Abarkuh

Abarkuh
	;
Wuri
	31°07′44″N 53°16′56″E / 31.1289°N 53.2822°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Iran
Province of Iran (en)	Yazd Province (en)
County of Iran (en)	Abarkuh County (en)
District of Iran (en)	Central District (en)
Babban birnin	Abarkuh County (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	27,524 (2016)
Labarin ƙasa
Altitude (en)	1,508 m
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+03:30 (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	0352

Abarkuh (Persian) birni ne da ke gundumar tsakiya ta gundumar Abarkuh, lardin Yazd, Iran, wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban birnin gundumar da kuma gundumar.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Magana

Wani al'ada ne sunan Abarquh, wanda Hamdallah Mustawfi ya danganta a cikin shekarar 1340, ya fito ne daga bar kūh, ma'ana "a kan dutse". Mustawfi ya ce asalin shafinsa yana kan tudu, amma tun daga wannan lokacin an tura shi zuwa fili.^[2]

Tarihi

A ƙarni na 10 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa, A,S Abarquh shine wurin da hanyoyin da suka fito daga Shiraz, Isfahan, da Yazd suka haɗu. A wannan lokacin, marubucin Ibn Hawqal ya lura cewa Abarquh ita ce babban birnin nahiyah na Rudan, wanda a da yake ɓangare ne na lardin Kerman amma a lokacin da yake rubutawa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Fars a ƙarƙashin gundumar Estakhr. Bayanan Ibn Hawqal da al-Maqdisi na zamani sun bayyana Abarquh a matsayin gari mai wadata da yawan jama'a, wanda aka gina shi da katanga. Tsarin tituna masu kunkuntar sun samar da ƙaramin hanyar sadarwa ta bazata, kuma gidaje, kamar na Yazd, an gina su da tubalin busasshen rana a cikin siffa mai girman gaske. Abarquh na ƙarni na 10 yana da babban masallacin Juma'a, wanda ya kasance magabacin na yanzu, wanda ya samo asali ne daga zamanin bayan Mongol. Ganin cewa yankin da ke kewaye ba shi da bishiyoyi da bushewa, don haka ba zai iya tallafawa noma mai yawa ba, Abarquh ya shigo da abinci mai yawa daga wasu wurare. Ya fitar da auduga. Wani abin lura da Ibn Hawqal ya ambata shi ne "tudun toka mai tsayi" (mai yiwuwa ragowar dutsen mai aman wuta) wanda aka ce shine ragowar wutar da Namrud ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙona Ibrahim har ya mutu.^[2]

A cikin ƙarni na 11 mai zuwa, Abarquh ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Kakuyid, waɗanda da farko sun kasance dangi da magoya bayan Daular Buyid amma daga baya suka zama abokan hamayya masu zaman kansu. Kafin 435 AH (1043-44 AZ), mai mulkin Buyid Abu Kalijar ya kama Abarquh daga Kakuyid Abu Mansur Faramarz . A shekara ta 1051, duk da haka, Abarquh ya koma hannun Abu Mansur Faramarz: a wannan shekarar, mai mulkin Seljuk Tughril Bey ya ci babban birnin Faramarz na Isfahan, kuma a matsayin diyya ya ba shi biranen Abarquh da Yazd. A wannan lokacin, wani sanannen iyali a Abarquh shine Firuzanids, asalinsa daga Eshkavar a Tabaristan. Tsarin da ya fi tsufa a Abarquh a yau, Gonbad-e Ali, an gina shi a cikin 448 AH (1056/57 AZ) don memba na wannan iyali mai suna Amid al-Din Shams al-Dawla Abu Ali Hazarasp Firuzani . Wani abin tunawa na farko shine kabarin zamanin Seljuk na Pir Hamza Sabzpush . ^[2]

Abarquh ta bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin Seljuks, da kuma ƙarƙashin magajinsu, Ilkhanids. Yawancin gine-ginen zamanin da suka rage a Abarquh a yau sun fito ne daga zamanin Ilkhanid, ciki har da masallacin Juma'a tare da ayvans huɗu. Abarquh ta yi aiki a matsayin garin mint a ƙarƙashin Ilkhanids sannan daga baya; tsabar kuɗi da aka haƙa a nan a ƙarƙashinsu, Injuids, Mozaffarids, Timurids, da Aq Qoyunlu duk sun tsira. A rubuce-rubuce a shekarar 1340, Hamdallah Mustawfi ya bayyana Abarquh a matsayin ƙarama amma mai wadata, tare da hatsi da auduga da aka noma a nan a gonaki da qanats da hanyoyin ruwa ke ban ruwa. Ya lissafa kuɗaɗen shiga na Abarquh da yankunan karkara da ke kewaye da shi a matsayin dinari 140,000. Mustawfi ya kuma ambaci kabarin da ba shi da rufi na sanannen masanin Tavus al-Haramayn ("kwakin wuraren ibada guda biyu", watau Makka da Madina), wanda mai yiwuwa ya rayu a lokacin Daular Mongol. Wani mausoleum da aka danganta shi har yanzu yana nan a Abarquh, amma a zahiri kabarin wani Hasan b. Kay Khosrow (d. 718 AH/1318 AZ) da matarsa ne.^[2]

Safavid Abarquh wani bangare ne na ƙasashen kambi, ko maḥāll-e 意ṣṣa, kuma, tare da Yazd, Biabanak, da sauran garuruwa a yankin, sun kafa gwamna wanda aka ba manyan jami'an kotu. A farkon karni na 17, Taḏkerat al-molūk ya bayyana alƙalin addini na gida (ḥākem-e šaṛʿ) kamar yadda jagoran ruhaniya ya nada shi a kotun sarauta (ṣadr-e Sãoṣṣa), kuma gundumar Abarquh, wanda aka kimanta a 711 tomans da 5,300 dinars, an ba shi ga kwamandan masu tsaron musketeers (tofanġčī āḡāsī). ^[2]

Abarquh ta lalace ta hanyar mamayewar Daular Hotak ta Afghanistan a farkon shekarun 1700. Daga baya, a cikin 1208 AH (1793/94 AZ) Lotf Ali Khan Zand ya kama garkuwar Abarquh kuma ya riƙe shi na ɗan lokaci a lokacin yakin da Daular Qajar mai tasowa. A lokacin marigayi zamanin Qajar, Abarquh ya sami suna saboda rashin bin doka da tashin hankali.^[2]

Yawan jama'a

A lokacin Ƙididdigar Kasa ta 2006, yawan mutanen garin ya kai 20,994 a cikin gidaje 5,880. Ƙididdigar da ta biyo baya a cikin 2011 ta ƙidaya mutane 23,986 a cikin gidaje 7,039. Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2016 ta auna yawan mutanen garin a matsayin mutane 27,524 a cikin gidaje 8,489.

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Abarkuh yana da tsawo na mita 1510 (mita 4954). Wani tsohon itace mai rai, Sarv-e Abarkuh, yana nan.

Birnin yana da gidaje 4 na kankara waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga zamanin Qajar. Gidajen kankara na Adobe (yakhchāl) tsoffin gine-gine ne da ake amfani da su don adana kankara da abinci a ko'ina cikin shekara, wanda aka saba amfani dashi kafin kirkirar firiji a baya.^[3]