Aconcagua mummy
 Aconcagua mummy | |
|---|---|
mummy (en)  |
Aconcagua mummy ne Incan Capacocha mummy na wani yaro mai shekaru bakwai, wanda aka rubuta a kusan shekara ta 1500.[1] An adana mummy sosai, saboda matsanancin sanyi da yanayin bushewa na wurin binne shi.[2] Masu tafiya ne suka gano mummy din a shekarar 1985 a 5,300 metres (17,400 ft) m (17,400 a kan Aconcagua a Mendoza, Argentina.[1][2]
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1985, gawar Aconcagua mummy ta kasance ta masu hawan dutse a kasan Dutsen Pirámide, yankin kudu maso yammacin tsaunin Aconcagua. Bayan gano shi, maharan sun tuntubi hukumomin yankin, suna ba wa kwararru damar tono mummy.[1]
Binciken kimiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ayyukan binnewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An binne gawawwakin Aconcagua a cikin tsarin dutse mai laushi kuma an same shi an rufe shi da amai, ja pigment, da raguwar datti. [3][4] An lulluɓe jikin a cikin masana'antu a cikin salon da aka samo daga tsakiyar bakin teku na Peru.[5] Kodayake salon kayan ado da yaron ya lullube shi ne a bakin tekun Peru, shaidar isotopic ta nuna cewa mai yiwuwa an haifi yaron a cikin Highlands.[4] An kuma sami siffofi shida an binne su tare da gawar.[1] Kabarin gawawwakin Aconcagua ya ƙunshi kayan kabari da yawa. Sau da yawa ana binne gawawwakin mata na Capacocha tare da kayan kabari masu daraja da kayan kabadi, wanda ya sa binnewar namiji na Aconcagua ya bambanta.[4]
Binciken isotopic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da suke nazarin isotopes na mummy na Aconcagua, masana kimiyya sun mai da hankali musamman kan carbon, nitrogen da sulfur.[4] Binciken ya nuna cewa a cikin shekara daya da rabi kafin mutuwarsa, abincinsa ya kunshi masara, quinoa, capsicum, dankali, da nama na ƙasa. Kafin a zaɓi yaron don hadaya, abincinsa ya dogara ne da ruwa.[4] An kuma sami kasancewar achiote a cikin ciki da hanji.[5] Saboda sakamakon rikice-rikice na isotopes da ke nuna cewa yaron ya fito ne daga kololuwa amma ya tsira daga cin abinci na ruwa, masu bincike sun yi ƙoƙari su nuna ƙabilar yaron. A cikin wannan ƙoƙari, an yi amfani da samfurin gashi daga mummy. Abin takaici, wannan bincike na isotopic ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙabilar yaron, don haka masu bincike sun yanke shawarar cewa ya kasance daga yankunan Pacific daga Kudancin Peru zuwa tsakiyar Chile.[4]
Capacocha
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Capacocha ita ce sadaukarwar al'adar samari da 'yan mata a cikin Daular Inca. Ana ganin waɗanda aka zaɓa don a yi hadaya a matsayin ƴaƴan da suka fi natsuwa a Daular, wanda ya sa su cancanci sadaukarwa.[6] Mafi mahimmancin buƙatun da za a zaɓa don hadaya, shine zama budurwa. Wannan yana nuni da natsuwa da kamala na yara da jarirai da aka zabo don a ba da su ga alloli. Shekara guda kafin sadaukarwa, an ciyar da yaran abinci mafi daraja. Abincin ya ta'allaka ne kawai akan masara da charqui, nama daga llama.[7] Iyaye da yawa sun ji baƙin ciki lokacin da aka tilasta musu ba da ’ya’yansu ga sadaukarwa, amma an hana su nuna baƙin ciki a lokacin taron. Wasu kuma sun ji cewa hadayar babbar daraja ce kuma har ma sun ba da ’ya’yansu ga alloli.[7] Waɗannan yaran sun fuskanci ajalinsu ne a ƙarshen doguwar tafiya zuwa kololuwar kololuwar Andes, inda suka ji rauni a kai wanda ya sa suka mutu, ko kuma aka binne su da rai.[4] Ana binne kowane yaro da kayan kabari iri-iri, a matsayin hadaya ga alloli. Kayayyakin jana'izar da aka binne tare da yaran ya dogara ne da mahimmancin wurin ibadar kuma a wasu lokutan ma har da dabbobin da aka binne tare da yaran.[8]
Archaeogenetics
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ci 2015, an cire DNA daga samfurin 350 MG daga ɗayan huhu.[1] Asalin mtDNA nasa na cikin rukuni na Haplogroup C1b, wanda ba a san shi ba a baya C1bi (i don Inca). [1] Halinsa na mtDNA ya ƙunshi maye gurbin 10 daban-daban daga C1b.[1] Masu bincike sun tabbatar da cewa Haplogroup C1bi mai yiwuwa ya tashi kusan shekaru 14,300 da suka gabata.[1] An gano wani mutum daga Daular Wari ya zama wasa ga wannan haplogroup da ba a san shi ba a baya.[1][2] A cikin 2018, masu bincike sun tsara kwayar halitta ta mummy ta Aconcagua daga samfurin 100 MG daga ɗayan huhu. [9] Asalinsa na Y-DNA na cikin Haplogroup Q-M3.[10] Takamaiman ƙungiyar Y-DNA ta fi dacewa da mutanen Choppca daga Huancavelica, yawan mutanen da ke magana da Quechua, da kuma tarin da ke kusa da mutanen da ke yaren Quechua na zamani fiye da mutanen da ake magana da Aymara.[10] Gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin halittar mummy na Aconcagua tare da yawan mutanen Andean na zamani.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Gómez-Carballa & Catelli 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wade 2015.
- ↑ Ceruti 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Faux 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cassman 2007.
- ↑ Andrushko, Valerie A.; Buzon, Michele R.; Gibaja, Arminda M.; McEwan, Gordon F.; Simonetti, Antonio; Creaser, Robert A. (2011-02-01). "Investigating a child sacrifice event from the Inca heartland". Journal of Archaeological Science (in Turanci). 38 (2): 323–333. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.009. ISSN 0305-4403.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rubio, María Del Carmen Martín (2009-12-31). "La cosmovisión religiosa andina y el rito de la Capacocha". Investigaciones Sociales (in Turanci). 13 (23): 187–201. doi:10.15381/is.v13i23.7229. ISSN 1818-4758.
- ↑ Bray, Tamara L.; Minc, Leah D.; Ceruti, María Constanza; Chávez, José Antonio; Perea, Ruddy; Reinhard, Johan (2005-03-01). "A compositional analysis of pottery vessels associated with the Inca ritual of capacocha". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (in Turanci). 24 (1): 82–100. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2004.11.001. ISSN 0278-4165.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Moreno-Mayar et al. 2018.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Salas et al. 2018.