Ada Martí

Ada Martí
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Barcelona, 29 ga Yuni, 1914
ƙasa	Ispaniya
Mutuwa	Faris, 1 Disamba 1960
Yanayin mutuwa	kisan kai (barbiturate overdose (en) )
Karatu
Harsuna	Yaren Sifen
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan jarida da marubuci

Concepció Martí Vall (1914–1960), wacce aka fi sani da Ada Martí, 'yar jarida ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Catalan. A matsayinta na ɗaliba, an fara jan hankalinta zuwa ga siyasa mai tsauri ta rashin tsari, tunani mai 'yanci da kuma ƙabilancin Catalan, wanda ya sa ta shiga juyin juya halin 1934 da juyin juya halin Spain na 1936. Ta rubuta wa jaridu da dama na 'yan adawa a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, kuma ta kafa ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai don tallafawa juyin juya halin. Bayan yaƙin, ta gudu zuwa Faransa, inda ta ba da taimako ga 'yan gudun hijirar Spain kuma ta haɗu da falsafar Faransa ta wanzuwa . A shekarun 1950, ta faɗa cikin baƙin ciki, wanda rashin barci mai ɗorewa da rashin ganin 'ya'yanta, waɗanda ta sanya a makarantun kwana suka ƙara ta'azzara. Bayan yunƙurin kashe kanta da dama, ta mutu sakamakon yawan shan ƙwayoyi yayin da take ƙoƙarin magance rashin barcinta.

Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Ada Martí Vall a cikin dangin matsakaicin aji na Catalan a Barcelona a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1914. [1] A matsayinta na ɗalibar jami'a, ta zama mai ra'ayin gurguzu kuma ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ɗaliban 'yan ra'ayin ' yanci . Ba da daɗewa ba ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan kishin ƙasa ta Catalan kuma ta shiga juyin juya halin 1934, inda ta ji rauni yayin da take kare CADCI [ca] tare da Jaume Compte [ca] . [ 2 ] Ta zauna a wani gida a Poble-sec, [1] inda ta shafe mafi yawan lokacinta tana karanta ayyukan masana falsafa kamar Søren Kierkegaard, François Rabelais da Miguel de Unamuno, kuma sau da yawa tana yin wasiƙa da Pío Baroja . [ 2 ] Ta yi kama da ta Friedrich Nietzsche da Arthur Schopenhauer, wanda hakan ya sa ta ce "rashin tsari kamar shiru ne: da zarar an yi magana a kai, ana musanta shi." [1]

A shekarar 1936, Martí tana yawan halartar tarurrukan 'yan adawa da wani marubuci ɗan ƙasar Argentina Rodolfo González Pacheco ya shirya. A lokacin waɗannan tarurrukan, ta haɗu ta kuma ƙaunaci José María Lunazzi . Amma bayan barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, lokacin da Lunazzi ta shiga Durruti Column, ta rabu da shi bayan ta gan shi sanye da kayan soja. A duk lokacin yaƙin basasa, ta yi rubutu a wallafe-wallafen 'yan adawa da dama, ciki har da La Revista Blanca, Solidaridad Obrera, El Amigo del Pueblo, Tierra y Libertad da Mujeres Libres . [ 2 ] Ta ci gaba da nuna adawa da haɗin gwiwa da gwamnatin Republican, ta ƙi sabuwar al'adar halayyar da ke kewaye da Buenaventura Durruti da Francisco Ascaso, kuma ta mai da hankali kan 'yancin kai na mata a juyin juya halin Spain . [ 2 ] A ƙarshen 1937, Martí ta je yin jawabi a wani taro a Valencia, inda ta kafa ƙungiyar ɗaliban juyin juya hali ta Iberian Federation of Revolutionary Students (FIER) da mujallarta Fuego, wadda ta gyara. [ 2 ] Ta yi karo da Serafín Aliaga, ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin matasan 'yan Libertarian, domin tana son FIER ta zama ƙungiya mai aiki wacce take fafutukar ƙungiyoyin kwadago, maimakon ƙungiyar tattaunawa ta falsafa. A ranar 20 ga Disamba 1937, ta kuma kafa Cibiyoyin Ma'aikata, waɗanda ke ba da ilimi mai zurfi ga matasa ma'aikata.

Ta gudu daga Spain bayan harin Aragon Offensive na Nationalist, kuma ta shiga cikin sirri a Faransa. [ 2 ] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta ba da taimako ga 'yan gudun hijirar Spain kuma ta shirya tare da wasu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, [ 2 ] amma ba ta taɓa shiga cikin Resistance na Faransa ba. Bayan yaƙin, a 1946, Antonio García Birlán da Gaston Leval sun yi ƙoƙarin shigar da ita cikin Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Ƙasa (CNT), amma ta ƙi tayinsu. Ta ƙaura zuwa Paris, inda ta saba zuwa Café de Flore kuma ta fara sha'awar wanzuwar Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus da Simone de Beauvoir . [ 2 ] Ta taimaka wa ƙawarta Eva Cascante ta tsere daga Austria da ƙawayenta suka mamaye zuwa Paris, kuma tare suka haɓaka falsafar soyayya 'yanci, suna ƙoƙarin shawo kan koyarwarsu cikin ɗabi'ar Kirista .

Martí ta haifi ɗa namiji, Federico, a watan Fabrairun 1948. Duk da cewa ta ƙi tsarin aure, ta auri mahaifin yaron na ɗan lokaci; ta sake shi a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar kuma ta sami ikon kula da ɗansu. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ta aika ɗanta zuwa makarantar kwana, amma ba ta iya biyan kuɗin ziyartarsa ba, wanda ya sa ta shiga cikin damuwa . Ta rubuta wa wata ƙawarta cewa: "duk abin da ke da mahimmanci, abu ɗaya tilo mai mahimmanci, ya mutu a cikina". Ba da daɗewa ba ta kamu da son wani mai sayar da littattafai ɗan Rasha, wanda ya ba ta kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi kuma ya fitar da ita daga cikin baƙin cikin da take ciki. A shekarar 1953, Martí ta haifi 'yarsu, Claudia, kuma abokin zamanta ya yashe su jim kaɗan bayan haka. Lafiyar kwakwalwarta ta sake komawa baya.

A shekarar 1956, Martí tana zaune a Saint-Germain-des-Prés tare da sabuwar abokiyar zama, yayin da 'ya'yanta ke zaune nesa da ita a makarantun kwana. Ta nemi wata kawarta ta ɗauki 'ya'yanta, amma suka ƙi, don haka ta yi ƙoƙarin kashe kanta. Abokin zamanta ya bar ta jim kaɗan bayan haka. A shekara mai zuwa, tana zaune da sabuwar abokiyar zama, 'yar gudun hijira 'yar ƙasar Hungary, a wani gida da ba a yi wa ado ba a Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da littattafai na hannu na biyu, tana sayar da adabin Sifaniyanci a gefen tekun Seine. Ta sake shiga cikin damuwa, wanda ya tsananta sakamakon rashin barci mai ɗorewa, rashin iya magana da Catalan ko Sifaniyanci saboda yawan karatunta na Faransanci, matsalolin kuɗi, da kuma rabuwa da 'ya'yanta. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959, ɗanta Federico ya mutu sakamakon matsalolin da aka samu sakamakon tiyata. Ta sanya 'yarta a makarantar sufi kuma ta sake ƙoƙarin kashe kanta sau da yawa, inda ta sanya yunƙurinta a matsayin tawaye ga "rayuwar wahala". A ranar 1 ga Disamba 1960, yayin da take ƙoƙarin magance rashin barcinta na yau da kullun, ta sha magungunan barci fiye da kima . Masanin tarihi ɗan Spain Abel Paz ne ya tattara kayanta da wasiƙunta, wanda aikinsa ya ba da damar tattara tarihin rayuwarta.

Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

• " Sentando posiciones estudiantiles libres " ( Solidaridad Obrera, 26 ga Agusta 1936)
• " La posición de la mujer en la nueva sociedad " ( Solidaridad Obrera, 18 Oktoba 1936)