1303 Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin Krita
 1303 Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin Krita | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| girgizar ƙasa | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Kwanan wata | 8 ga Augusta, 1303 | |||
Modified Mercalli intensity scale (en)  | Mercalli scale IX (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
Girgizar kasa ta 1303 ta Crete ta faru da asuba a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta. Yana da kimanin girman kusan 8, matsakaicin ƙarfin IX (Violent) a kan sikelin Mercalli, kuma ya haifar da babban Tsunami wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da asarar rai a tsibirin Karita da Alexandria. Ya lalata Hasumiyar Hasumiyar Iskandariya sosai.
Yanayin tectonic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hellenic arc, wuri mafi yiwuwa ga wannan girgizar ƙasa, fasalin tectonic ne mai alaƙa da subduction na Farantin Afirka a ƙarƙashin farantin Tekun Aegean. Yana daya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi yawan girgizar kasa a yammacin Eurasia kuma yana da tarihin manyan girgizar ƙasa waɗanda suka shafi Masar.[1]
Lalacewar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]girgizar ƙasa da tsunami an rubuta su kamar yadda suke da mummunar tasiri a Heraklion, tsibirin Krita.[2] Ana samun cikakkun bayanai daga rahotanni da wakilan daga Heraklion (sa'an nan Candia) suka yi ga gwamnatin Venetian mai kula, wanda aka rubuta a ranar girgizar kasa da kwanaki ashirin bayan haka. Sun bayyana girman lalacewar manyan gine-ginen jama'a na Candia da manyan gidaje a duk tsibirin.[3]
Rahotanni sun ambaci cewa yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa mata ne da yara, ba tare da bayar da lambobi ba.[3] Akwai ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a Iskandariya. An lalata jiragen ruwa da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun kai kilomita 2 (3.2) a cikin ƙasa. Birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na Acre, a bakin tekun Levantine, ma ya shafa. An lalata gine-gine mutane sun mutu.[4]
A Misira girgizar kasa ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa a Alkahira, ta kawar da yawancin fararen dutse na Babban Pyramid kuma ta rushe minaret a kan Masallatai da yawa. A Iskandariya an lalata ganuwar bir mafi yawa. Mafi mahimmanci, Hasumiyar Hasumiyar Iskandariya, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki bakwai na duniya, ya lalace sosai.[4][5] Gidaje a Iskandariya sun rushe, inda suka kashe mutane da yawa.[6] A cewar Alexis Perrey, an ji girgizar kasa a duk bakin tekun Adriatic, har zuwa Venice (kimanin kilomita 1,600 km (1,000 mi) ko 1,000 mi daga Heraklion).
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Girgizar ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kodayake ai wurin da aka samu ya faru ba shi da tabbas, an yarda da cewa girgizar kasa ta rushe ɓangaren gabashin Helle a wani wuri tsakanin tsibirin Crete da Rhodes.[4][1][3][7] Girgizar kasa ta haifar da lalacewa a wani yanki mai faɗi ciki har da tsibirin Crete, Peloponnese, Rhodes, Alkahira, Acre, Damascus, Antakiya, da Cyprus kuma an ji shi har zuwa Constantinople (1,000 kilometres (620 mi) km; 620 mi) kuma mai yiwuwa Tunis (1,500 kilometres (930 mi) km; 930 mi). Ba a san ainihin girman ba amma an kiyasta kusan 8.0 .[7]
Tsunami
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Misali na tsunami ya yi hasashen matsakaicin mita 9 (30 a Alexandria, tare da kimanin jinkiri na minti 40 daga lokacin girgizar ƙasa zuwa isowar guguwar farko a Misira.[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri ta 365
- Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Girka
- Jerin girgizar ƙasa ta tarihi
- Jerin tsunami
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Hamouda, A. Z. (2006). "Numerical computations of 1303 tsunamigenic propagation towards Alexandria, Egyptian Coast". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 44 (1): 37–44. Bibcode:2006JAfES..44...37H. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.005.
- ↑ Tsapanos, T. M. (2003). "A seismic hazard scenario for the main cities of Crete island, Greece". Geophysical Journal International. 153 (2): 403–408. Bibcode:2003GeoJI.153..403T. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01874.x.
- 1 2 3 Guidoboni, E.; Comastri, A. (1997). "The large earthquake of 8 August 1303 in Crete: seismic scenario and tsunami in the Mediterranean area". Journal of Seismology. 1 (1): 55–72. Bibcode:1997JSeis...1...55G. doi:10.1023/A:1009737632542. S2CID 126898422.
- 1 2 3 Papadopolous, G. A.; Daskalaki, E.; Fokaefs, A.; N., Giraleas (2007). "Tsunami hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean: strong earthquakes and tsunamis in the East Hellenic Arc and Trench system" (PDF). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 7 (1): 57–64. Bibcode:2007NHESS...7...57P. doi:10.5194/nhess-7-57-2007.
- ↑ Abdelnaby, Adel E.; Elnashai, Amr S. (October 2013). "Integrity assessment of the Pharos of Alexandria during the 1303 CE earthquake". Engineering Failure Analysis. 33: 119–138. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.013.
- ↑ Badawy, Ahmed (1999). "Historical seismicity of Egypt". Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica. 34 (1): 119–135. doi:10.1007/BF03325564. S2CID 131467239.
- 1 2 Papazachos, B. C. (1996). "Large seismic faults in the Hellenic arc" (PDF). Annali di Geofisica. 39 (5): 891–903. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2026-06-13.