Abigail Adams
Abigail Adams (Née Smith; Nuwamba 22, [Or. 28 ga Oktoba 28, 1818) ita ce matar John, 1818) ita ce matar John, kuma mahaifiyar Yahaya. Ta rantsar da Adams, shugaban na shida na Amurka. Ta kasance yar Amurka, kuma ita ce mata ta farko, kodayake ba a yi amfani da irin wannan taken a lokacin ba. Ita da Barbara Bush ce kadai mata biyu a cikin tarihin Amurkawa da suka auri shugaban kasa na Amurka.[1]
Rayuwar Adams tana daya daga cikin mafi yawan rubuce-rubucen matan shugaban kasa; da yawa daga cikin wasiƙun da ta rubuta wa mijinta John Adams a lokacin da yake Philadelphia a matsayin wakili a Majalisar Nahiyar Afirka kafin da kuma lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka sun rubuta kusanci da daidaiton dangantakarsu. John Adams yakan nemi shawarar Abigail a kan batutuwa da yawa, kuma wasiƙunsu suna cike da tattaunawa ta hankali kan gwamnati da siyasa. Har ila yau, wasiƙun nata suna zama bayanan shaidun gani da ido na gidan gaba na Yaƙin Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka.
Rayuwar farko da iyali (1744-1759)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Abigail Adams a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1744, a Cocin Ikklisiya ta Arewa a Weymouth, Massachusetts, ga William Smith da Elizabeth (née Quincy) Smith.[2] A bangaren mahaifiyarta, ta fito ne daga dangin Quincy, sanannen dangin siyasa a yankin Massachusetts. Ta wurin mahaifiyarta ta kasance kanwa ga Dorothy Quincy, wanda ya auri John Hancock. Adams kuma ita ce babbar jikan John Norton, wadda ta kafa Fasto na Old Ship Church a Hingham, Massachusetts, gidan taron Puritan na karni na 17 da ya rage a Massachusetts. Smith ta auri Elizabeth Quincy a cikin 1740, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da ɗa; Abigail ita ce ɗa ta biyu.[3] Kamar yadda yake tare da kakanni da yawa, mahaifin Adams minista ne mai sassaucin ra'ayi: shugaba a cikin al'ummar Yankee da ke daraja limamanta. Smith bai mai da hankali ga wa'azinsa ga kaddara ko zunubi na asali ba; maimakon haka sai ya jaddada muhimmancin hankali da kyawawan halaye.[4] A watan Yulin 1775 matarsa Elizabeth, wadda suka yi aure shekaru 35 da ita, ta mutu daga cutar sankarau. A 1784, tana da shekaru 77, Smith ta mutu.
Aure da yara (1759-1783)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abigail Smith ta fara saduwa da John Adams lokacin tana ɗan shekara 15 a shekara ta 1759. A halin yanzu, John ta raka abokinta Richard Cranch zuwa gidan Smith. Cranch ta haɗu da 'yar'uwar Abigail, Mary Smith, kuma za su kasance iyayen alkalin tarayya William Cranch. Adams ya ba da rahoton gano 'yan'uwan Smith ba "mai so, kuma ba gaskiya ba, ko gaskiya."[5]
Ko da yake mahaifin Abigail ya amince da wasan, mahaifiyarta ta yi mamakin yadda yarta za ta auri lauyan ƙasar wanda har yanzu yanayin gonar ya kasance. Daga ƙarshe, ta ba da gudummawa, kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1764, a gidan Smiths a Weymouth. William Smith, mahaifin Abigail, shi ne ya jagoranci auren.[6] Bayan liyafar, ma'auratan sun hau doki guda kuma suka hau zuwa sabon gidansu, gidan gishiri da gonar John ya gada daga mahaifinsa a Braintree, Massachusetts (wani wuri wanda yanzu yana cikin Quincy). Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko wata tara da aurensu.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Barbara Bush, matriarch of Bush dynasty, dies at 92". David Cohen. Politico. April 17, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- ↑ Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2000). Encyclopedia of women's history in America. Infobase Publishing. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-8160-4100-8.
- ↑ "American Experience | The Adams Family: A Timeline". PBS. Retrieved May 14, 2024
- ↑ "Abigail Adams". April 21, 2001. Archived from the original on April 21, 2001
- ↑ McCullough 2001, pp. 51–52
- ↑ Abigail Adams Biography – Adams National Historical Park". www.nps.gov. U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved November 16, 2016
- ↑ Abigail Adams Biography". Firstladies.org. National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2016