Abujhmarh
Abujhmarh yanki ne mai tuddai, wanda a bazu sama murabba'in kilomita 4,000 (sq mi) a cikin Chhattisgarh, wanda ya mamaye gundumar Narayanpur, gundumar Bijapur da gundumar Dantewada. Gida ce ga kabilun Indiya na asali, da suka hada da Gond, Muria, Abujhmarhia, Madiya, da Halba. Sai a cikin 2009 ne gwamnatin Chhattisgarh ta dage takunkumin shigowar jama'a a yankin da aka sanya a farkon shekarun 1980. Yankin ya keɓe kuma ba zai iya isa ba, yankin ya ci gaba da nuna rashin kasancewar gwamnatin farar hula, kuma an san shi da "yanki-yanki" kamar yadda ake zargin cibiyar ta'addancin Naxalite-Maoist, da haramtacciyar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Indiya (Maoist) da reshenta na soja, Gundumar 'Yancin Jama'a Guerilla Army (PLGA), waɗanda ke gudanar da yanki ɗaya..
A cikin shekara ta 2007, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da dazuzzuka, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da shawarar yankin a matsayin ajiyar halittu.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar abujhmarh na nufin "the unknown hills" (abujh means 'unknown' and marh means 'hill') in the Gondi language native to the region.
Forest, kimanin kilomita 92,000 (36,000 sq daidai da ƙungiyar Bastar ta yanzu. Dandakaranya, a zahiri ma'anar "mazaunin aljanin Dandaka", an kuma ambaci shi a cikin tarihin Hindu, Ramayana .
An ware gandun daji masu yawa na Abujhmarh daga duniyar waje, yawancin 'yan asalin ƙasar ne, kuma ana iya isa ne kawai ta hanyar hanyoyin gandun daji daga Narayanpur, Bijapur da Basroor. A fannin ƙasa, kogin Indravati ya raba shi daga Yankin Bastar, yana ƙarawa ga warewa. Kwanan nan damar zuwa yankin ta kara lalacewa ta hanyar amfani da bam din da masu tayar da kayar baya suka yi a wuraren shiga. A lokacin Mulkin Burtaniya a Indiya, Abujhmarh ya kasance a ware kuma bisa tsarin mulki "an cire shi", kodayake an yi binciken ƙasa a 1873. [1] Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Indiya, warewa ta ci gaba, sai dai lokacin da a shekarar 1958 'yan gudun hijira na gwamnati daga Gabashin Bengal a yankin Dandakaranya a cikin yankin Bastar na yanzu, kuma daga baya tsaunuka sun fara amfani da su don arzikin ma'adanai, kamar Dutsen Bailadila da aka tono don ajiyar ƙarfe mai girma. Mutanen kabilun sun kasance a baya kuma an yi amfani da su ta hanyar feudalism a Indiya, mafi yawansu sun fara noma kwanan nan, kuma ana gudanar da ilimi ne kawai a ƙananan makarantu da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje ke gudanarwa. [1][2] Duk waɗannan yanayi, bayan 1967 sun haifar da ƙungiyar Naxalite, wanda ya girma kuma ya bazu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.[1]
Abujhmarh an kira shi "yanci yankin", saboda rashin isa ga duk wani kasancewar gwamnati da gwamnatin farar hula ba su taɓa shi ba a cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata kuma ya haɓaka sansanin Masu tayar da kayar baya na Naxal-Maoist na haramtaccen Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indiya (Maoist), wanda ke gudanar da gwamnati mai kama da juna, wanda aka sani da Janta Sarkar (Gwamnatin Jama'a). Baya ga gudanar da bangaren soja na kansa, Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a (PLGA) da sansanonin horo, Moaoist kuma yana gudanar da kananan ayyukan ban ruwa, kotuna da aka sani da Jan adalat (Kotu na Jama'a) da makarantu. Jaridar Times of India ta ba da rahoton kasancewar ɗayan irin waɗannan makarantu, wanda aka sani da "Janta Sarkar Bhoomkaal School" a Metapada, inda ban da ilimin firamare, an kuma koya wa ɗalibai akidar Naxal. Bayan an kore su daga Andhra Pradesh, bayan shekara ta 2003, Naxals sun sanya wadannan gandun daji cibiyar su, har ma sun kafa tsarin samar da kudaden shiga wanda ya hada da raba ƙasa, aikin gona na hadin gwiwa da gudanar da bankunan abinci da tsaba.[3]
Gwamnatin jihar ba ta da rubuce-rubuce game da kabilun Muria da ke zaune a yankin ko mallakar ƙasa ko rubuce-gubucen kudaden shiga. Bayan haka, kusan shekaru 132 bayan binciken da ya gabata, a cikin 2005, Gwamnatin Chhattisgarh ta fara aikin taswirar yankin ta hanyar Binciken sama a farashin ₹ 55 miliyan . Kafin shekara ta 2006 ana buƙatar izini don shiga yankin.[4] A watan Yunin 2009, bayan kusan shekaru 30 da aka hana shigar da wasu daga waje a cikin yankin, wanda Gwamnatin Madhya Pradesh ta sanya, wanda ya haifar da wani shirin da wata tashar kasashen waje ta yi, Gwamnatin Chhattisgarh, jihar da aka sassaƙa daga Madhya Pradeh a cikin 2000, ta sauƙaƙa ƙuntatawa.
A daren 19 ga Mayu 2005, Naxals sun kai hari kan sansanonin 'yan sanda guda biyu da ke kusa da tsaunuka, daya a Chhota Dongar a Narayanpur da kuma wani a Dhau Dai, 8 km (5.0 mi) daga baya, daga baya manyan jami'an' yan sanda da ke kula da martani sun makale a Pharasgaon kusa da Narayanpur kuma yaƙin bindiga na sa'o'i 6, daga baya an kira helikofta na sojoji don ceto su. Hare-haren sun nuna amfani da kayan sadarwa masu mahimmanci, ma'adanai da daidaitawa tsakanin Naxals. Babban harin na gaba ya zo ne a ranar 18 ga Maris 2007, lokacin da Maoists suka kai hari sansanin 'yan sanda a Ranibodli, inda suka kashe' yan sanda 55, ciki har da Jami'an' yan sanda na Musamman (SPOs). An kaddamar da "Operation Green Hunt" a yankin a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, amma a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, a cikin kwanton bauna da Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a (PLGA), an kashe mutane 76 a Chintalnar.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wannan yanki na gandun daji mai yawa, duwatsu, da koguna da yawa sun bazu sama da kilomita 4,000 (1,500 sq , yanki da ya fi jihar Goa girma. An san shi da wadataccen ma'adanai, ya rufe Gundumar Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh">Gundumar Bijapur da Gundumar Dantewada ta jihar Chhattisgarh kuma yana kusa da iyakokin makwabta Odisha, Andhra Pradesh da Maharashtra. Kogin Indravati, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Odisha, kuma yana da nasaba da Kogin Godavari, ya raba yankin daga Bastar. Har ma a yau, yawancin ƙauyukan kabilanci a yankin sun kasance ba za a iya isa ba har tsawon watanni shida a cikin shekara.
A cikin 2008, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da dazuzzuka, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da shawarar sanya Abujhmarh a matsayin ajiyar halittu.[5]
Yawan jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankin yana da yawan jama'a ƙasa da mazauna 4 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (10 mazauna a kowace murabus mil), kuma gida ne ga kusan kashi 27 cikin dari na yawan kabilun jihar Chhattisgarh, wanda kabilun Gond, Muria, Abujhmarhia, Madiya da Halba suka mamaye. Adadin jama'a na kabilun 34,000 suna zaune a ƙauyuka 233. Kamar yadda wannan yanki ba a tsara shi ba, a cikin 2009, Hukumar Binciken Sararin samaniya ta Indiya (ISRO) ta yi Taswirar tauraron dan adam na yankin don gano ƙauyuka.
Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin kabilun suna rayuwa a cikin matsanancin talauci, kuma suna rayuwa daga al'adun gargajiya ko slash-and-burn - wanda aka sani da penda kheti - na watanni shida a cikin shekara, suna noma ƙaramin shinkafa mai shinkafa, korsa, kuma ga sauran lokacin suna rayuwa ta hanyar sayar da shinkafa tare da kayan gandun daji kamar ganyen tendu, kuma a wasu lokuta suna fitowa zuwa kasuwanni na mako-mako, kantin sayar da ke kusa da garuruwan su.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedverghese - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedexp05survey - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtoday08 - ↑ "'Unlike Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand Has Multiple Maoist Outfits':The former CRPF DG, who has been given charge of the Jharkhand home department, on Maoists". Outlook. 11 March 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ↑ "Status of Bioshpere reserves in India" (PDF). ENVIRO NEWS, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Vol. 14. January–March 2008. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.