Adana ruwa da warkewa
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technique (en)  method (en) |
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Adanawa da dawo da ruwa (ASR) shine allura kai tsaye na samar da ruwa kamar ruwan sha, ruwan da aka dawo da shi (watau ruwan sama), ko ruwan kogi a cikin ruwa don dawowa da amfani daga baya. Ana yin allurar da cirewa ta hanyar rijiyar. A wuraren da ruwan sama ba zai iya shiga cikin ƙasa ba ko kuma inda ba zai iya cika shi da sauri ba (watau birane) kuma inda ake karkatar da ruwan sama zuwa koguna, ruwan sama ASR na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwan sama a cikin yanki. Ana amfani da ASR don dalilai na gari, masana'antu da aikin gona.
A Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Colorado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rijiyar ASR ta farko tare da bawul ɗin sarrafawa na ƙasa an shigar da shi a cikin Highlands Ranch, Colorado, a cikin shekarar 1992 don Ruwa na Ƙarni da Tsabtatawa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an girka rijiyoyin ASR sama da 40 don ƙananan hukumomi daban-daban. Waɗannan rijiyoyin suna da zurfi daga ƙafa 1,000 (300 m) zuwa ƙafa 3,000 (910 m) ƙasa da ƙasa, tare da adadin alluran da ke tsakanin galan US 100 (380 l; 83 imp gal) da galan US 500 (1,900 l; 420 gal) galan kowace minti ɗaya (g gal.
An bincika amfani da ASR a Florida don tantance fa'idodi masu yuwuwa ga Everglades da sauran tsarin ruwa na Floridian a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Maido da Everglades (CERP). Za a aiwatar da kimantawa na rijiyoyin ASR 333 a matsayin wani ɓangare na CERP kuma ana amfani da su don adanawa, magani da samar da ruwa mai yawa ga Everglades da sauran tsarin ruwa a lokacin bushewa. [1]
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2004, shakku sun kasance game da fa'idar gabatar da ASR a cikin irin wannan babban damar zuwa Florida saboda yawancin karst. Matsalolin yanzu ko masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da: (1) rashin farfaɗowa saboda haɗuwa da ruwan sha da aka yi wa allura tare da ruwan gishiri da ke akwai a cikin ruwa; (2) ingancin ruwa da aka gabatar a cikin ASR; da kuma (3) haɗarin ingancin ruwa saboda haɗuwa na ruwan sha da ake yi wa allura da ruwa da ruwa da ke akwai.[2]
An sanya ASR na farko a cikin aikin gona a a cikin kaka na shekarar 2006 kuma sun yi allurar ruwa sama da 3,000 acre feet (3,700,000 m3) m3) a lokacin hunturu da lokacin ambaliyar ruwa ta amfani da sake caji na wucin gadi (AR) na ruwan ambaliyar a matsayin tushen ruwa. Ana dawo da wannan ruwa mai zurfi a matsayin ruwan sha kuma a yi amfani da shi cikin zurfin basalt.
A lokacin aikin allura, za'a iya samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar matsin lamba na ruwa da ke gudana a cikin ruwa. Ana dawo da wannan ruwan da aka adana a ƙarshen lokacin rani da farkon kaka don bukatun ban ruwa.
Dukkanin wadannan nau'ikan rijiyar suna amfani da bawul mai kula da rami. Hakanan ana iya amfani da ASR don sake yin amfani da ruwa da tsarin HVAC ke amfani da shi don kula da matakan ruwa na ƙasa da adana bambance-bambance na zafi daga sanyaya lokacin rani don dumama lokacin hunturu. Masana'antu na iya kama ruwan sanyi na hunturu kuma adana shi don amfani da lokacin rani kuma guje wa buƙatar ruwan sanyi a lokacin rani don hanyoyin masana'antu. Wannan kuma na iya 'yantar da gajeren ruwa na lokacin rani don wasu amfani masu amfani. Wannan tsarin sakewa na iya kauce wa farashin zubar da ƙasa kuma kauce wa karuwar nauyin zafi ga koguna da rafi a lokacin lokacin sanyaya iska.[3]
Texas
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, biranen Texan na El Paso, Kerrville da San Antonio sun yi amfani da ASR, suna ba da albarkatun ruwa ga waɗannan al'ummomin da ke fama da ruwa. Wani rahoto na Jami'ar Florida ya sanya yawan ruwa na yau da kullun ga manyan birane 225 a fadin Amurka. Binciken ya auna ruwa mai kyau da ke samuwa ga birane daga tushen da ke faruwa da kuma gine-gine kamar tafkuna, aquifers da shigo da su. Daga cikin biranen da aka sake dubawa, San Antonio ya kasance na ƙarshe, ko mafi rauni, kuma El Paso ya kasance na 10 mafi muni, kodayake wasu biranen Texas sun kasance cikin jerin.[4]
San Antonio tana adana ruwan sha a cikin kayan aikinta na Carrizo ASR, wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da 91,000 acre-feet na ruwa kuma yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin 120,000 acre-foot.
Binciken Hukumar Raya Ruwa ta Texas (TWDB) na 2010 game da kayan aikin ruwa na Texas ya sami ƙiyayya guda huɗu ga ASR a wasu sassan Texas: iyakokin doka da na jiki, ingancin ruwan da aka dawo da shi, ingancin farashi da kuma yiwuwar wasu masu amfani da su kama ruwan da aka adana.
Virginia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin yankin Hampton Roads, yankin Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, ana sake dawo da ruwan guba a cikin Potomac Aquifer, don iyakance nutsewar da ke akwai da kuma hana gurɓata ruwan gishiri.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Aquifer Storage and Recovery Regional Study" (PDF). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-22. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
- ↑ "Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Floridan Aquifer System of Southern Florida". U.S. Geological Survey.
- ↑ Kent Madison (2008). "Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)". 3R Valve. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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