a cikin yanayi ta shekara ta 1985 (kafin gabatarwar HCFC-142b da Montreal Protocol).
HCFC-142b kuma ƙarami ne amma iskar gas mai ƙarfi. Yana da kiyasin tsawon rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 17 da yuwuwar dumamar yanayi na shekaru 100 wanda ke tsakanin 2300 zuwa 5000. [8] Wannan yana kwatanta da GWP=1 na carbon dioxide, wanda ke da mafi girman yanayin yanayi kusa da sassa 400 a kowace miliyan a cikin shekara ta 2020.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Safety Data Sheet for 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ↑ "Addenda d, j, l, m, and t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 2007-03-03. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ "Phaseout of Class II Ozone-Depleting Substances". Environmental Protection Agency. 22 July 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Overview of HCFC Consumption and Available Alternatives For Article 5 Countries" (PDF). ICF International. 2008. Retrieved 2021-02-12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "icfi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Production and Sales of Fluorocarbons - AFEAS". Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
- ↑ "Good news from the stratosphere, sort of: Accumulating HCFCs won't stop ozone-hole mending". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "HCFC-142b". NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories/Global Monitoring Division. Retrieved 2021-02-12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "hats" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Refrigerants - Environmental Properties". The Engineering ToolBox. Retrieved 2016-09-12.