Abdullah Haron
 Abdullah Haron | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Cape Town, 8 ga Faburairu, 1924 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | Cape Town, 27 Satumba 1969 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Liman da anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
Abdullah Haron (8 Fabrairu 1924 - 27 Satumba 1969), wanda kuma aka sani da Imam Haron, malamin addinin Musulunci ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata. An fi saninsa da fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata da kuma mutuwarsa daga ɓangaren Tsaro na ‘yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1969. An ba wa Haron Odar Luthuli a Zinare bayan mutuwarsa a cikin shekarar 2014 saboda "gaskiya na musamman don wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin adalcin siyasa".[1]
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Haron ɗan ƙarami daga dangin yara biyar. Goggo ce ta rene shi a ɓangaren mahaifinsa bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa tun yana jariri. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris 1950 ya auri Galiema Sadan kuma ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya uku. [2]
Bayan kammala karatun digiri na 6 a makarantar firamare ta Talfalah sai ya tafi Makka don ci gaba da karatun addinin Musulunci, inda Sheikh Alawi al-Maliki ya koyar da shi. Ya koma Cape Town bayan shekaru biyu ya ci gaba da karatu tare da Sheikh Abdullah Taha Gamieldien da Shaykh Ismail Ganief. Tunanin kungiyar Malamai ta Afirka ta Kudu da kungiyar Haɗin kan Ƙasashen Turai ta hanyar ’yan uwa da ke cikin kungiyoyin suka rinjaye shi. [2]
Gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An naɗa shi limamin masallacin Al-Jamia a Claremont, Cape Town a shekara ta 1955 inda ya kafa ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa da gudanar da ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata. A cikin shekarar 1958 ya kafa Ƙungiyar Matasa Musulmi ta Claremont [3] kuma ya ci gaba da kafa jaridar Muslim News (1960-1986). A cikin shekarar 1960s Haron ya haɗu da memba na Pan African Congress (PAC) kuma mai fafutuka Barney Desai wanda ta inda ya fara tuntuɓar PAC. A cikin shekarar 1965 Dokar Yankunan Rukuni ta shafe shi kuma an tilasta masa ƙaura daga gidan danginsa da ke kan titin Jefferson, Lansdowne zuwa Repulse Road a cikin yanki mai launi na Athlone. Haron ya gabatar da jawabai da wa'azi da dama na adawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata da kuma dokokin wariyar launin fata da suka haɗa da fitaccen jawabi a ɗakin taro na Drill Hall na Cape Town a ranar 7 ga watan Mayun 1961 inda ya bayyana dokar yankin a matsayin "marasa mutunci, dabbanci da rashin bin Musulunci". [2]
A shekarar 1968 ya tafi Makka inda ya gana da Sarki Faisal na Saudiyya da Ministan Ilimi na Saudiyya Hasan `Abdullah `Ali Shaykh don tattauna batutuwan ilimi. Daga nan sai ya wuce birnin Alkahira inda ya gana da mambobin ƙungiyar ta PAC inda ya yi jawabi a wajen taron wakilan musulmi wanda kuma ya samu halartar PAC da African National Congress. Daga nan sai ya wuce birnin Landan ta ƙasar Holland, inda ya gana da Daraktan Asusun Canjin Jami’ar Duniya, Lars Gunner Erickson. Yayin da yake ƙasar waje an sanar da shi cewa ya zama wani hari da Ofishin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu ke yi kuma an shawarce shi da ya yi hijira. Ya koma Cape Town ne saboda damuwar rashin lafiyar mahaifinsa, bayan da aka ki amincewa da buƙatarsa na yin hijira zuwa Kanada. [2]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kama Haron jim kaɗan bayan komawar sa Cape Town a lokacin da aka gayyace shi ofishin Reshen Tsaro a ofishin 'yan sanda na Caledon Square (wanda yanzu ofishin 'yan sanda na Cape Town Central) a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu 1969. Wani memba na ‘yan sanda na musamman mai suna Spyker van Wyk ne ya tsare shi kuma ya tsare shi na tsawon kwanaki 123, tare da yi masa tambayoyi a kullum game da sa hannun sa a gwagwarmayar. A cikin wannan lokaci ' yar majalisa Catherine Taylor ta gabatar da buƙatar neman bayanai a hukumance kan dalilin tsare Haron. Ministan ‘yan sandan ya bayyana cewa bayar da irin waɗannan bayanai “ba shi da amfani ga jama’a”. [2]
A safiyar ranar 27 ga watan Satumba 1969 ya rasu. Binciken da gwamnati ta gudanar, ya nuna cewa ya samu karyewar hakarkari guda biyu da raunuka 27, a cikin mutuwarsa ta yanke hukuncin cewa ya mutu ne sakamakon faɗowa daga matakala. Iyalin Haron da lauyansa sun yi gardamar cewa "ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya da ya samu sakamakon rauni". [4] [3] [5]
A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, mutane 40,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar sa, tare da ɗaukar akwatin gawar nasa kimanin 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) zuwa wurin hutunsa na ƙarshe a makabartar Musulmi a Mowbray. A daren da aka yi jana'izar sa, girgizar kasa mafi muni a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu ta afku, inda cibiyarta ta afku a Tulbagh da ke yammacin Cape.
Sakamakon, martaba da muhimmancinsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haron shi ne malamin addini na farko da ya mutu a tsare a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata. A ranar 6 ga watan Oktoban 1969, Haron ya kasance musulmi na farko da aka yi bikin tunawa da shi a cocin St Paul's Cathedral da ke Landan. Abokinsa, Canon John Collins, ya yi magana game da shi a matsayin shahidi.
An ba waHaron Odar Luthuli a Zinare bayan mutuwarsa a cikin shekarar 2014 saboda "gaskiya na musamman don wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin adalcin siyasa".
Bayan matar sa, Galiema, mai shekaru 93, ta rasu a ranar cika shekaru 50 da jana'izar mijinta a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, 2019, dangin limamin sun buƙaci a sake gudanar da bincike kan musabbabin mutuwarsa.
Mawaƙin gani na gani Haroon Gunn-Salie ya ƙirƙira ayyuka da yawa a matsayin abin tunawa ga Haron, gami da shigarwa na 2019 "Kukan don Adalci" a cikin filaye na Castle of Good Hope, alamar kaburbura 118 marasa alama, ɗaya ga kowane mutumin da ya mutu a tsare a cikin shekarun wariyar launin fata.
Alkalin babbar kotun Western Cape Daniel Thulare a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba 2023 ya yanke hukuncin a sake buɗe binciken da aka yi kan mutuwar Haron. [6] [7] Alkali Thulare ya ce, "Reshen Tsaro na 'yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu ne ke da alhakin ayyukan da suka yi da suka kai ga mutuwar Imam Abdullah Haron." [8]
Documentary game da ƙarshen shekarun Haron, Imam da ni, jikansa, Khalid Shamis ne ya kirkiro shi a shekarar 2011. [9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "National Orders Booklet 2014", Presidency of South Africa (in Turanci), 27 April 2014, archived from the original on 8 June 2021, retrieved 27 September 2021
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Abdullah Imam Haron". South African History Online (in Turanci). Updated 30 September 2019. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2019.CS1 maint: others (link)
- 1 2 "The unwavering legacy of Imam Abdullah Haron | Cape Argus" (in Turanci). Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ Davis, Rebecca (22 March 2013). "A man of principle: The life and death of Imam Haron". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ Malgas, Natalie. "Imam Abdullah Haron remembered in an intimate ceremony" (in Turanci). Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ Ndenze, Babalo. "Lamola welcomes new inquest findings on Imam Haron's death". ewn.co.za (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-12.
- ↑ Evans, Jenni. "Inquest judge names 13 people for key role in anti-apartheid hero Imam Haron's torture and death". News24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-12.
- ↑ Cruywagen, Vincent (2023-10-09). "Imam Abdullah Haron's family finally hears truth about his death in detention". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ↑ Cape, Voice of the (2016-07-12). "Searching for the Imam: the legacy of Imam Abdullah Haroon revisited". Voice of the Cape (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
Kara karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Adriaanse, Dominic (29 September 2019). "Galiema Haron, wife of apartheid martyr Imam Haron, dies". IOL.
- "List of deaths in detention". South African History Online.