1993 Guguwar Karni
guguwa 1993 ta karni (wanda aka fi sani da 93 Superstorm, The No Name Storm, ko Babban Blizzard na '93/1993) guguwa ce mai banƙyama, ko kuma Easter, wanda ya samo asali a kan Tekun Mexico a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1993. Yanayin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi, iska mai ƙarfi da guguwar da guguwa ta kawo ta shafi babban yanki; a tsayinta, ya shimfiɗa daga Kanada zuwa Honduras.[1] Guguwar ta ratsa Tekun Mexico sannan ta hanyar gabashin Amurka kafin ta ci gaba zuwa gabashin Kanada. Daga ƙarshe ya ɓace a cikin Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa a ranar 15 ga Maris.
An fara bayar da rahoton dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi a yankunan tsaunuka har zuwa kudancin Alabama da arewacin Georgia, tare da 13 inches (33 cm) da ke ba da rahoton har zuwa 35 inci (89 na dusar ƙara. Birmingham, Alabama, ta ba da rahoton ƙanƙara mai ƙarancin 13 .[2][3] Florida Panhandle ta ba da rahoton kusan 6-12 a (15-30 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara, tare da guguwa iska da kuma rikodin matsin lamba.[4] Tsakanin Louisiana da Cuba, iskar guguwa ta haifar da guguwa mai ƙarfi a fadin Big Bend na Florida wanda, tare da haɗuwa da guguwar da aka warwatsa, ya kashe mutane da yawa.
An ga yanayin sanyi a duk sassan Kudancin Amurka da Gabashin Amurka bayan wannan guguwar. A Amurka, guguwar ta kasance da alhakin asarar wutar lantarki ga fiye da gidaje miliyan 10. Kimanin kashi 40 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen kasar sun fuskanci tasirin guguwar [5] kuma ya haifar da jimlar mutuwar mutane 208. [1] A cikin duka, guguwar ta haifar da mutuwar 318, kuma ta haifar da dala biliyan 5.5 (1993 USD) a cikin lalacewa.
Mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara da aka rubuta sun kasance a Tennessee)" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mount Le Conte (Tennessee)">Dutsen Le Conte a Tennessee, inda 56 inci (140 na dusar ƙara ya faɗi, da Dutsen Mitchell a Arewacin Carolina, dutse mafi tsawo a gabashin Arewacin Amurka, inda aka auna 50 inci (130 don faɗuwa kuma an ruwaito dusar ƙarancin ƙafa 15.6.[6]
Tarihin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi tunanin cewa hunturu na dutsen wuta ya fara ne da fashewar Dutsen Pinatubo a shekarar 1991. Yawan zafin jiki a cikin stratosphere ya tashi zuwa digiri da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba, saboda shawo kan radiation ta hanyar aerosol. Girgizar stratospheric daga fashewar ta ci gaba a cikin yanayi har tsawon shekaru uku. Fashewar, yayin da ba ta da alhakin kai tsaye, na iya taka rawar gani wajen samar da 1993 Storm of the Century .
A lokacin Maris 11 da 12, 1993, yanayin zafi a yawancin gabashin Amurka ya fara sauka a matsayin tsarin matsin lamba na arctic da aka gina a kan Midwestern Amurka da Great Plains. A lokaci guda, wani yanki na extratropical na matsin lamba ya samo asali a kan Mexico tare da gaba mai tsaye da aka shimfiɗa daga yamma zuwa gabas. Da yammacin ranar 12 ga watan Maris, an bayyana iyakar iska tare da zurfin zurfi. Farkon fashewar ruwan sama a kudancin Texas (wanda aka sauƙaƙa ta hanyar jigilar danshi na wurare masu zafi zuwa yankin) ya ba da damar karfafa fasalin farfajiyar a ranar 12 ga Maris. Tare da goyon bayan raƙuman jet masu ƙarfi da kuma gajeren lokaci, tsarin da ya fara da sauri ya zurfafa.[7] Matsin tsakiya na tsarin ya fadi zuwa 991 mbar (991 hPa; 29.3 inHg) mbar (991.0 da 00:00 UTC a ranar 13 ga Maris. Jirgin sama mai ƙarfi a gabashin Cuba da Tekun Mexico ya inganta yanayin sanyi wanda ya kai daga ƙasa zuwa kudu zuwa Isthmus na Tehuantepec. Bugu da ƙari, an tura kogin jet na subtropical zuwa kudu, ya kai ga Tekun Pacific kusa da Amurka ta tsakiya kuma ya kai ga Honduras da Jamaica. An lura da kwararar ageostrophic mai tsanani a kudancin Amurka, tare da iskõki da ke gudana a tsaye zuwa isobars a kan Louisiana.[7]
Hasashen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Guguwar Karni ta nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin Hasashen yanayi na Amurka. A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1993, yawancin samfuran hasashen yanayi masu amfani da matsakaici da masu tsinkaya a Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Amurka sun fahimci barazanar babbar guguwar dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan ya nuna karo na farko da masu binciken yanayi na National Weather Service suka iya hango tsananin tsarin kwanaki biyar a gaba. An bayar da gargadi na hukuma kwana biyu kafin guguwar ta iso, yayin da samfuran da suka fi tsayi suka fara tabbatar da tsinkayen. masu hasashen sun kasance da tabbaci sosai game da samfuran hasashen kwamfuta don tallafawa yanke shawara daga jihohin arewa maso gabas da yawa don ayyana Yanayin gaggawa har ma kafin dusar ƙanƙara ta fara faɗuwa[8]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Armstrong, Tim. "Superstorm of 1993: "Storm of the Century"". NOAA. Retrieved February 12, 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NOAA" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Birmingham Cold Weather Facts (updated Nov. 24, 2015)". National Weather Service-Birmingham. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
- ↑ "21 years ago, Atlanta slammed by rare blizzard". ajc.com. March 13, 2013.
- ↑ National Climatic Data Center (1993). "Event Details". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ↑ Office of Meteorology (August 24, 2000). "Assessment of the Superstorm of March 1993" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2010.
- ↑ "On This Day: The 1993 Storm of the Century". National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (in Turanci). 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Arnaldo P. Alfonso; Lino R. Naranjo (March 1996). "The 13 March 1993 Severe Squall Line over Western Cuba". Weather and Forecasting. American Meteorological Society. 11 (1): 89–102. Bibcode:1996WtFor..11...89A. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0089:TMSSLO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0434.
- ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (December 14, 2006). "Forecasting the "Storm of the Century"". Retrieved March 14, 2007.