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2025 a cikin canjin yanayi

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
2025 a cikin canjin yanayi
events in a specific year or time period (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Mabiyi 2024 a cikin canjin yanayi
Ta biyo baya 2026 in climate change (en) Fassara
Kwanan wata 2025
Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala
Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba.
2023–2024 as a turning point
Samfuri:Font

—James Hansen, December 2023[1]
Director (1981-2013) of NASA's
Goddard Institute for Space Studies

Wannan labarin ya rubuta sanannun abubuwan da suka faru, binciken bincike, ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, da ayyukan ɗan adam don auna, hangowa, ragewa, da daidaitawa da tasirin dumamar duniya da canjin yanayi - a cikin shekara ta 2025.

Bayani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hansen et al. (2025) sun rubuta cewa IPCC ta yi watsi da tasirin sanyaya na aerosols, wanda ya sa ya kuma yi watsi da Yanayin yanayi (amsar da Duniya ke da shi ga karuwar iskar gas). [2] A cikin abin da Hansen ya kira ciniki na Faustian, tsari na aerosols ya inganta ingancin iska, amma tasirin sanyaya na aerosol ya zama bai isa ya kwantar da tasirin karuwar zafi na iskar gas - yana bayanin babban dumamar duniya ba zato ba tsammani a cikin 2023-2024.[2]
Masana kimiyya a fagen ƙaddamar da matsanancin taron sun kammala cewa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe da yankuna a duniya a cikin shekara guda da ta fara a watan Mayu 2024, dumamar duniya da mutum ya haifar ya kara yawan kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin zafi a kan ka'idojin dogon lokaci.[3]

 

  • Mayu: André Corrêa do Lago, darektan taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2025 (COP30, a Brazil), ya ce, "Ba zai yiwu a sami musantawa [na kimiyya] a wannan matakin ba, bayan duk abin da ya faru a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Don haka akwai ƙaura daga musantawar kimiyya zuwa musanta cewa matakan tattalin arziki game da canjin yanayi zai iya zama da kyau ga tattalin arziki da mutane. "
  • Yuni: Cibiyar Nazarin Kididdiga ta Cibiyar Makamashi ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa 2025 na iya zama farkon canjin tsari da ke haifar da canjin makamashi ta hanyar neman Tsaro na makamashi ("hadin hadari" a cikin yanayin da ba shi da tabbas, da neman "tsarin juriya, rarraba, da tsarin makamashi mai tsabta"), maimakon bin sauyin yanayi da kansa.[4]
  • 20 Mayu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin BioScience ya ce canjin yanayi ya haɗu da wuce gona da iri da Canjin mazaunin, don zama babbar barazana ta uku ga Dabbobi na Duniya.[5]

Ma'auni da kididdiga

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Hansen et al. (2025) sun rubuta cewa IPCC ta yi watsi da tasirin sanyaya na aerosols, wanda ya sa ya kuma yi watsi da Yanayin yanayi (amsar da Duniya ke da shi ga karuwar iskar gas). [2] A cikin abin da Hansen ya kira ciniki na Faustian, tsari na aerosols ya inganta ingancin iska, amma tasirin sanyaya na aerosol ya zama bai isa ya kwantar da tasirin karuwar zafi na iskar gas - yana bayanin babban dumamar duniya ba zato ba tsammani a cikin 2023-2024.[2]
Masana kimiyya a fagen ƙaddamar da matsanancin taron sun kammala cewa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe da yankuna a duniya a cikin shekara guda da ta fara a watan Mayu 2024, dumamar duniya da mutum ya haifar ya kara yawan kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin zafi a kan ka'idojin dogon lokaci.[3]
  • 10 ga Janairu: taƙaitaccen bayani daga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta Copernicus ya bayyana cewa 2024 ita ce shekara mafi zafi tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1850, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya ya kai 1.6 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu, ya wuce a karo na farko da aka tsara ta Yarjejeniyar Paris. Takaitaccen bayani ya kuma bayyana cewa 2024 shine shekara ta biyu a jere tare da mafi yawan zafin jiki na duniya, ya wuce 2023 da +0.12 °C.[6]   
  • 21 ga Janairu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Climate Change ya kammala cewa akalla kashi 30% na Arctic ya zama tushen tushen carbon dioxide.[7]
  • 28 Janairu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Wasiƙun Binciken Muhalli ya ba da rahoton cewa karuwar yawan zafin jiki na duniya ya ninka fiye da sau huɗu, daga 0.06 K a kowace shekara goma a lokacin 1985-89 zuwa 0.27 K a kowace shekaru goma na 2019-23, kuma ya yi hasashen cewa karuwar da aka ƙaddara a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata za a iya wucewa cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.[8]  
  • 3 ga Fabrairu: wani binciken da James Hansen ya rubuta tare da shi wanda aka buga a cikin Muhalli ya kammala cewa IPCC ta yi watsi da tasirin tilasta sanyaya radiative na duniya na aerosols, bayan aiwatar da ka'idojin kasa da kasa na hayakin aerosol na teku a cikin 2020s wanda aka tsara don inganta ingancin iska.[2] Wannan ƙididdigar tasirin aerosols an ce ya haifar da ƙididdigat ƙarancin yanayi, Hansen et al. suna rubuta cewa raguwar a cikin aerosols ya bayyana babban yanayin zafi na duniya da ba zato ba tsammani da aka samu a cikin 2023-2024.[2]
  • 10 Fabrairu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Climate Change ya nuna cewa shekara ta farko ta kalandar sama da 1.5 °C dangane da matakan masana'antu a cikin 2024 ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa Duniya ta riga ta shiga cikin shekaru 20 wanda zai kai iyakar Yarjejeniyar Paris - wato, shekaru 20 tare da matsakaicin dumama na 1.5 °C.[9]  
  • 2 ga Fabrairu: wani binciken da kungiyar ba da riba ta wallafa a kan GHG Accounting of War ya kiyasta cewa shekaru uku na mamayar Rasha a Ukraine ya haifar da 230 MtCO2e (tunanin ma'aunin carbon dioxide daidai) - yana ambaton yaki, sake gina gine-gine, gobarar shimfidar wuri, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, 'yan gudun hijira da kuma gudun hijirar jirgin sama.[10]
  • 7 Maris: wani binciken da World Weather Attribution ya kammala cewa a cikin guguwar zafi ta Fabrairu 2025, canjin yanayi ya sanya matsanancin zafi aƙalla 2 ° C zafi kuma aƙalla sau goma ya fi dacewa.[11] 
  • 21 Maris: a ranar farko ta Duniya ta Glaciers (wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa), Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa biyar daga cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata sun ga mafi saurin koma baya na kankara a rubuce, kuma 2022-2024 sun ga mafi girman asarar shekaru uku na kankara.[12]
  • 14 ga Afrilu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ya kammala cewa tun daga 1940, dumamar duniya ta ninka sau uku yawan kwanaki a kowace shekara da tekuna ke fuskantar matsanancin yanayin zafi, kuma yana da alhakin karuwar 1 ° C a matsakaicin ƙarfin abubuwan da ke faruwa na zafi.[13] 
  • 30 Mayu: wani binciken da aka buga tare da Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Center, da World Weather Attribution sun kammala cewa a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, mutane biliyan huɗu sun sami akalla ƙarin kwanaki talatin na matsanancin zafi saboda canjin yanayi; kuma a cikin ƙasashe 195 da yankuna, canjin yanayi aƙalla ya ninka yawan kwanakin matsanancin zafi idan aka kwatanta da duniya ba tare da canjin yanayi ba.[3]
  • 5 Yuni (an ruwaito): a karo na farko, Cibiyar Kula da Mauna Loa ta NOAA ta auna yawan carbon dioxide na yanayi sama da sassa 430 a kowace miliyan.[14]
  • 16 Yuni: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Communications ya gano cewa yanayin zafi mafi girma (27.3 ° C vs. 6.4 ° C) yana da alaƙa da yiwuwar kashi 45% na samun ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin dare.[15]  
  • 18 Yuni: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature ya kammala cewa dumama duniya yana rage samar da amfanin gona da kashi 4.4% na amfani da caloric da aka ba da shawarar ga kowane 1 ° C na dumama duniya, kodayake matakan daidaitawa na iya rage asarar.[16] 
  • 7 ga Yuli: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Geoscience ya ba da rahoton cewa canje-canje a cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo suna ƙaruwa ba tare da layi ba tare da zafin jiki, tare da karuwar dumama yana ƙara tsawon fiye da daidaito.[17]
  • Yuli: Hukumar Sabunta Makamashi ta Duniya ta sabuntawa ta Duniya ta Zane-Jane ta 2024 ta ce a kan farashin wutar lantarki (LCOE), kashi 91% na sabon ƙarfin sabuntawa ya ba da wutar lantarki a farashi mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da sabon madadin burbushin burbushin. Sabbin ayyukan iska na kan tudu suna da LCOE na $ 0.034 / kWh, hasken rana na photovoltaic $ 0.043/kWh, da kuma wutar lantarki $ 0.057/kWh.[18]

Abubuwan da suka faru na halitta

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  • 1 January: a study published in Science Advances concluded that faster flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at higher latitudes causes upwelling of isotopically light deep waters around Antarctica, likely increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and thereby potentially constituting a critical positive feedback for future warming.[19]
  • 6 January: a study published in Nature Climate Change stated that a fungal pathogen (Entomophaga maimaiga) that had successfully controlled the defoliation of the spongy moth in North American forests was becoming less effective due to climate change producing hotter, drier conditions. The study predicts this will lead to significantly decreased forest biodiversity and productivity by spongy moths, evidenced by recent increases in defoliation.[20]
  • 7 January: NOAA's Arctic Report Card 2024 reported that, including the impact of increased wildfires, the Arctic tundra region had shifted from storing carbon in the soil to becoming a carbon dioxide source, and that the Arctic remained a consistent source of methane—both adding to planet-warming greenhouse gases in the air.[21]
  • 8 January: a study published in Nature concluded that one-quarter of 23,496 decapod crustaceans, fishes and odonates studied, some of which provide climate change mitigation, are threatened with extinction.[22] One-fifth of threatened freshwater species are affected by climate change and severe weather events.[22]
  • 9 January: a study published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment estimated that since the mid-twentieth century, global-averaged 3-month and 12-month "hydroclimate whiplash" events have increased by 31–66% and 8–31%, respectively.[23] Such increases amplify hazards associated with rapid swings between wet and dry states, including flash floods, wildfires, landslides and disease outbreaks.[23] (Hydroclimate volatility refers to "sudden, large and/or frequent transitions between very dry and very wet conditions".)[23]
  • 15 January: a study published in Weather reported that the terrestrial biosphere's rate of natural carbon dioxide sequestration has fallen since its 2008 peak at a rate of 0.25% per year, a decline that will accelerate climate change.[24]
  • 21 January: a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reported an "abrupt, coherent, climate-driven transformation" from "blue" (more transparent) to "brown" (less transparent) states of lakes in Greenland after a season of both record heat and rainfall drove a state change in these systems.[25] This change was said to alter "numerous physical, chemical, and biological lake features", and the state changes were said to be unprecedented.[25]
  • February (reported): though polar bears and grizzly bears traditionally occupy distinct habitats (marine and land), arctic warming has forced polar bears inland into grizzly bear habitats, where the two species mate to produce hybrid "grolar bears" that have characteristics poorly adapted to either marine or land habitats.
  • 4 February: a study published in Environmental Research Letters concluded that, in addition to the 2023 marine heat wave, an extensive river plume caused a ~10–20 metres (33–66 ft) thick strongly stratified barrier layer that contributed to Hurricane Idalia's rapid intensification (Category 1 to Category 4 in less than 24 hours).[26]
  • 21 February: a study published in npj Natural Hazards unified studies of climatic trends and of wildland-urban interface (WUI) expansion, and concluded that climatic factors increased the frequency of high-risk fire weather by a factor of 2.5, and that the combination of climatic factors with WUI expansion led to a 4.1-fold increase in the frequency of conditions conducive to extreme-impact wildfires from 1990 to 2022 across California.[27]
  • 26 February: a study published in Nature concluded that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is resilient to extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings across 34 climate models, suggesting that an AMOC collapse is unlikely in the 21st century.[28]
  • 26 February: a study published in Science Advances concluded that short-, mid-, and long-term ambient outdoor heat can significantly accelerate epigenetic aging in older adults.[29]
  • 5 March: a study published in Geophysical Research Letters concluded that redistribution of mass caused by melting of ice sheets and glaciers will shift the Earth's rotational poles from 12–27 metres (39–89 ft) by 2100, depending on the degree of future global warming.[30] Changing Earth's rotational axis affects spacecraft navigation and orientation of deep space telescopes.[30]
  • 10 March: a study published in Nature Sustainability projected that climate change's cooling of the atmosphere occupied by space debris in low Earth orbit will reduce the atmosphere's drag on the debris, extending the debris' lifetime and potentially causing a 50–66% reduction in satellite carrying capacity at altitudes 200–1,000 kilometres (120–620 mi).[31]
  • 19 March: an article published in Nature said that two major natural events occurred at the end of the last ice age: around 10,300 and 8,300 years ago, sea levels surged rapidly due to meltwater releases from the North American and Antarctic ice sheets, with peak rates of sea-level rise reaching nearly 9 mm/year — comparable to projections for the year 2100 under high-emissions scenarios.[32]
  • 25 March: an article published in Nature said that volcanic eruptions over the past 603 years have significantly impacted the strength and tilt of the Atlantic jet stream, which in turn influenced extreme weather events in Europe. These jet stream shifts contributed to increased droughts when moving north and heightened flood risks when shifting south.[33]
  • 10 April: NOAA published a statement that after a few months of La Niña conditions, the tropical Pacific was ENSO-neutral and was likely to remain so through autumn, stating the most recent La Niña phase was very brief.[34]
  • 21 April: NOAA confirmed the Earth was experiencing its fourth global coral bleaching event, which it called the biggest to date: from 1 January 2023 to 20 April 2025, bleaching-level heat stress had impacted 83.7% of the world’s coral reef area, and mass coral bleaching had been documented in at least 83 countries and territories.[35]
  • 30 April: a study published in Nature Communications described how melting of sea ice caused by global warming allows increased areas of open water—which passes a narrower spectrum of light than the smooth continuum of frequencies passed by sea ice—to "cause major changes in both the pigment and species composition of primary producers in polar ecosystems".[36] These changes affect photosynthesis in ocean phytoplankton.[36]
  • 6 May: a study published in Nature Communications concluded that glacial melt is accelerated even when ocean temperatures are constant, a phenomenon caused when cold fresh meltwater rushing from beneath glaciers creates upward turbulence, drawing in warm ocean water from below.[37]
  • 8 May: NOAA's April 2025 U.S. Climate Report documented a slow-moving storm system that brought over 150 tornadoes to the South and Midwest, resulting in at least 24 fatalities and widespread flooding. This event underscores the increasing frequency of severe convective storms in a warming climate.[38]
  • 20 May: a study published in Communications Earth & Environment concluded that merely maintaining a global average temperature of +1.5 °C is inadequate to avoid extensive loss and damage to coastal populations in coming centuries, and hypothesized that "+1 °C above pre-industrial, possibly even lower" is required to avoid such loss and damage.[39]
  • 31 May: a study published in Communications Earth & Environment suggested that as glacial melt exposes soil, glacial meltwater's net sequestration of carbon dioxide gives way to water from exposed soil that enhances methane and carbon dioxide production, switching from a negative to positive warming feedback.[40]
  • 4 June: a study published in Nature concluded that atmospheric evaporative demand (AED)—"atmospheric thirst" causing moisture to be removed from the Earth's surface—has increased drought severity by an average of 40% globally.[41]
  • 9 June: a study published in Global Change Biology suggested that by 2020, global ocean acidity conditions had already crossed into the uncertainty range of the Planetary Boundary Framework.[42]
  • 16 June: a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reported a tripling in the past half-century of the number of planetary wave events caused by quasi-resonant amplification (QRA).[43] Such wave events underlie extreme weather events such as heatwaves, flooding, wildfires, and heat dome events.[43]
  • 7 July: findings in a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggested that current Earth system models overestimate the ability of northern temperate forests to absorb carbon, because the models do not consider the impacts of shrinking snowpack and increased soil freeze/thaw cycles.[44]
  • 14 July: a study published in Communications Earth & Environment said that accelerated East Asian reduction in aerosol emissions unmasks greenhouse gas-driven warming, enough to be a main driver of the accelerated global warming since 2010.[45]

Ayyuka, da maganganun manufa

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Kimiyya da fasaha

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 12 Fabrairu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Bird Study ya gano cewa gonakin hasken rana na iya amfana da yawan tsuntsaye da bambancin halittu a cikin shimfidar wurare masu noma, musamman idan aka sarrafa su tare da bambancin halitta a zuciya.[46]
  • 3 Maris: ba da shawara ga masu tsara manufofi don daidaita rashin tabbas a cikin yanke shawara don kara yawan decarbonization, wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ya bukaci "hanyar fayil" na dasa nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban-daban, yayin da wannan hanyar "ta rage fallasawa ga tsananin farashi".[47]
  • Mayu (an ruwaito): wata dabara ta haɗa da yin famfo ruwa daga ƙarƙashin kankara ta Arctic da yayyafa shi a saman kankara. Yana sake sanyaya da sauri, yana kauri kankara a wannan wuri don ya daɗe a cikin watanni masu dumi kuma yana ƙara yawan hasken rana mai zafi wanda aka nunawa a sararin samaniya.

Ayyukan siyasa, tattalin arziki, shari'a, da al'adu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

  • 20 ga Janairu: cikin sa'o'i na rantsar da shi, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sanya hannu kan umarnin zartarwa don janye kasar daga Yarjejeniyar Paris ta 2015, ya shiga Iran, Libya da Yemen kawai don zama ƙasashe kawai da ba su shiga yarjejeniyar ba.
  • 4 ga Maris: Gwamnatin Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ta janye wakilan kasar daga kwamitin Asusun Asusun Kashewa da Lalacewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda aka kafa don taimakawa kasashe matalauta da marasa lafiya su jimre da bala'o'in da suka haifar da canjin yanayi.
  • 13 Maris: Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka da ke Costa Rica ta umarci gwamnatin Ecuador da ta kare 'Yan asalin ƙasar daga ayyukan mai, ta bar mai a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasashensu, da kuma tabbatar da ayyukan mai na gaba ba su shafi' yan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a warewa da son rai ba.
  • 14 Maris: 'Yan wasan Olympics 440 daga kasashe 90 da wasanni 50 sun bude wasika ga' yan takarar Shugaban Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Duniya, suna roƙon su da su ci gaba da "ruhun wasannin ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa wasanni sun kasance masu sauƙi da aminci ga tsararraki masu zuwa".[48]
  • 24 Maris: Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta ki sauraron karar a cikin Juliana v. Amurka, ta kawo karshen shari'ar da matasa masu shigar da kara suka tabbatar a cikin takardarsu ta 2015 cewa gwamnati ta keta hakkinsu na kundin tsarin mulki ta hanyar karfafa amfani da man fetur.[49] Wasu sauran shari'o'i tare da irin wannan dabarun sun fi nasara.
A watan Mayu 2025, NOAA / NCEI a cikin gwamnatin Trump ta nuna cewa ba za ta sake tara bayanan da suka zama tushen wannan ginshiƙi ba. NOAA / NCEI yana da damar yin amfani da bayanan da ba na jama'a ba, don haka duk wani bayanan sirri zai kasance da iyaka a cikin iyaka.[50]
  • 30 Maris: wata wasika da masu bincike 1900 suka sanya hannu ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump da ta dakatar da "babban hari kan kimiyyar Amurka", gami da toshe bincike kan Canjin yanayi, da kuma sa masu bincike su rayu a cikin "yanayin tsoro" a cikin maganganun gwamnati na sharuɗɗa kamar canjin yanayi kamar yadda ba a yarda da shi ba.[51]
  • 28 ga Afrilu: Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya kori masana kimiyya da masana da suka tattara Binciken Yanayi na Kasa (NCAs) wanda Majalisa ta Amurka ke buƙata, an shirya kimantawa ta gaba don 2028. A cikin mako, American Meteorological Society (AMS) da American Geophysical Union (AGU) sun ce tare za su samar da mujallu sama da 29 da aka sake dubawa don rufe canjin yanayi; cewa yayin da ba sa da'awar za su maye gurbin NCA, za su ci gaba da aikinta.
  • 7 ga Mayu: wani binciken rashin daidaito na hayaki daga 1990 zuwa 2020 wanda aka buga a cikin Nature Climate Change ya kammala cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na dumamar yanayi na duniya yana da alaƙa da mafi arziki 10%, kuma kashi 20% na dumamarwa yana da alaƙar mafi arziki 1% . [52] An gabatar da wasu kididdiga da yawa.
  • 8 Mayu (an bayar da rahoton): Hukumar Kula da Yanayi da Yanayi ta Kasa (NOAA) a karkashin Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ce Cibiyoyin Kula da Yanayin Muhalli na NOAA ba za su sake sabunta bayanan sa na Miliyan Miliyan biliyan da Bala'o'in Yanayi ba bayan 2024, kuma za a adana bayanan sa - har zuwa 1980 - za a adaya.
  • 30 Yuni: shafin yanar gizon duniyachange.gov na Shirin Binciken Canjin Duniya na Amurka, wanda aka kafa a 1990 don karɓar bakuncin rahotanni da doka ta ba da umarni ciki har da Binciken Yanayi na Kasa, Gwamnatin Trump ta saukar da shi.

Magana game da burin ragewa

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  • Maris: OECD ta saka hannun jari a cikin Yanayi don Girma da Ci gaba ya kammala cewa hanzarta matakin yanayi yana ba da ribar tattalin arziki, musamman, cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ingantaccen NDCs, GDP na duniya a cikin 2040 zai zama 0.2% sama da a ƙarƙashin Yanayin Siyasa na yanzu.[53]

Magana game da manufa

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  • 9 Maris: X-link" data-linkid="408" href="./United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" id="mwAoE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Sakataren Tsaro na Amurka Peter Hegseth ya wallafa a shafin yanar gizon kafofin sada zumunta X cewa " (Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka) ba ta yin amfani da canjin yanayi", kodayake binciken Pentagon na 2018 ya gano cewa kusan rabin dukkan wuraren soja na Amurka suna fuskantar barazanar yanayi da ke da alaƙa da canjin sauyin yanayi. Hegseth ya kuma yi kira ga sake dubawa na maganganun manufa da takardun tsare-tsaren soja don tabbatar da cewa babu "masu ambaton canjin yanayi da batutuwa masu alaƙa", kodayake ba ya hana Pentagon daga "bincike tasirin yanayi akan ayyukan, rage haɗarin da ke da alaƙa da yanayi (ko) gudanar da kimanta muhalli". Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta ba da sanarwar soke karatun 91, gami da bincike kan tasirin canjin yanayi da tsarin ƙaura na duniya, don adana kusan 0.03% na kasafin kuɗin sashen a cikin 2024.

Yarjejeniya

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  • 17 ga Afrilu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Halin Mutum na Yanayi ya gano cewa gabatar da mutane tare da bayanan yanayi na biyu - alal misali, tafkin daskarewa da ba daskarewa ba - yana ƙara tasirin tasirin da aka gani na canjin yanayi idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da aka gabatar da bayanai masu ci gaba kamar canjin zafin jiki.[54] Masu binciken sun ce binciken sun tabbatar da tasirin kwari mai tafasa don sadarwa na canjin yanayi.[54]
  • 5 Yuni: sakamakon binciken kasashe 20 da aka buga a cikin Halin Dan Adam na Yanayi ya nuna goyon baya mai karfi - gami da kashi 75% na Turawa da rabin Amurkawa - don Tsarin Yanayi na Duniya (wani bambancin Cap da Share) farashin carbon na duniya da shirin sake rarraba tsabar kudi. Binciken ya kuma sami goyon baya mai yawa don karuwar taimakon kasashen waje ko harajin dukiya don tallafawa ƙasashe masu karamin karfi.[55]

Tsinkaya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 6 ga Janairu: Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Rahotanni na Kimiyya wanda ke kwatanta mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi daga canjin yanayi tare da yawan mutuwar COVID-19 a cikin birane 38 na duniya ya gano cewa a cikin rabi, mutuwar da ke tattare da zafi na shekara-shekara zai iya wuce yawan mutuwar COVID19 a cikin shekaru 10 idan yanayin duniya ya tashi da 3.0 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu. Binciken ya nuna cewa biranen da ke Arewacin Amurka da Turai, musamman a yankunan Bahar Rum da Tsakiyar Turai, za su sami karuwar gaske a cikin hasashen mutuwar zafi.[56] 
  • 3 ga Fabrairu: Kamfanin samfurin kudi na hadarin yanayi First Street Foundation ya tsara cewa nan da shekara ta 2055, unguwanni 70,026 na Amurka (84% na duk warƙoƙin ƙidayar jama'a) na iya fuskantar dala tiriliyan 1.47 a cikin asarar darajar dukiya mai alaƙa da yanayi, yana ambaton matsin inshora da sauya bukatar masu amfani.[57]
  • 4 ga Fabrairu: wani bita labarin da aka buga a cikin Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, wanda ke danganta kimiyyar yanayi ta jiki tare da haɗarin mutuwar zafi, ya yi hasashen cewa dumamar duniya da mutum ya haifar da kai 2 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu zai haifar da sau uku na yankin ƙasa na duniya wanda ba shi da amfani (bayan abin da zafin jikin mutum ya tashi ba tare da kulawa ba) ga matasa.[58] 
  • 26 Fabrairu: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature ya kammala cewa yaduwar juyawa ta Atlantic (AMOC) tana da juriya ga matsanancin iskar gas da ruwan sha na Arewacin Atlantic a cikin samfuran yanayi 34, yana nuna cewa rushewar AMOC ba zai yiwu ba a cikin karni na 21. [28]
  • 28 Fabrairu: bisa ga halaye na duniya (precession, obliquity, da eccentricity), wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Kimiyya ya kammala cewa lokacin glacial-Interglacial ya kasance mafi mahimmanci a cikin ~ 100,000 shekaru sake zagayowar, kuma ya yi hasashen cewa idan babu tilastawar mutum, zamanin ƙanƙara na gaba zai fara a cikin ~ 10,000 shekaru.[59]
  • 5 Maris: wata takarda da aka buga a cikin Nature ta ambaci Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya kamar yadda ta bayyana cewa cibiyoyin bayanai sun haifar da 1-1.3% na bukatar wutar lantarki ta duniya a 2022, amma hakan, tare da amfani da wutar lantarki da ake sa ran zai karu da fiye da 80% nan da shekara ta 2050 saboda dukkan tushe, an tsara cibiyoyin bayanan don "ƙididdigewa ga karamin rabo na ci gaban bukatar wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya".[60]
  • 10 Maris: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Sustainability ya nuna cewa sauyin yanayi na sanyaya yanayi wanda ya mamaye tarkacewar sararin samaniya a cikin ƙasa zai rage jan sararin samaniya akan tarkace, yana fadada rayuwar tarkace kuma yana iya haifar da raguwar 50-66% a cikin ƙarfin ɗaukar tauraron dan adam a tsawo 200-1,000 . [31]
  • 12 Maris: Kungiyar Shawara ta Boston Landing the Economic Case for Climate Action tare da Masu yanke shawara sun kammala cewa farashin kasa saka hannun jari don rage dumamar duniya daga hasashen yanzu 3.0 ° C zuwa 2.0 ° C daidai yake da 11% zuwa 27% na yawan tattalin arzikin da aka fitar.[61]  
  • 20 Mayu: lura da cewa yanayin zafi na duniya na yanzu ya ninka sau huɗu yawan asarar kankara tun daga shekarun 1990, wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Communications ya kammala cewa kiyaye yanayin zafi na yanzu zai haifar da mita da yawa na hauhawar matakin teku a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa, "yana haifar da asarar da lalacewa ga mutanen bakin teku da ƙalubalanci aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa".[39]
  • 28 ga Mayu: Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya ta yi hasashen yiwuwar kashi 70% cewa matsakaicin dumamar duniya na 2025-2029 zai zama fiye da 1.5 ° C, daga 47% a cikin rahoton shekarar da ta gabata na 2024-2028. [62] 
  • 29 ga Mayu: wani binciken da aka buga Kimiyya ya kiyasta cewa idan yanayin zafi ya kasance mai ɗorewa, kankara a duniya za ta rasa kashi 39% na nauyin su na 2020, wanda zai haifar da hauhawar matakin teku na 113 millimeters (4.4 in). [63] Fiye da sau biyu da yawa na kankara an tsara su kasance a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris +1.5 ° C burin fiye da 2.7 ° C da aka annabta daga manufofi na yanzu (53% da 24%). [63]  
  • 16 Yuni: wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Communications ya tsara cewa tare da ≥1.8 °C dumama na duniya, za a sami karuwar 1.2- zuwa 3-ci a cikin barcin bacci ta hanyar 2100.[15] 

Littattafai masu muhimmanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Moon, Twila A.;Druckenmiller, Matthew L.;Thoman, Richard L., editoci. "Katarin Rahoton Arctic 2024" (PDF). Hukumar Kula da Tekun Kasa da Yanayi (NOAA) Ofishin Binciken Tekun Duniya da Yanayi. [Hotuna a shafi na 10] An adana (PDF) daga asali a ranar 11 ga Maris 2025."Arctic Report Card 2024" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. doi:10.25923/b7c7-6431. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2025.Hukumar Kula da Tekun Kasa da Yanayi (NOAA) Ofishin Binciken Tekun Duniya da Yanayi. [Hotuna a shafi na 10] An adana (PDF) daga asali a ranar 11 ga Maris 2025.
  • E. Elbeyi, K. Bruhn Jensen, M. Aronczyk, J. Asuka, G. Ceylan, J. Cook, G. Erdelyi, H. Ford, C. Milani, E. Mustafaraj, F. Ogenga, S. Yadin, P. N. Howard, S. Valenzuela (eds.) "Bayani game da Kimiyya ta Yanayi: Binciken Tsarin" (PDF). Zurich, Switzerland: Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa kan Muhalli na Bayanai (IPIE). Yuni 2025. doi:10.61452/BTZP3426. An adana (PDF) daga asali a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2025."Information Integrity about Climate Science: A Systematic Review" (PDF). International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE). June 2025. doi:10.61452/BTZP3426 Check |doi= value (help). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2025.Zurich, Switzerland: Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa kan Muhalli na Bayanai (IPIE). Yuni 2025. doi:10.61452/BTZP3426. An adana (PDF) daga asali a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2025.
  • Guastello, Paula; Smith, Kelly Helm; Knutson, Cody; Svoboda, Mark (July 2025). "Drought Hotspots Around the World 2023-2025" (PDF). Prepared by the United States National Drought Mitigation Center for the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2025.
  • "Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change / Advisory Opinion" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 23 July 2025.

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Watts, Jonathan (29 December 2023). "World will look back at 2023 as year humanity exposed its inability to tackle climate crisis, scientists say". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 March 2025.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Hansen, James E.; Kharecha, Pushker; Sato, Makiko; Tselioudis, George; et al. (3 February 2025). "Global Warming Has Accelerated: Are the United Nations and the Public Well-Informed?". Environment. 67 (1): 6–44. doi:10.1080/00139157.2025.2434494. Figure 3. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Envt_Hanson_20250203" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Giguere, Otto; Tanenenbaum, Vahlbert (30 May 2025). "Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks" (PDF). Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2025.
  4. ↑ "2025 Statistical Review of World Energy / 2024 Regional overview – energy security". The Energy Institute. 2025. pp. 3 and 10. Archived from the original on 26 June 2025. Download the 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy
  5. ↑ Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Gregg, Jillian W.; Torres-Romero, Erik Joaquín (20 May 2025). "Climate change threats to Earth's wild animals". BioScience. biaf059. doi:10.1093/biosci/biaf059.
  6. ↑ "Global Climate Highlights 2024 Copernicus". climate.copernicus.eu. Copernicus Climate Change Service. 10 January 2025. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025.
  7. ↑ Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Rogers, Brendan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Arndt, Kyle A.; et al. (21 January 2025). "Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-024-02234-5.
  8. ↑ Merchant, Christopher J.; Allan, Richard P.; Embury, Owen (28 January 2025). "Quantifying the acceleration of multidecadal global sea surface warming driven by Earth's energy imbalance". Environmental Research Letters. 20 (2): 024037. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/adaa8a.
  9. ↑ Bevacqua, Emanuele; Carl-Friedrich, Schleussner; Zscheischler, Jakob (Feb 2025). "A year above 1.5 °C signals that Earth is most probably within the 20-year period that will reach the Paris Agreement limit". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02246-9.
  10. ↑ de Klerk, Lennard; Schlapak, Mykola; Zibtsev, Sergiy; Myroniuk, Viktor; et al. (24 February 2025). "Climate Damage Caused by Russia's War in Ukraine" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2025.
  11. ↑ Kew, Sarah; Pinto, Izidine; Sjoukje, Philip; Kimutai, Joyce; et al. (7 March 2025). "Women and girls continue to bear disproportionate impacts of heatwaves in South Sudan that have become a constant threat" (PDF). World Weather Attribution. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2025.
  12. ↑ "Glacier melt will unleash avalanche of cascading impacts". World Meteorological Organization. 21 March 2025. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025.
  13. ↑ Marcos, Marta; Amores, Angel; Agulles, Miguel; Feng, Xiangbo (14 April 2025). "Global warming drives a threefold increase in persistence and 1 °C rise in intensity of marine heatwaves". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (16): e2413505122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2413505122.
  14. ↑ Monroe, Robert (5 June 2025). "Annual carbon dioxide peak passes another milestone". Phys.org. Archived from the original on 6 June 2025.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lechat, Bastien; Manners, Jack; Pinilla, Lucía; Reynolds, Amy C.; Scott, Hannah (16 June 2025). "Global warming may increase the burden of obstructive sleep apnea". Nature Communications. 16: 5100. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60218-1.
  16. ↑ Hultgren, Andrew; Carleton, Tamma; Delgado, Michael; Gergel, Diana R.; Greenstone, Michael; Houser, Trevor (18 June 2025). "Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation". Nature. 642: 644–652. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09085-w.
  17. ↑ Martinez-Villalobos, Cristian; Fu, Danning; Loikith, Paul C.; Neelin, J. David (7 July 2025). "Accelerating increase in the duration of heatwaves under global warming". Nature Geoscience. doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01737-w.
  18. ↑ "Renewable Power Generation Costs 2024" (PDF). International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). July 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2025.
  19. ↑ Starr, Aidan; Hall, Ian R.; Barker, Stephen; Nederbragt, Alexandra; Owen, Lindsey; Hemming, Sidney R. (1 January 2025). "Shifting Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Africa over the past 1.9 million years". Science Advances. 11 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp1692. PMC 11691690 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 39742497 Check |pmid= value (help).
  20. ↑ Liu, Jiawei; Kyle, Colin; Wang, Jiali; Kotamarthi, Rao; Koval, William; Dukic, Vanja; Dwyer, Greg (2025-01-06). "Climate change drives reduced biocontrol of the invasive spongy moth". Nature Climate Change (in Turanci): 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41558-024-02204-x. ISSN 1758-6798.
  21. ↑ Moon, Twila A.;Druckenmiller, Matthew L.;Thoman, Richard L., editors. "Arctic Report Card 2024" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. doi:10.25923/b7c7-6431. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2025.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Sayer, Catherine A.; Fernando, Eresha; Jiminez, Randall R.; et al. (8 January 2025). "One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z. PMC 11798842 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 39779863 Check |pmid= value (help).
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Swain, Daniel L.; Prein, Andreas F.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Albano, Christine M.; et al. (9 January 2025). "Hydroclimate volatility on a warming Earth". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 6 (1): 35–50. Bibcode:2025NRvEE...6...35S. doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00624-z.
  24. ↑ Curran, James C.; Curran, Samuel A. (15 January 2025). "Natural sequestration of carbon dioxide is in decline: climate change will accelerate". Weather. doi:10.1002/wea.7668.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Saros, Jasmine E.; Hazukova, Vaclava; Northington, Robert M.; McGowan, Suzanne (21 January 2025). "Abrupt transformation of West Greenland lakes following compound climate extremes associated with atmospheric rivers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 122 (4): e2413855122. doi:10.1073/pnas.241385512.
  26. ↑ Shi, Jing; Hu, Chuanmin; Cannizzaro, Jennifer; Barnes, Brian; Zhang, Yingjun; Lembke, Chad; Le Henaff, Matthieu (4 February 2025). "Intensification of Hurricane Idalia by a river plume in the eastern Gulf of Mexico". Environmental Research Letters. 20 (024050). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/adad8a.
  27. ↑ Kumar, Mukesh; AghaKouchak, Amir; Abatzoglou, John T.; Sadesh, Mojtaba (21 February 2025). "Compounding effects of climate change and WUI expansion quadruple the likelihood of extreme-impact wildfires in California". npj Natural Hazards. 2 (17). doi:10.1038/s44304-025-00067-6.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Baker, J.A.; Bell, M.J.; Jackson, L.C.; Vallis, G.K.; Watson, A.J.; Wood, R.A. (26 February 2025). "Continued Atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes". Nature. 638: 987–994. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08544-0. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  29. ↑ Choi, Eun Young; Ailshire, Jennifer A. (26 February 2025). "Ambient outdoor heat and accelerated epigenetic aging among older adults in the US". Science Advances. 11 (9).
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Shahvandi, Mostafa Kiani; Soja, Benedikt (5 March 2025). "Climate-Induced Polar Motion: 1900–2100". Geophysical Research Letters. doi:10.1029/2024GL113405.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Parker, William E.; Brown, Matthew K.; Linares, Richard (10 March 2025). "Greenhouse gases reduce the satellite carrying capacity of low Earth orbit". Nature Sustainability. doi:10.1038/s41893-025-01512-0.
  32. ↑ Khan, Nicole S. (19 March 2025). "Ancient peat reveals that sea level surged rapidly twice at the end of the last ice age". Nature (in Turanci). 639 (8055): 580–582. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00800-1. ISSN 1476-4687.
  33. ↑ Dannenberg, Matthew P.; Wise, Erika K. (25 March 2025). "How the Atlantic jet stream has changed in 600 years — and what it means for weather". Nature (in Turanci). 640 (8057): 39–40. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00871-0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  34. ↑ Becker, Emily (10 April 2025). "April 2025 ENSO update: La Niña has ended". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 10 April 2025.
  35. ↑ "Current Global Bleaching: Status Update & Data Submission". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 21 April 2025. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Soja-Woźniak, Monika; Holtrop, Tadzio; Woutersen, Sander; van der Woerd, Hendrik Jan; Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten; Huisman, Jef (30 April 2025). "Loss of sea ice alters light spectra for aquatic photosynthesis". Nature Communications. 16: 4059. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59386-x. PMC 12043827 Check |pmc= value (help).
  37. ↑ Prakash, Abhay; Zhou, Qin; Hattermann, Tore; Kirchner, Nina (6 May 2025). "Enhanced subglacial discharge amplifies Petermann Ice Shelf melting when ocean thermal forcing saturates". Nature Communications. 16 (4213). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59469-9.
  38. ↑ National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). "Assessing the U.S. Climate in April 2025". National Centers for Environmental Information. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Retrieved 9 May 2025.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Stokes, Chris R.; Bamber, Jonathan L.; Dutton, Andrea; DeConto, Robert M. (20 May 2025). "Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets". Nature Communications. 6 (351). doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w.
  40. ↑ Pain, A. J.; Martin, J. B.; Martin, E. E.; Salinas-Reyes, J. T.; Bennett, C. (31 May 2025). "Glacial retreat converts exposed landscapes from net carbon sinks to sources". Communications Earth & Environment. 6: 424. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02404-z.
  41. ↑ Gebrechorkos, Solomon H.; Sheffield, Justin; Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.; Funk, Chris; et al. (4 June 2025). "Warming accelerates global drought severity". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09047-2.
  42. ↑ Findlay, Helen S.; Feely, Richard A.; Jiang, Li-Qing; Pelletier, Greg; Bednaršek, Nina (9 June 2025). "Ocean Acidification: Another Planetary Boundary Crossed". Global Change Biology. doi:10.1111/gcb.70238.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Li, Xueke; Mann, Michael E.; Wehner, Michael F.; Christiansen, Shannon (16 June 2025). "Increased frequency of planetary wave resonance events over the past half-century". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (25): e2504482122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2504482122.
  44. ↑ Conrad-Rooney, Emerson; Reinmann, Andrew B.; Templer, Pamela H. (7 July 2025). "Declining winter snowpack offsets carbon storage enhancement from growing season warming in northern temperate forest ecosystems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 122 (28): e2412873122. doi:10.1073/pnas.241287312.
  45. ↑ Samset, Bjorn H.; Wilcox, Laura J.; Allen, Robert J.; Stjern, Camilla W.; et al. (14 July 2025). "East Asian aerosol cleanup has likely contributed to the recent acceleration in global warming". Communications Earth & Environment. 6: 543. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02527-3.
  46. ↑ Copping, Joshua P.; Waite, Catherine E.; Balmford, Andrew; Bradbury, Richard B.; Field, Rob H.; Morris, Isobel; Finch, Tom (12 February 2025). "Solar farm management influences breeding bird responses in an arable-dominated landscape". Bird Study: 1–6. doi:10.1080/00063657.2025.2450392.
  47. ↑ Cho, Frankie H. T.; Aglonucci, Paolo; Bateman, Ian J.; Lee, Christopher F.; Lovett, Andrew; Mancini, Mattia C.; Rapti, Chrisanthi; Day, Brett H. (3 March 2025). "Resilient tree-planting strategies for carbon dioxide removal under compounding climate and economic uncertainties". PNAS. 122 (10): e2320961122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2320961122. PMC 11912443 Check |pmc= value (help).
  48. ↑ "Dear IOC Presidency Candidates" (PDF). Athletes of the World. 14 March 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2025.
  49. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NYTimes_20250324
  50. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Guardian_20250508
  51. ↑ 1900 Researchers (31 March 2025). "Public Statement on Supporting Science for the Benefit of All Citizens". Archived from the original on 1 April 2025.
  52. ↑ Schöngart, Sarah; Nicholls, Zebedee; Hoffman, Roman; Pelz, Setu; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich (7 May 2025). "High-income groups disproportionately contribute to climate extremes worldwide". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02325-x.
  53. ↑ "Investing in Climate for Growth and Development" (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). March 2025. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2025.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Liu, Grace; Snell, Jake C.; Griffiths, Thomas L.; Dubey, Rachit (17 April 2025). "Binary climate data visuals amplify perceived impact of climate change". Nature Human Behaviour. doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02183-9.
  55. ↑ Fabre, Adrien; Douenne, Thomas; Mattauch, Linus (5 June 2025). "Majority support for global redistributive and climate policies". Nature Human Behaviour. doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02175-9.
  56. ↑ Batibeniz, Fulden; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Jha, Srinidhi; Ribeiro, Andreia; Suarez Gutierrez, Laura; Raible, Christoph C.; Malhotra, Avni; Armstrong, Ben; Bell, Michelle L.; Lavigne, Eric; Gasparrini, Antonio; Guo, Yuming; Hashizume, Masahiro; Masselot, Pierre; da Silva, Susana Pereira (2025-01-06). "Rapid climate action is needed: comparing heat vs. COVID-19-related mortality". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 15 (1): 1002. Bibcode:2025NatSR..15.1002B. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82788-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11704295 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 39762298 Check |pmid= value (help).
  57. ↑ "Property Prices in Peril". First Street. 3 February 2025. Archived from the original on 4 February 2025.
  58. ↑ Matthews, Tom; Colin, Raymond; Foster, Josh; Bladwin, Jane W.; Ivanovich, Caherine; Kong, Qinqin; Kinney, Patrick; Horton, Radley M. (4 February 2025). "Mortality impacts of the most extreme heat events". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 6: 193–210. doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00635-w.
  59. ↑ Barker, Stephen; Lisiecki, Lorraine E.; Knorr, Gregor; Nuber, Sophie; Tzedakis, Polychronis C. (28 February 2025). "Distinct roles for precession, obliquity, and eccentricity in Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles". Science. 387: 6737. doi:10.1126/science.adp3491.
  60. ↑ Chen, Sophia (5 March 2025). "How much energy will AI really consume? The good, the bad and the unknown". Nature. 639: 22–24. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00616-z.
  61. ↑ Benayad, Amine; Hagenauer, Annalena; Holm, Lars; Jones, Edmond Rhys; et al. (12 March 2025). "Landing the Economic Case for Climate Action with Decision Makers" (PDF). Boston Consulting Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025.
  62. ↑ "Global climate predictions show temperatures expected to remain at or near record levels in coming 5 years". World Meteorological Organization. 28 May 2025. Archived from the original on 29 May 2025.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Zekollari, Harry; Schuster, Lilian; Maussion, Fabien; Hock, Regine; et al. "Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C versus 2.7°C". Science. 388 (6750): 979–983. doi:10.1126/science.adu4675.

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