Abubuwan da ke tattare da guba

Abubuwan da ke tattare da guba
unit of measurement (en)

Abubuwan da ke tattare da guba (TEF) suna nuna guba na Dioxins, furans da PCBs dangane da mafi yawan guba na dioxide, 2,3,7,8-TCDD . Rashin guba na kowane nau'i na iya bambanta ta hanyar umarni na girma.

Tare da TEFs, za'a iya bayyana guba na cakuda dioxins da mahadi masu kama da dioxin a cikin lamba ɗaya - daidaitattun guba (TEQ). Adadin guda ɗaya ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga samfurin maida hankali da ƙimar TEF ta kowane ɗan'uwa.

An haɓaka manufar TEF / TEQ don sauƙaƙe kimanta haɗari da sarrafawa. Duk da yake saitin farko da na yanzu na TEFs ya shafi dioxins da sunadarai masu kama da dioxin (DLCs), ana iya amfani da manufar ga kowane rukuni na sunadarai da ke gamsar da ka'idojin kama da aka yi amfani da dioxins, da farko cewa babban tsarin aiki an raba shi a duk faɗin rukuni. Ya zuwa yanzu, DLCs ne kawai ke da irin wannan babban matsayi na shaidar kamanceceniya ta toxicological.

Akwai tsarin da yawa a cikin shekaru da yawa a aiki, kamar su International Toxic Equivalents don dioxins da furans kawai, wakilci a matsayin I-TEQ_DF, da kuma wasu takamaiman TEFs na ƙasa. Shirin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya na yanzu, wanda aka wakilta a matsayin WHO-TEQ_DFP, wanda ya haɗa da PCBs yanzu an yarda da shi a duniya.

Haɗakarwar sinadarai da ƙari

Mutane da da namun daji ba sa fuskantar gurɓataccen abu, amma ga haɗuwa mai rikitarwa na mahaɗan da ke iya cutarwa. Dioxins da DLCs ba banda ba ne. Wannan kasa da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da lokacin kimanta guba saboda tasirin sunadarai a cikin cakuda sau da yawa ya bambanta da lokacin da ake aiki shi kaɗai. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya faruwa a matakin sunadarai, inda kaddarorin mahadi da kansu ke canzawa saboda hulɗar, samar da sabon sashi a jikin da aka yi niyya da kuma sakamako daban-daban. Hakanan suna iya aiki tare (wani abu mai sauƙi) ko kuma da kansu a kan kwayoyin a mai karɓa yayin ɗaukarwa, lokacin da aka kai su a cikin jiki, ko a lokacin metabolism, don samar da tasirin haɗin gwiwa. Ana bayyana tasirin haɗin gwiwa a matsayin ƙari (ta amfani da sashi, amsawa / haɗari, ko auna sakamako), hadin kai, ko antagonistic. Amsawar ƙarin sashi yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka ƙayyade tasirin cakuda ta jimlar sassan sinadarai, kowannensu an auna shi da ƙarfin guba. Amsa mai haɗari yana faruwa ne lokacin da amsar cakuda ita ce jimlar haɗarin haɗari, bisa ga dokar yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru masu zaman kansu. Sakamakon haɗuwa mai haɗawa yana faruwa ne lokacin da tasirin haɗuwa na bayyanar cakuda sinadarai ya yi daidai da jimlar tasirin sinadarai daban-daban, misali, canje-canje masu yawa a cikin nauyin hanta. Synergism yana faruwa ne lokacin da tasirin sunadarai suka haɗu ya fi tsinkaye na additivity bisa ga tasirin su daban-daban. Antagonism ya bayyana inda tasirin da aka haɗu ya fi ƙarancin tsinkaya. A bayyane yake yana da mahimmanci a gano irin additivity da ake amfani da shi. Wadannan tasirin suna nuna yanayin aiki da hanyoyin guba na sunadarai.

Additivity wani muhimmin ra'ayi ne a nan saboda hanyar TEF tana aiki a ƙarƙashin zaton cewa gurbataccen da aka tantance yana da ƙarin sashi a cikin cakuda. Saboda dioxins da DLCs suna aiki iri ɗaya a AhR, ana iya ƙara yawan su a cikin cakuda tare a matsayin ƙimar daidaito, watau TEQs, don tantance jimlar ƙarfin. Wannan ra'ayi yana da goyon baya sosai ta hanyar bincike. An lura da wasu hulɗa kuma wasu rashin tabbas sun kasance, gami da aikace-aikace ga wasu ban da cin abinci na baki.

TEF

Bayyanawa ga kafofin watsa labarai na muhalli wanda ke dauke da 2,3,7,8-TCDD da sauran dioxins da mahadi masu kama da dioxin na iya zama da lahani ga mutane da kuma namun daji. Wadannan sunadarai suna da tsayayya da metabolism kuma suna haɓaka tsarin abinci. Tasirin guba da na halitta na waɗannan mahadi ana yin sulhu ta hanyar mai karɓar hydrocarbon na aryl (AhR) . Sau da yawa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam yana haifar da lokuta na waɗannan sunadarai a matsayin cakuda DLCs a cikin muhalli. An kuma yi amfani da tsarin TEF don tantance guba na wasu sunadarai ciki har da PAHs da xenoestrogens.

Hanyar TEF tana amfani da zato na asali na additivity da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan sunadarai wanda ke la'akari da tsarin sunadarai da halayyar. Ga kowane sinadarin samfurin yana amfani da ma'auni na kwatankwacin daga gwajin guba na mutum, wanda aka sani da ƙarfin tasirin dangi (REP), don sanya ma'aunin sikelin guda ɗaya da aka sani da TEF.

Abubuwan daidaito masu guba bisa ga tsare-tsare daban-daban

Abokan hulɗa	BGA 1985	NATO (I-TEF) 1988	WHO 1998	WHO 2005	WHO 2022
2,3,7,8-Cl4DD	1	1	1	1	1
1,2,3,7,8-Cl5DD	0.1	0.5	1	1	0.4
2,3,7,8-subst. Cl6DD	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Cl7DD	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.05
Cl8DD	0.001	0.001	0.0001	0.0003	0.001
2,3,7,8-Cl4DF	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.07
1,2,3,7,8-Cl5DF	n.n.	n.n.	0.05	0.03	0.01
2,3,4,7,8-Cl5DF	0.01	0.05	0.5	0.3	0.1
2,3,7,8-subst. Cl6DF	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
2,3,7,8-subst. Cl7DF	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
sauran Cl7DF	0.001	0	0	0
Cl8DF	0.001	0.001	0.0001	0.0003	0.002
sauran PCDD da PCDF	0.01	0	0	0