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Abinci na DASH

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Abinci na DASH
dietary style (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Abinci (abinci) da medical nutrition therapy (en) Fassara
Amfani management of hypertension (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Medical condition treated (en) Fassara Hawan jini

Tsarin Abinci Don Dakatar da Hawan Jini ( DASH ) abinci ne da ake amfani da shi don magance hawan jini wanda Cibiyar Zuciya, Huhu, da Jini ta Ƙasa da ke Amurka ke gabatarwa, wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NIH), wata hukuma ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka . Abincin DASH yana da wadataccen 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, hatsi cikakke, da abincin kiwo mai ƙarancin mai. Ya haɗa da nama, kifi, kaji, goro, da wake, kuma yana da iyaka a cikin abinci da abubuwan sha masu sukari, jan nama, da ƙarin mai. Baya ga tasirinsa akan hawan jini, an tsara shi don ya zama hanyar da ta dace don cin abinci ga jama'a. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) ta ba da shawarar DASH a matsayin tsarin cin abinci mai lafiya. [1] Abincin DASH yana ɗaya daga cikin abinci uku masu lafiya da aka ba da shawarar a cikin Ka'idojin Abinci na Amurka na 2015-20, wanda ya haɗa da abincin Bahar Rum da abincin masu cin ganyayyaki . [2] [3] Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka (AHA) tana ɗaukar abincin DASH a matsayin "takamaiman kuma an rubuta shi sosai a cikin shekaru, jinsi da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙabilu." [3]

Abincin DASH ya dogara ne akan nazarin NIH wanda ya binciki tsare-tsaren abinci guda uku da sakamakonsu. Babu ɗayan shirye-shiryen da aka yi amfani da su wajen cin ganyayyaki, amma shirin DASH ya haɗa da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu, madara mai ƙarancin kitse ko mara kitse, wake, da goro fiye da sauran da aka yi nazari a kansu. Abincin DASH ya rage hawan jini na systolic da 6 mm Hg da hawan jini na diastolic da 3 mm Hg a cikin marasa lafiya da hawan jini mai yawa (wanda a da ake kira " pre-hypertension "). Waɗanda ke da hawan jini sun ragu da 11 da 6 mm Hg, bi da bi. Waɗannan canje-canje a hawan jini sun faru ba tare da wani canji a nauyin jiki ba. An daidaita tsarin abincin DASH bisa ga yawan kalori da ake ci a kowace rana daga 1,600 zuwa 3,100 kalori na abinci. [4] Kodayake wannan abincin yana da alaƙa da rage hawan jini da inganta gout, [5] [6] akwai rashin tabbas game da ko shawarar da aka bayar na kayayyakin kiwo masu ƙarancin kitse yana da amfani ko illa. [5] Haka kuma ana ba da shawarar abincin ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari ko masu kiba . [3] [7]

An ƙara gwada kuma an haɓaka abincin DASH a cikin Gwajin Amfani da Abinci na Macronutrient Mafi Kyau don Lafiyar Zuciya ( abincin OmniHeart ). [8] "Gwaje-gwajen DASH da DASH-sodium sun nuna cewa abinci mai wadataccen carbohydrate wanda ke jaddada 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da samfuran kiwo masu ƙarancin mai kuma wanda aka rage a cikin kitse mai cikakken kitse, jimillar kitse, da cholesterol ya rage hawan jini sosai da ƙarancin cholesterol na lipoprotein. OmniHeart ya nuna cewa maye gurbin carbohydrate na ɗan lokaci da furotin (kimanin rabi daga tushen tsirrai) ko kuma da kitse mara cikakken kitse (galibi mai yawan kitse) na iya ƙara rage hawan jini, ƙarancin cholesterol na lipoprotein, da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya." [9]

A watan Janairun 2018, an nada DASH a matsayin lamba ta daya a jerin "Mafi kyawun Abinci Gabaɗaya" a shekara ta takwas a jere, [10] da kuma "Don Cin Abinci Mai Kyau", da kuma "Mafi kyawun Abinci Mai Lafiyar Zuciya"; kuma ta yi daidai da lamba ta biyu a jerin "Don Ciwon Suga" (daga cikin abinci 40 da aka gwada) a cikin jadawalin "Mafi kyawun Abinci" na shekara-shekara na Rahoton Labaran Duniya ' Amurka.

Abincin DASH yayi kama da abincin Bahar Rum da kuma abincin AHA, [3] kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da aka ba da shawarar abincin MIND .

Bayani

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Abincin DASH ya dogara ne akan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, kiwo marasa kitse ko kitse, hatsi cikakke, kifi, kaji, wake, da goro. Yana ba da shawarar rage yawan shan sodium, alewa (a cikin abubuwan sha da abinci), da jan nama. Yana iyakance kitse mai cike da kitse da kitsen trans, yayin da yake ƙara yawan shan potassium, magnesium, furotin, zare, da abubuwan gina jiki da ake tsammanin suna taimakawa wajen daidaita hawan jini. [3] [6]

Cibiyar Zuciya, Huhu, da Jini ta Ƙasa tana ba da samfuran tsare-tsare tare da takamaiman adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata dangane da adadin kuzari 1600, 2000 ko 2600 a kowace rana. Ga samfurin tsarin adadin kuzari 2000 a kowace rana: [3] [6]

  • Raka'a 6–8 na hatsi ko kayayyakin hatsi (wanda aka fi so cikakken hatsi)
  • 'Ya'yan itatuwa guda 4–5
  • Kayan lambu guda 4–5
  • Raka'o'i 2-3 na abincin kiwo mai ƙarancin mai
  • Raka'a 2-3 na mai da mai
  • Nama, kaji ko kifi sau 2 ko ƙasa da haka

Tare da waɗannan ƙuntatawa na mako-mako:

  • Raka'o'i 4–5 na goro, iri ko busassun wake
  • alewa, kayan zaki, abinci tare da ƙarin sukari da aka iyakance zuwa matsakaicin hidima 5

Bin wannan abincin yana buƙatar ɗan shiri da girki. Don sauƙaƙe wannan, duka NHLBI da NIH suna riƙe da jerin girke-girke masu lafiya. [6] [11] [12]

Akwai wasu bayanai masu karo da juna game da buƙatar abinci mai ƙarancin kitse a cikin madara, inda wasu nazarin suka nuna tasirin amfani yayin da wasu kuma ke da illa. [5]

Ana iya maye gurbin abubuwa da wasu madadin waɗanda ke da rashin lafiyan ko rashin haƙuri ga lactose, kamar samfuran da ba su da lactose maimakon madara, da iri maimakon goro. [6] Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa maye gurbin furotin na dabbobi da furotin na tsire-tsire, kamar goro da iri, yana rage haɗarin mace-mace. [5]

Wasu mutane da farko suna iya fuskantar iskar gas da kumburi saboda yawan sinadarin fiber da ke cikin abincin shuka kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu da hatsi gaba ɗaya. Wannan za a iya rage shi kaɗan ta hanyar iyakance yawan shan abinci mai yawan fiber zuwa sau 1 ko 2 a mako da farko kuma a hankali yana ƙaruwa. [6] Wannan kuma za a iya rage shi ta hanyar maye gurbin tushen fiber mai yawan furotin, kamar wake, tare da tushen fiber mai yawan carbohydrate, kamar hatsi gaba ɗaya. [13]

Bugu da ƙari, rage shan sinadarin sodium yana da alaƙa da rage hawan jini, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da hawan jini da kuma waɗanda ba sa fama da shi. [3] [14]

Tasirin lafiya

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Cututtukan zuciya da hawan jini

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Sauye-sauyen farko da jagororin suka bayar da shawarar ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini galibi sune canje-canjen salon rayuwa, kamar abinci da motsa jiki, sannan sai a yi amfani da maganin gargajiya . Abincin da ya ƙunshi yawan sodium (>2g a kowace rana), abubuwan sha masu sukari, jan nama (>14g/rana) da kuma cin jan nama da aka sarrafa an danganta shi da mutuwar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. [15] Abincin DASH tare da irin waɗannan abinci kamar abincin Bahar Rum waɗanda ke da wadataccen kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace da ƙarancin kitse mai yawa da kuma kitsen trans ana ƙarfafa su ta hanyar jagororin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka da Kwalejin Zuciya ta Amurka, [15] Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Kanada, [16] da Jagororin Turai na 2016. [17]

Hawan jini abu ne da ke haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kuma an yi amfani da hawan jini a matsayin alamar da za a iya amfani da ita wajen rage fa'idodin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. [16] Ana ganin abincin DASH a cikin jagororin da yawa game da hawan jini ; wanda galibi ana bayyana shi a matsayin samun hawan jini sama da 140/90 mmHg [18] tare da wasu jagororin da ke bayyana shi a matsayin samun hawan jini sama da 130/90 mmHg. [16]

A cikin wani bita na tsari, abincin DASH ya rage hawan jini da matsakaicin 5.2/2.6 mmHg, duk da haka tasirin rage hawan jini na iya bambanta kuma yawanci zai yi tasiri mafi girma ga mutanen da ke da hawan jini mafi girma (musamman waɗanda ke da hawan jini) ko BMI. [19] Bitar ta gano cewa abincin DASH yana rage yawan sinadarin cholesterol da 0.20 mmol/L. Ta amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don rage matakan cholesterol da BP, bita ya kammala da cewa an gano cewa abincin DASH yana rage ƙimar haɗarin Framingham na shekaru 10 ga cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da kusan kashi 13%. [19]

Tarihi da zane

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Bayani

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A halin yanzu, ana kyautata zaton hauhawar jini yana shafar kusan mutane 50 mutane miliyan 1 a Amurka kuma kusan mutane miliyan 1 biliyan a duk duniya. [20] [21] A cewar Cibiyar Zuciya, Huhu da Jini ta Kasa (NHLBI), tana ambaton bayanai daga 2002, [20] [21] "Dangantaka tsakanin BP da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (CVD) yana ci gaba, daidaitacce, kuma ba ya dogara da wasu abubuwan haɗari. Mafi girman BP, mafi girman damar bugun zuciya, gazawar zuciya, bugun jini, da cututtukan koda. Ga mutane 'yan shekaru 40-70, kowace ƙaruwa ta 20 mm Hg a cikin BP na systolic (SBP) ko 10 mm Hg a cikin BP na diastolic (DBP) yana ninka haɗarin CVD a duk faɗin kewayon BP daga 115/75 zuwa 185/115 mm Hg.". [21]

Yaɗuwar hauhawar jini ya sa Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa na Amurka (NIH) suka ba da shawarar samar da kuɗi don ci gaba da bincike kan rawar da tsarin abinci ke takawa kan hawan jini. A shekarar 1992, NHLBI ta yi aiki tare da cibiyoyin bincike na likitanci guda biyar mafi daraja a birane daban-daban a faɗin Amurka don gudanar da bincike mafi girma da cikakken bayani har zuwa yanzu. Binciken DASH ya yi amfani da tsari mai tsauri da ake kira gwajin da aka sarrafa bazuwar (RCT), kuma ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyin likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, masana abinci mai gina jiki, masana kididdiga, da masu gudanar da bincike waɗanda ke aiki a cikin wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa inda aka zaɓi mahalarta kuma aka yi nazari a cikin kowanne daga cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin bincike guda biyar. Cibiyoyin da aka zaɓa da wuraren da aka keɓe don wannan binciken mai cibiyoyi da yawa sune: (1) Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, Maryland, (2) Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Duke da ke Durham, North Carolina, (3) Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Kaiser Permanente da ke Portland, Oregon, (4) Asibitin Brigham da Mata da ke Boston, Massachusetts, da (5) Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Pennington da ke Baton Rouge, Louisiana. [4]

An tsara kuma an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje guda biyu na DASH a matsayin nazarin abinci mai gina jiki da yawa, bazuwar, da kuma na waje, da nufin gwada tasirin tsarin abinci akan hawan jini. Tsarin tsarin abinci mai gina jiki da yawa, wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin manyan nazarce-nazarce da yawa na cibiyoyi da yawa waɗanda NHLBI ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Wani fasali na musamman na abincin DASH shine cewa an zaɓi abincin da menu bisa ga abincin da aka saba ci don haka jama'a za su iya amincewa da shi cikin sauƙi idan sakamakon ya kasance tabbatacce. [22] An fara binciken DASH na farko a watan Agusta 1993 kuma ya ƙare a watan Yuli 1997. Binciken cututtuka na zamani ya kammala da cewa tsarin abinci mai yawan shan wasu ma'adanai da zare yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin hawan jini. Tsarin abinci mai gina jiki na shirye-shiryen abinci na DASH ya dogara ne akan wannan binciken. [22]

Abinci mai gina jiki

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Sandwich da aka yi da burodi mai hatsi da nama ko cuku mai ƙarancin sodium, wanda aka haɗa shi da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da madara mara kitse zai iya cimma burin abincin DASH.

An zaɓi abinci guda biyu na gwaji don binciken DASH kuma an kwatanta su da juna, kuma na uku: abincin sarrafawa. Abincin sarrafawa ya kasance ƙasa da potassium, calcium, magnesium da fiber kuma yana da bayanin mai da furotin don haka tsarin ya yi daidai da "abincin Amurka na yau da kullun a lokacin". [4] Abincin gwaji na farko ya fi yawa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu amma in ba haka ba yayi kama da abincin sarrafawa (abincin "'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu" ), ban da ƙarancin abun ciye-ciye da alewa. Matakan magnesium da potassium sun kusa da kashi 75 cikin ɗari na yawan amfani da Amurka a cikin abincin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi bayanin fiber mai yawa. Abincin gwaji na biyu ya fi yawa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da samfuran kiwo marasa kitse, haka kuma ya fi ƙasa a cikin kitse da kitse mai cikakken kitse, tare da fiber mai yawa da furotin mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da abincin sarrafawa - an kira wannan abincin "abincin DASH". [20] Abincin DASH (ko abincin haɗin gwiwa) ya kasance mai wadataccen potassium, magnesium da calcium - bayanin sinadirai kusan daidai da kashi 75 cikin ɗari na yawan amfani da Amurka. Abincin da aka haɗa ko kuma "DASH" ya kasance mai yawan hatsi, kaji, kifi, da goro yayin da yake da ƙarancin adadin jan nama, alewa, da abubuwan sha masu ɗauke da sukari. [23]

An tsara abincin DASH ne don samar da adadi mai yawa na muhimman abubuwan gina jiki da ake tsammanin za su taka rawa wajen rage hawan jini, bisa ga binciken da aka yi a baya kan cututtuka. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka kebanta na binciken DASH shine cewa ana gwada tsarin abinci maimakon abinci guda ɗaya. [22] Abincin DASH kuma yana da adadi mai yawa na abinci mai wadataccen antioxidant wanda wasu ke tunanin yana rage ko hana matsalolin lafiya na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji, cututtukan zuciya, da bugun jini. [4]

Masu bincike sun kuma gano cewa abincin DASH ya fi tasiri fiye da abincin da ba shi da sinadarin oxalate wajen rigakafi da magance duwatsun koda, musamman duwatsun koda na calcium oxalate (wanda aka fi sani da calcium oxalate). [24]

Tsarin karatu

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Mahalarta sun ci ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan abinci guda uku da aka ambata a sama a matakai daban-daban guda uku na gwajin, waɗanda suka haɗa da (1) Dubawa, (2), Shigar da Jiki da (3) Shiga Jiki. A matakin tantancewa, an tantance mahalarta don cancanta bisa ga sakamakon da aka samu na gwajin hawan jini. A cikin matakin gwaji na makonni 3, an bai wa kowane mutum abincin da aka sarrafa na tsawon makonni 3, an ɗauki ma'aunin hawan jininsu a kowace kwana biyar daban-daban, an ba da samfurin fitsari na awanni 24 sannan aka kammala tambayoyi kan alamun. A wannan lokacin, waɗanda suka bi tsarin ciyarwa a lokacin gwajin an ba su kowanne bazuwar abinci ɗaya daga cikin abinci uku da aka bayyana a sama, don farawa a farkon mako na 4. Matakin shiga tsakani ya biyo baya; wannan lokaci ne na makonni 8 inda aka ba wa mutanen abincin da aka ba su bazuwar abinci. An sake tattara matsi na jini da samfuran fitsari a wannan lokacin tare da tambayoyin tunawa da alamun cutar da motsa jiki. Rukunin farko na waɗanda aka yi nazari a kansu sun fara matakin gwaji na farko a watan Satumba na 1994, yayin da rukuni na biyar kuma na ƙarshe ya fara a watan Janairu na 1996. Kowace daga cikin abinci uku ta ƙunshi nau'ikan abinci guda uku iri ɗaya. gram (3,000) mg) na sodium, an zaɓa domin wannan shine matsakaicin yawan abincin da ake ci a ƙasar a lokacin. An kuma ba wa mahalarta fakiti biyu na gishiri, kowannensu yana ɗauke da 200. mg na sodium, don amfani na ɗan lokaci. An iyakance barasa ga abin sha biyu a rana, kuma shan maganin kafeyin bai wuce abin sha uku masu maganin kafeyin ba. [23]

Sakamakon bincike

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Gwajin DASH ya nuna cewa tsarin abinci na iya kuma yana shafar hawan jini a cikin babban hawan jini na yau da kullun ga manya masu matsakaicin hauhawar jini (systolic < 180) mm Hg da diastolic na 80 zuwa 95 mm Hg). A bisa ga haka, abincin DASH ko "haɗi" ya rage hawan jini da matsakaicin 5.5 da 3.0 mm Hg ga systolic da diastolic, idan aka kwatanta da abincin da aka sarrafa. Ƙananan ɓangaren samfurin binciken da kuma ɓangaren hawan jini duk sun nuna mafi girman raguwar hawan jini daga abincin da aka haɗa idan aka kwatanta da abincin da aka sarrafa. Masu fama da hawan jini sun sami raguwar 11.4 mm Hg a cikin systolic ɗinsu da 5.5 mm Hg a cikin matakan diastolic ɗinsu. [25] Abincin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu shi ma ya yi nasara, kodayake ya samar da raguwa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abincin da aka sarrafa (2.8 systolic na mm Hg da 1.1 mm Hg diastolic). [23] A cikin mutanen da ke da hawan jini da waɗanda ba su da shi, abincin haɗin gwiwa ya rage hawan jini yadda ya kamata fiye da abincin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu ko abincin sarrafawa. Bayanan sun nuna cewa raguwar hawan jini ya faru ne cikin makonni biyu bayan mutanen da suka fara abincin da aka tsara musu, [23] kuma sakamakon ya kasance cikakke ga samfurin da aka yi niyya ga al'ummar Amurka. [25] Sakamakon ba shi da yawa, amma binciken NEJM ya ba da rahoton cewa wasu mutane sun ba da rahoton maƙarƙashiya a matsayin matsala. A ƙarshen matakin shiga tsakani, kashi 10.1, 5.4 & 4.0 na mutanen da suka ba da rahoton wannan matsalar ga abincin sarrafawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da abinci mai haɗuwa, bi da bi, yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da abinci mai haɗuwa suna rage maƙarƙashiya. Baya ga mutum ɗaya kawai (a kan abincin sarrafawa) wanda ke fama da cholecystitis, sauran alamun gastrointestinal suna da ƙarancin yawan faruwa.

Nazarin DASH-Sodium

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Zane

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An gudanar da binciken DASH-Sodium ne bayan ƙarshen binciken DASH na asali don tantance ko abincin DASH zai iya samar da sakamako mafi kyau idan ba shi da gishiri sosai, da kuma bincika tasirin matakan sodium daban-daban a cikin mutanen da ke cin abincin DASH. [4] Masu binciken suna da sha'awar tantance tasirin rage sodium idan aka haɗa shi da abincin DASH da kuma tasirin abincin DASH lokacin da ake ɗaukar matakan sodium uku. An gudanar da gwajin DASH-Sodium daga Satumba 1997 zuwa Nuwamba 1999. Kamar binciken da ya gabata, an yi shi ne bisa babban samfuri (masu halarta 412) kuma bincike ne na ciyar da marasa lafiya da yawa, bazuwar, inda aka ba wa mutanen duk abincinsu. [26] Mahalarta sun kasance manya da ke fama da hawan jini kafin hawan jini ko hawan jini na mataki na 1 (matsakaicin systolic na 120 zuwa 159) mm Hg & matsakaicin diastolic na 80 zuwa 95 mm Hg) kuma an rarraba su bazuwar zuwa ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin abinci guda biyu. [23] Rukunin abinci guda biyu da aka ware bazuwar su ne abincin DASH da kuma abincin da aka sarrafa wanda ya yi kama da "abincin Amurka na yau da kullun", kuma wanda ya ɗan yi ƙasa da muhimman abubuwan gina jiki kamar potassium, magnesium da calcium. Abincin DASH iri ɗaya ne da na binciken DASH da ya gabata. Bayan an sanya shi a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abinci guda biyu, an ba wa mahalarta abinci waɗanda suka bambanta da matakan sodium guda 3 daban-daban, daidai da 3,000. MG, 2,400 mg ko 1,500 mg/rana (mafi girma, matsakaici ko ƙasa). [23] An sha kowace matakin sodium na tsawon kwanaki 30 a jere a cikin tsari bazuwar. [23] A lokacin makonni biyu na aiki, duk mahalarta sun ci abinci mai yawan sinadarin sodium. Wannan ya biyo bayan matakin shiga tsakani na kwanaki 30, inda mahalarta suka ci abincin da aka ba su a kowanne daga cikin matakan sodium guda uku a cikin tsarin haɗuwa bazuwar. [26] Don haka, a tsawon lokacin aikin, kowane mahalarta ya ci abincin da aka ba su (DASH ko iko) a dukkan matakan sodium guda uku, na tsawon kwanaki 30 kowannensu. [26]

Sakamako da Kammalawa

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Babban sakamakon binciken DASH-Sodium shine hawan jini na systolic a ƙarshen lokutan cin abinci na kwanaki 30. Sakamakon na biyu shine hawan jini na diastolic. Binciken DASH-Sodium ya gano cewa raguwar shan sodium yana haifar da raguwar hawan jini na systolic da diastolic a cikin abincin sarrafawa da DASH. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa adadin sodium na abinci a cikin abincin sarrafawa ya ninka tasirinsa akan hawan jini sau biyu kamar yadda yake a cikin abincin DASH. Abu mafi mahimmanci, rage sodium na abinci mai sarrafawa daga matsakaici zuwa ƙasa yana da alaƙa da manyan canje-canje a hawan jini na systolic fiye da waɗannan canje-canjen daga babba zuwa matsakaici (canji daidai yake da kusan 40). mmol kowace rana, ko 1 mmol kowace rana, gram na sodium). [27]

Kamar yadda Sacks, F. et al. suka bayyana, raguwar shan sodium da wannan adadin a kowace rana yana da alaƙa da raguwar hawan jini lokacin da matakin shan sodium na farko ya riga ya kasance a cikin izinin abinci da Amurka ta ba da shawarar, fiye da lokacin da matakin farawa ya fi girma (matsakaicin matakan da suka fi girma sune matsakaicin ainihin a Amurka). Waɗannan sakamakon sun sa masu bincike suka yi hasashen cewa amfani da ƙarancin adadin sodium na yau da kullun na ƙasa fiye da 2,400 da ake da shi a yanzu. mg na iya dogara ne akan ingantaccen sakamakon kimiyya da wannan binciken ya bayar. [26] Ka'idojin Abinci na Amurka ga Amurkawa sun ba da shawarar cin abinci na 2300 MG na sodium a rana ko ƙasa da haka, tare da shawarar 1500 mg/rana ga manya waɗanda ke da hawan jini mai yawa; 1500 mg/rana shine ƙarancin matakin sodium da aka gwada a cikin binciken DASH-Sodium.

Abincin DASH da kuma abincin da aka sarrafa a ƙananan matakan gishiri duk sun yi nasara wajen rage hawan jini, amma mafi girman raguwar hawan jini an samu shi ne ta hanyar cin haɗin waɗannan biyun (watau, nau'in abincin DASH mai ƙarancin gishiri). Tasirin wannan haɗin a matakin sodium na 1,500. mg/rana shine matsakaicin raguwar hawan jini na 8.9/4.5 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic). Masu fama da hawan jini sun fuskanci matsakaicin raguwa na 11.5/5.7 mm Hg. [23] Sakamakon DASH-sodium ya nuna cewa ƙarancin matakan sodium yana da alaƙa da mafi girman raguwar hawan jini ga mahalarta a matakan kafin hawan jini da hawan jini, tare da mahalarta masu hawan jini sun nuna mafi girman raguwar hawan jini gaba ɗaya.

OmniHeart da OmniCarb

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Bayan wallafa nazarin DASH da DASH-Sodium, ƙungiyoyin Welch Clinical Research sun buga nazarin OmniHeart [8] da OmniCarb. [28]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ The USDA recommends the USDA Food Patterns including their vegetarian and vegan adaptations, the Mediterranean, and the DASH Eating Plan, in U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010). "2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans" (PDF). health.gov (Chapter 5 in 7 ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  2. ↑ "2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans" (National guidelines). Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Van Horn L, Carson JA, Appel LJ, Burke LE, Economos C, Karmally W, et al. (November 2016). "Recommended Dietary Pattern to Achieve Adherence to the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Guidelines: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 134 (22): e505–e529. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000462. PMID 27789558. S2CID 37889352. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AHA2016" defined multiple times with different content.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 ">"Your Guide To Lowering Your Blood Pressure With DASH" (PDF). nhlbi.nih.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2011-12-28. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "dashguide" defined multiple times with different content.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. (September 2019). "2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 140 (11): e596–e646. Bibcode:2019Circu.14000678A. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678. PMC 7734661. PMID 30879355. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AACAHA2019" defined multiple times with different content.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Diet Review: DASH". The Nutrition Source (in Turanci). Harvard School of Public Health. 16 January 2018. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Harvard2018" defined multiple times with different content.
  7. ↑ American Diabetes Association (January 2019). "5. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019". Diabetes Care. 42 (Suppl 1): S46–S60. doi:10.2337/dc19-S005. PMID 30559231.
  8. 1 2 Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, Obarzanek E, Swain JF, Miller ER, et al. (November 2005). "Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial". JAMA. 294 (19): 2455–2464. doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2455. PMID 16287956. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Effects of protein, monounsaturated" defined multiple times with different content.
  9. ↑ Miller ER, Erlinger TP, Appel LJ (November 2006). "The effects of macronutrients on blood pressure and lipids: an overview of the DASH and OmniHeart trials". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 8 (6): 460–465. doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0020-1. PMID 17045071. S2CID 72616374.
  10. ↑ "DASH ranked Best Diet Overall for eighth year in a row by U.S. News and World Report". National Institutes of Health (NIH) (in Turanci). 2 January 2018.
  11. ↑ "NHLBI Deliciously Healthy Eating Recipes". healthyeating.nhlbi.nih.gov.
  12. ↑ "MedlinePlus: Healthy Recipes". medlineplus.gov (in Turanci).
  13. ↑ Zhang M, Juraschek SP, Appel LJ, Pasricha PJ, Miller ER, Mueller NT (January 2020). "Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial". Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. 11 (1). doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000122. PMC 7056053. PMID 31972610.
  14. ↑ "8 eating plans for patients with prediabetes". American Medical Association. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  15. 1 2 Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. (September 2019). "2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 140 (11): e596–e646. Bibcode:2019Circu.14000678A. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678. PMC 7734661. PMID 30879355.
  16. 1 2 3 Pearson GJ, Thanassoulis G, Anderson TJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dayan N, et al. (August 2021). "2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults". The Canadian Journal of Cardiology (in English). 37 (8): 1129–1150. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016. PMID 33781847 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 232419417 Check |s2cid= value (help).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content.
  17. ↑ Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. (August 2016). "2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)". European Heart Journal. 37 (29): 2315–2381. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106. PMC 4986030. PMID 27222591.
  18. ↑ Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. (June 2020). "2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines". Hypertension. 75 (6): 1334–1357. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. PMID 32370572. S2CID 218518976. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  19. 1 2 Siervo M, Lara J, Chowdhury S, Ashor A, Oggioni C, Mathers JC (January 2015). "Effects of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The British Journal of Nutrition. 113 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1017/S0007114514003341. PMID 25430608.
  20. 1 2 3 Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. (December 2003). "Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure". Hypertension. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 42 (6): 1206–1252. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2. PMID 14656957. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "JNC-Report7" defined multiple times with different content.
  21. 1 2 3 Sacks FM, Obarzanek E, Windhauser MM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, McCullough M, et al. (March 1995). "Rationale and design of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH). A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure". Annals of Epidemiology. 5 (2): 108–118. doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)00055-X. PMID 7795829.
  22. 1 2 3 Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, et al. (April 1997). "A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (16): 1117–1124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199704173361601. PMID 9099655. S2CID 15227903. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NEJM Appel 1997" defined multiple times with different content.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R (December 2002). "Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies". Lancet. 360 (9349): 1903–1913. Bibcode:2002Lanc..360.1903.. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11911-8. PMID 12493255. S2CID 54363452. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Lewington 2002" defined multiple times with different content.
  24. ↑ "DASH Diet May Lower Risk of Recurrent Kidney Stones". Southern California Urology Institute. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  25. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Moore 2001".
  26. 1 2 3 4 Karanja N, Erlinger TP, Pao-Hwa L, Miller ER, Bray GA (September 2004). "The DASH diet for high blood pressure: from clinical trial to dinner table". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 71 (9): 745–753. doi:10.3949/ccjm.71.9.745 (inactive 1 July 2025). PMID 15478706.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of ga Yuli, 2025 (link) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Karanja 2004" defined multiple times with different content.
  27. ↑ "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension - Sodium Study (DASH-Sodium)". nhlbi.nih.gov. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
  28. ↑ Sacks FM, Carey VJ, Anderson CA, Miller ER, Copeland T, Charleston J, et al. (December 2014). "Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity: the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial". JAMA. 312 (23): 2531–2541. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16658. PMC 4370345. PMID 25514303.
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