1883 fashewar Krakatoa
 1883 fashewar Krakatoa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
volcanic eruption (en)  | ||||
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| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa |
Dutch East Indies (en) | |||
| Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa |
Krakatoa archipelago (en) | |||
| Kwanan wata | 1883 | |||
| Lokacin farawa | 20 Mayu 1883 | |||
| Lokacin gamawa | 21 Oktoba 1883 | |||
| Significant place (en) |
Site of Limestone Boulders from the 1883 Krakatoa Tsunami (en) da Cipeunyu Beach Tsunami Deposit Site (en) | |||
| Volcanic explosivity index (en) |
Volcanic explosivity index 6: Plinian/Ultra-Plinian (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Tsakanin 20 ga Mayu da 21 ga Oktoba 1883, tsibirin dutsen wuta na Krakatoa, wanda ke cikin Sunda Strait, ya fashe. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, tsibirin ya sami fashewa mafi mahimmanci, wanda ya lalata sama da kashi 70% na tsibirin da ke kewaye da shi, daga baya ya rushe kansa cikin caldera. Rushewar 27 ga watan Agusta tana da kimanin Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) na 6, kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi kisa da kuma lalacewa a Tarihin da aka rubuta; fashewar ta uku ta wannan rana, wacce ta faru a karfe 10:02 na safe, ta kasance mafi girman sauti da aka sani a tarihi.
An ji fashewar kilomita 3,110 (1,930 daga Perth, Yammacin Australia, da Rodrigues kusa da Mauritius, kilomita 4,800 (3,000 daga nesa. Rashin matsin lamba ya kewaye duniya fiye da sau uku. : 63 Akalla mutuwar 36,417 an danganta su da fashewar da tsunami da ta haifar. An ji ƙarin sakamako masu mahimmanci a duk duniya a cikin kwanaki da makonni bayan fashewar dutsen. An ba da rahoton ƙarin aikin Girgizar ƙasa har zuwa Fabrairu 1884, amma duk wani rahoto bayan Oktoba 1883 an sallame shi ta hanyar binciken Rogier Verbeek game da fashewar.[1]
Fitarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farkon lokaci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekaru kafin fashewar 1883, aikin girgizar ƙasa a kusa da dutsen Krakatoa ya kasance mai tsanani, tare da girgizar kasa da aka ji har zuwa Arewacin Australia, ɗaya daga cikinsu, a cikin 1880, ya lalata hasumiya. Ayyukan Strombolian sun fara ne a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1883, kuma isar da tururi ya fara faruwa akai-akai daga Perboewatan, arewacin tsibirin uku. Fashewar toka ta kai kimanin tsawo na kilomita 6 (20,000 ft), kuma ana iya jin fashewa a Batavia (Jakarta) kilomita 160 kilometres (99 mi) (100 nesa, windows da ƙofofi masu tasowa. [2] Dust ya fadi daga nesa. Wani bangare na balaguro da aka aika zuwa tsibirin a ranar 26 ga Mayu ya ba da rahoton cewa tsibirin ya cika da farin ƙura, tare da fashewa da ke fitowa daga Perboewatan kowane minti 5 zuwa 10. Kodayake a wannan lokacin fashewar ta kwantar da hankali, wasu daga cikin fashewar har yanzu suna da kuzari sosai, suna jefa pumice a gaban jagorancin iska. Wani babban rami mai kimanin mita 900 (mita 3,000) a diamita ya samo asali, tare da rami wanda ya fitar da fuka-fukan tururi. Ba da daɗewa ba fashewar ta kwanta bayan tashin hankali na farko.[2]
Yanayin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, fashewar Krakatoa ta kara tsanantawa. Da misalin karfe 1:00 na yamma a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, fashewar ta shiga matakin ƙarshe. Da karfe 2:00 na yamma, ana iya ganin baƙar fata mai launin toka mai nisan 27 kilometres (17 mi). A wannan lokacin, fashewar ta kusan ci gaba, kuma ana iya jin fashewa kowane minti goma. Da karfe 5:00 na yamma, fashewar ta ji a duk faɗin 40 kilometres (25 mi). Raƙuman ruwa da ke da tsayi sun fara bugawa bakin tekun Java da Sumatra a karfe 5:30 na yamma, kuma sun ci gaba dare, wanda watakila fashewar tururi ne ya samar da shi. Jiragen ruwa a cikin kilomita 20 kilometres (12 mi) (12 na dutsen mai fitattun wuta sun ba da rahoton faduwar toka mai nauyi, tare da ɓangarorin pumice mai zafi har zuwa 10 centimetres (4 in) in) a diamita saukowa a kan bene. Tsakanin karfe 7:00 na yamma da karfe 8:00 na yamma, wani karamin tsunami ya mamaye bakin tekun Java da Sumatra, kilomita 40 (25 mi) daga nesa.
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