Abinda ke da mahimmanci

Correlative ("corelative," rubutun Burtaniya) shine kalmar da Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld ya karɓa don bayyana alaƙar falsafa tsakanin mahimman ra'ayoyin shari'a a cikin shari'a.

Binciken Hohfeldian

Hohfeld ya damu da cewa akwai wasu rashin tabbas a cikin bayanin kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance tsakanin ra'ayoyi a cikin doka. Saboda haka, tare da mai da hankali kan yanayin haƙƙoƙi, ya ba da shawarar tsarin bincike wanda ya dogara da "ma'amala ta shari'a" da "maɓallin shari'a". Ma'amala ita ce inda ra'ayoyi biyu suke daidai kuma ɗayan yana nuna ɗayan. Lokacin da ra'ayoyi biyu suka kasance masu adawa da Hohfeldian (a zahiri, rikice-rikice masu ma'ana), suna da bambanci ga juna.

Don haka, idan A yana da haƙƙi game da B, nazarin dangantakarsu daga ra'ayi na B dole ne ya nuna cewa B yana da aiki ga A. Mai mallakar ƙasa na iya riƙe haƙƙoƙi huɗu daban-daban: haƙƙofo, gata, iko, da rigakafi. Hohfeld ya danganta kowane haƙƙin zuwa ma'ana da akasin haka:

A aikace

Masu shari'a irin su Mickey Dias da Hohfeld sun bayyana cewa hakkoki da ayyuka sune shari'a, wanda ke nufin cewa idan wani yana da hakki, wani ya ci shi aiki. An yi amfani da wannan tunanin Dias a cikin Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1991) don rashin amincewa da hukuncin Ubangiji Denning MR a Dutton v Bognor Regis Urban District Council (1972).

Dubi kuma

'Yancin jama'a

Manazarta

Hohfeld, W. N. Tushen Shari'a na asali kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Tunanin Shari'a, ed. by W.W. Cook (1919); sake bugawa, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, (1964).