2024 Wutar daji ta Kudancin Amurka

 

2024 Wutar daji ta Kudancin Amurka

Iri	wildfire (en)
Kwanan watan	ga Janairu, 2024
Wuri	Amurka ta Kudu
Ƙasa	Bolibiya, Brazil, Chile, Kolombiya, Ecuador da Peru
Yawan fili	85,866,867 ha
Sanadi	2023–2024 South American drought (en) arson (en) slash-and-burn (en)
Adadin waɗanda suka rasu	148
Adadin waɗanda suka samu raunuka	134
Has part(s) (en)
2024 Wutar daji ta Brazil August-September 2024 Ecuador wildfires (en) 2024 Colombia wildfires (en) Wildfires in Chile of 2024 (en) Wildfires in Perú 2024 (en)

Gobarar daji ta Kudancin Amurka ta 2024 tana nufin wata babbar gobarar daji wacce ta yi tasiri sosai ga ƙasashe makwabta na Kudancin kasar Amurka, ciki har da Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, da Peru . Dangane da Tsarin Bayanin Wutar Daji ta Duniya da tauraron dan adam, kusan wuraren wutan daji 346,112 sun lalace ko kuma sun lalata hekta 85,866,867 (~ 212,181,650 acres). Babban yankin da aka kone ya samo asali ne sakamakon canjin yanayi na ɗan adam da sakamakon fari na 2023-2024 na Kudancin Amurka akan yanayin wuta. Gobarar daji ta haifar da sare dazuzzukan dazuzzukan Amazon, sannan kuma ta yi tasiri ga wasu halittu na duniya da dama da suka hada da dausar Pantanal, wanda ya zama na biyu mafi girman gobarar daji a karni na 21 da ke gaba da lokacin gobarar daji ta Australiya ta 2023-24, inda a shekarar 2024 gobarar daji ta Brazil kadai ta kai na hudu a yankin da ta kone.

Fage

Tun daga shekarar 2023, yanayin fari da aka dade yana shafar galibin Kudancin Amurka sakamakon karancin ruwan sama na yanayi a cikin Amazon da "dumama ruwan tekun Atlantika mai zafi" da Equatorial Pacific saboda yanayin yanayi na El Niño-Southern Oscillation . Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin yanayin zafi saboda ɗumamar yanayi na ɗan adam daga karuwar yanayi CO da methane sun haifar da mafi munin yanayin yanayi, tare da Satumba 2023 ya kafa rikodin yanayin zafin duniya a lokacin.

A cikin Janairu 2024, yunƙurin masana kimiyyar yanayi na yanayi na Duniya ya ƙaddara cewa babban direban yanayin fari na 2023 shine canjin yanayi na ɗan adam sabanin El Niño. Sakamakon karuwar yanayin zafi tare da raguwar ruwan sama ya haifar da yaduwar danshi daga kasa da shuke-shuke, wanda hakan ya kara tsananta yanayin fari tare da haifar da gobarar daji. A cikin yankunan tsakiyar Brazil, yanayin zafi ya kai 1 °C sama da 1.5 Matsakaicin karuwar °C a duniya, wanda ke haifar da yawan ruwan sama yana ƙafewa kafin ya zurfafa cikin ƙasa.

A cikin Mayu 2024, savannah na Brazil na Cerrado sun sha wahala daga fari mafi muni a cikin sama da shekaru 700 dangane da binciken yanayin ƙasa na stalagmites a buɗe ƙofar Onça Cave.

A cikin watan Agustan 2024, kogunan Amazon da dama sun kai ƙananan matakan ruwa a cikin makonnin farko na lokacin rani, tare da koguna da yawa a kudu maso yammacin Amazon sun kai matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta na lokutansu na shekara. Kungiyar Hadin gwiwar Haɗin kai ta Amazon ta fitar da wata sanarwa ta fasaha tana ba da rahoton cewa raƙuman ruwa na Amazon ya yi tasiri sosai sakamakon yanayin fari, kuma suna tsammanin zai haifar da batutuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin membobinta: "Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname da Venezuela ."

Gobarar daji

Hoton tauraron dan adam an gano wurare masu zafi 346,112 a cikin 2024 zuwa 11 ga Satumba, wanda ya zarce rikodin rikodi na 2007 na wuraren zafi 345,322 tun lokacin da aka fara bayanai a 1998. Sakamakon gobarar, wani babban titin hayaki ya bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar daga Colombia zuwa Uruguay .

Bolivia

Gobarar daji a Bolivia ta fara ne a cikin watan Yuni, kuma ta fara girma daga sarrafawa a watan Agusta da Satumba, inda ta lalata kadada miliyan 4 (kadada miliyan 10) na ciyayi da gandun daji a sassan La Paz, Cochabamba, Beni, Santa Cruz, da Pando, yayin da ake fitar da hayaki mai yawa da gurɓataccen iska . Yawancin gobarar kuma ta tashi ne a dajin Amazon da ke kusa da kan iyakar Brazil, da kuma kusa da wata mummunar gobarar da ta tashi a Brazil. Daga cikin wuraren da aka kone, kashi 60% na ciyawa ne kuma kashi 40% na gandun daji ne, kuma an yi tasiri ga yankunan da aka karewa.

Martani

Ya zuwa farkon watan Satumba, gwamnatin Bolivia ta ayyana dokar ta baci ga daukacin al'ummar kasar, kuma an tura jami'an kashe gobara 5,000 na sa kai don rage gobarar. Ministan tsaro na Bolivia Edmundo Novillo ya bukaci goyon bayan kasa da kasa, inda Brazil, Venezuela, da Faransa suka bayyana cewa za su ba da taimako.

Brazil

Hoton tauraron dan adam na gobarar daji da hanyoyin hayaki a cikin jihar Mato Grosso a Brazil, wanda aka yi a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2024.

A shekarar 2024, gobarar daji guda 53,302 da Hukumar Kula da Wutar Daji ta Duniya (GWIS) ta gano ta kona kimanin 37,578,692 hectares (92,858,970 acres) na dausayi masu zafi a yankin Pantanal na Brazil a Mato Grosso do Sul, da gandun daji na Amazon .

A cikin makonni biyun farko na watan Yuni, gobara 2,639 ta kone 32,000 hectares (79,000 acres) na yankin dausayi na Pantanal, wanda ya ninka adadin gobarar da aka yi a yankin a watan Yuni idan aka kwatanta da kowace shekara. Adadin ya haura sama da hekta 760,000 hectares (1.9×10^⁶ acres) ta 9 ga Yuli, yana ƙone sama da 4% na 16.9 million hectares (42×10^⁶ acres) na dausayi. Tsananin zafin da kuma kewayowar wutar dajin ya ta'azzara ne sakamakon iska mai karfi da ke kadawa mai nisan kilomita 40 a cikin sa'a guda. Fitattun gobarar ta yi barazana ga yawancin dabbobin daji da suka haɗa da anteaters, jaguars, tapirs, caimans, da anacondas. An yi rikodin gobarar daji 3,538 a yankin har zuwa ranar 1 ga Yuli, sama da kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da 2020, shekarar da aka fi samun gobarar daji a yankin.

A karshen watan Agusta, gobarar daji sakamakon tsawan lokaci na fari da iska mai karfin gaske ta shafi birane talatin a jihar São Paulo, ko dai ta shafe su kai tsaye ko kuma tana ci kusa da su. Sakamakon haka, akalla mutane biyu ne suka mutu a wata masana’antar masana’antu da ke Urupês a lokacin da suke kokarin shawo kan wutar dajin da ke kusa da su.

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, sakataren muhalli na jihar Bernardo Rossi ya sanar da rufe dukkan wuraren shakatawa na Rio de Janeiro saboda gobara a fadin jihar.

Martani

A cikin watan Afrilu, hukumomin jihar Mato Grosso do Sul sun ayyana dokar ta-baci ta muhalli saboda karancin ruwan sama da ke kawo cikas ga ambaliyar ruwa da aka saba yi a lokutan yanayi, lamarin da ke kara ta'azzara yanayin gobarar daji a yankuna da dama na yankin.

Daga nan ne gwamnatin jihar Mato Grosso do Sul za ta fitar da sanarwar gaggawa a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni. Ma'aikacin kashe gobara Cabo Sena ya ruwaito cewa, gobarar daji za ta rinka tashi cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan kashe ta. An rarraba takardun rigakafin gobara ga fararen hula na yankin da gobarar ta tashi, inda kwararru da 'yan kasar da dama suka bukaci gwamnatin Brazil ta kara saka hannun jari a fannin ilimin rigakafin gobara.

Chile

Gyaran hoton tauraron dan adam yana nuna tabo a cikin yankin Valparaíso a Chile .

Mataimakin ministan cikin gida Manuel Monsalve ya ba da rahoto a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu cewa an samu gobarar dazuzzuka 162 a tsakiyar tsakiyar da kudancin Chile, sakamakon yanayin zafi da ba a saba gani ba wanda ya kai 40 ° C (104 ° F) a cikin makon da ya gabata, ya tsananta da " matsalar fari " ta Chile wanda a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. hekta 43,000 na fili abin ya shafa.

Sakamakon gobarar, adadin mutane 131 ne suka mutu, kuma akalla gidaje 14,000 ne gobarar ta shafa a Viña del Mar da Quilpué . Ana ɗaukar gobarar a matsayin mafi muni a tarihin ƙasar Chile, kuma mafi munin bala'i a ƙasar tun bayan girgizar ƙasar Chile ta 2010 .

Martani

Shugaba Gabriel Boric ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, kuma ya ba da umarnin tura sojoji 1,300 tare da jiragen sama masu kashe gobara 31 da masu kashe gobara 1,400. A cikin watan Mayu 2024, an kama wani ma'aikacin kashe gobara da ma'aikacin CONAF bisa zargin tayar da gobarar a yankin Valparaiso. Gwamnatin Mexico ta aika da tawagar ma'aikatan kashe gobara 30 daga Hukumar Kula da gandun daji ta kasa da 127 Sojoji da Sojan Sama, tare da tan 26 na kayan abinci.

Colombia

Fiye da gobarar daji 340 ta fara a Colombia a watan Janairu, inda ta kona 900 m (3,000 ft) na wuraren zama tare da shafar kananan hukumomi 174 na kasar.

A tsakiyar watan Satumba, Sashin Kula da Hadarin Kasa na Colombia ya ba da rahoton gobara 20 da ta tashi a Colombia wadda ta lalata 12,800 hectares (32,000 acres) na gandun daji, mafi yawansu suna cikin sassan Tolima da Huila.

Ecuador

Tun daga watan Agustan 2024, gobarar daji da yawa ta fara bazuwa a Ecuador, gami da Guayaquil, Loja, da Quito. Ya zuwa watan Satumba, hekta 10,980 ne gobarar daji ta lalata. Domin taimakawa wajen shawo kan gobarar, gwamnatin kasar Peru ta aike da jami'anta da jiragen sama domin taimakawa wajen rage gobarar dajin.

Peru

Gobarar daji ta fara bayyana ne a kasar Peru a watan Yulin shekarar 2024. Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Peru ta bayyana cewa ana yawan samun gobarar daji a tsakanin watan Agusta da Nuwamba ta hanyar manoma da masu fataucin filaye da kona busassun ciyayi domin kara yawan filayen da aka bude don sayarwa ko noma .

A ranar 15 ga Satumba, an ba da rahoton gaggawar wuta na 222, mafi girma daga cikinsu an gano su a cikin sassan Amazonas, Ancash, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, San Martin, da Ucayali . Hukumar tsaron farar hula ta Peru ta bayar da rahoton cewa, sakamakon barkewar gobarar dajin da aka yi, akalla fararen hula goma sha biyar ne suka mutu, yayin da wasu 134 suka jikkata.

Firayim Ministan Peru Gustavo Adrianzén ya ba da rahoton cewa, an dakile yunkurin da ake yi na kashe gobara ta sararin samaniya sakamakon yadda hayakin wutar daji ke yi, tare da gajimare da iska mai karfi. Ya kuma roki manoma da sauran jama'ar kasar Peru da su daina kona ciyayi, yana mai cewa "dukkan gobarar da ke faruwa a fadin kasar mutane ne suka tayar da su".

Gudanarwa

A matakin kananan hukumomi, tare da mazauna yankunan da abin ya shafa, an kunna wasu matakan mayar da martani tare da tura gungun mutane don tunkarar gobarar. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin kashe gobara na ƙasa a kowace ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin sojoji, da sauran ƙungiyoyin da suka kware a cikin gaggawa da bala'o'i, kamar na Civil Defence da Red Cross.

Rigingimu

• Duk da saninsa a duk duniya a matsayin yanki mai mahimmanci don dorewar duniyar duniyar da kuma kasancewa batun kariya ta doka a ƙasashe da yawa, yankin Amazon yana cikin haɗarin gobarar daji. A cikin 2023 kadai a yankin da aka karewa da aka sani da Dokar Amazônia, an yi rikodin gobarar daji sama da 127,000, yayin da a cikin 2022, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar 145,100.

• Kafofin yada labarai a wasu lokuta kan mayar da hankali ne kan gano wadanda za su iya haddasa yaduwar gobara, da kuma kara zurfafa rigingimun filaye a yankin. Daga cikin masu yin wannan tashe-tashen hankulan muhalli akwai masu aikin noma da kiwo, wadanda suke matsa lamba kan kananan hukumomi, masu saran gonaki da kona gonakinsu don yin noma, ko kanana ko babba, da masu aikin noma mai dorewa da rashin amfani da fili, wadanda gaba daya al’ummar ’ yan asali ne ko na manoma da ke rike da hakki na kasa baki daya.