2026 Yaduwar Ebola

2026 Yaduwar Ebola

Iri	public health emergency of international concern (en) Annoba
Kwanan watan	15 Mayu 2026 –  no value
Ƙasa	Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango da Uganda
Adadin waɗanda suka rasu	4,018 (a data de 2 Oktoba 2026)

A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar Ebola a lardin Ituri na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC). Wannan dai shine karo na 17 da cutar Ebola ta bulla a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo kuma ta fara ne watanni biyar kacal bayan kawo karshen barkewar cutar a baya. An yi hasashen cewa kamuwa da cutar ta fara bayyana ne a watan Janairu ko Fabrairu na shekarar 2026 a garin Mongbwalu . A farkon watan Agusta, annobar ta zama annoba mafi saurin bulla a tarihin cutar Ebola, kuma ta biyu mafi girma.

Annobar cutar ta samo asali ne daga cutar Bundibugyo ebola virus (BDBV), wadda ke da sarkakiya wajen ƙoƙarin mayar da martani yayin da aka tabbatar da ingancin magungunan da ake da su na wani nau'in Ebola daban, wato cutar Ebola ta Zaire . Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana barkewar cutar a matsayin gaggawa ta lafiyar jama'a ta duniya (PHEIC) a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2026.

An tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 2,642 a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da kuma wasu 2 a Uganda har zuwa makon na huɗu na watan Agusta. Rashin ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya a yankin da kuma rikice-rikicen da ake ci gaba da yi da makamai suna kawo cikas ga gano cutar, magani da kuma rigakafinta; ana ganin cewa ainihin girman barkewar cutar ya wuce adadin da aka tabbatar.

Barkewar cutar ta bazu zuwa wasu larduna biyar a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo, Arewacin Kivu, Kudancin Kivu, Haut-Uélé, Tshopo da Bas-Uélé . An kuma bayar da rahoton bullar cutar a babban birnin Uganda, Kampala .

Bayani

An samu barkewar cutar Ebola sau 16 a baya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. An taɓa samun barkewar cutar Bundibugyo sau biyu a baya, ɗaya a Gundumar Bundibugyo ta Uganda a 2007 da 2008, wanda daga nan aka samo sunansa, sannan kuma wani a 2012 a Isiro, DRC.

Babu wani allurar rigakafi ko magani da aka amince da shi musamman ga kwayar cutar Bundibugyo. Wani bincike da ya shafi macaques ya nuna cewa allurar rigakafin da aka amince da ita don cutar ebola ta Zaire, Ervebo, na iya yin tasiri kaɗan akan cutar Bundibugyo; WHO ta yanke hukuncin cewa wannan shaidar ba ta isa ba kuma ta ba da shawarar a hana amfani da ita a lokacin barkewar cutar a yanzu.

Matsalolin yanki

Taswirar ƙungiyoyin masu dauke da makamai da ke aiki a lardunan Ituri da Kivu a watan Fabrairun 2025

Barkewar cutar ta fara ne a Ituri, lardin gabashin DRC mai dogon tarihi na rikicin kabilanci. Yankin yana da wadataccen ƙarfe masu daraja, ciki har da zinare, tin, tungsten da tantalum, waɗanda galibi ƙananan ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai ne ke haƙo su. Ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai kamar ADF, CODECO da Rwanda sun yi fafutukar kwace yankunan hakar ma'adinai masu riba. Faɗa da ƙuntatawa daga ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai suna takaita damar samun agajin jin kai, suna kawo cikas ga ayyukan agaji, suna rage zirga-zirgar fararen hula da kuma iyakance damar samun muhimman ayyuka.

Manyan zirga-zirgar 'yan gudun hijira da tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje, da kuma tafiye-tafiyen da suka shafi hakar ma'adinai, suna da matuƙar wahala wajen gano waɗanda suka yi mu'amala da su . Matsayin Ituri a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci da ƙaura yana ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cututtuka zuwa yankin baki ɗaya.

Al'adu da bayanai marasa tushe

Al'adun gargajiya na binne mutane a yankin galibi suna ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Suna iya haɗawa da wanke gawar da yi mata sutura, mayar da ita ga kakanni, da kuma taɓa ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin jana'izar; waɗannan ayyukan suna sanya masu makoki cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Sabanin haka, hanyoyin binne gawar lafiya suna buƙatar a saka ta nan da nan a cikin jaka da aka rufe sannan a kai ta wurin da aka keɓe don binne gawar. Wannan yana iya sanya ma'aikatan lafiya cikin rikici da al'adun gargajiya.

An kai hare-hare da dama kan ma'aikatan lafiya, musamman waɗanda ke da hannu a jana'izar mutane, wanda ya samo asali ne daga bayanan da ba su dace ba game da cutar da kuma dalilan da suka haifar da tallafin jin kai.

Ilimin Cututtuka

Kwayar cutar Ebola ta zama ruwan dare a Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka. Jemagu galibi suna da gidajen ajiyar ruwa, kodayake ba a tabbatar da hakan ba game da wannan nau'in kwayar cutar. Kwayar cutar na iya kamuwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke farautar jemagu kuma ana iya yada ta ga mutane ta hanyar hulɗa da jemagu da suka kamu da cutar, gawawwaki, ko naman daji . Ana yada kwayar cutar tsakanin mutane ta hanyar kusantar juna kai tsaye da ruwan jikin mara lafiya ko wanda ya mutu; wannan yana sanya dangin wanda ya kamu da cutar da ma'aikatan lafiya cikin hatsari.

Nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna cewa cutar BDBV tana da saurin hayayyafa fiye da nau'in da aka fi sani, Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV), a cewar wani labarin da aka buga a kafofin watsa labarai da aka yi nazari a kansu.

Adadin mace-macen shari'a

Kiyasin adadin mace-macen ya bambanta. A cikin barkewar cutar a halin yanzu, an kiyasta cewa adadin mace-macen masu cutar (CFR) ya kai kashi 46%; duk da haka a Uganda, an kiyasta cewa adadin mace-macen ya kai kashi 10%, daga cikin ƙaramin rukuni na mutane 20; a DRC, an kiyasta cewa kashi 47% na CFR ya kai  %. Babu wani "adadin mace-mace da aka ƙayyade, kuma adadin barkewar cutar da wuri na iya zama mai ɓatarwa a duka bangarorin biyu", a cewar wata kafar watsa labarai.

A baya, ƙananan barkewar cutar, an kiyasta cewa BDBV tana da yawan mace-mace [kusan kashi 18% ko] "kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku" na 54%, a cewar wata kafar watsa labarai; duk da haka, wata majiya ta ce a baya, ƙananan, barkewar cutar, an kiyasta cewa BDBV tana da adadin mace-mace 30% (Uganda, 2007) da 50%  (DRC, 2012). Barkewar cutar a shekarar 2007, ta tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 37, yayin da barkewar cutar a shekarar 2012 ta tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 13.