Addinin Allahntaka
pantheism na halitta, wanda aka fi sani da pantheism na kimiyya, wani nau'i ne na pantheism. An yi amfani da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar su danganta Allah ko allahntaka tare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci, ƙaddara, ko kuma ainihin sararin samaniya. Daga waɗannan ra'ayoyin, ana ganin Allah a matsayin jimillar duk abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. Sau da yawa ana danganta wannan magana da falsafar Baruch Spinoza, kodayake masana kimiyya sun bambanta akan yadda ake amfani da shi. Masu bin addinin halitta sun yi imanin cewa Allah shine dukan sararin samaniya kuma Allah yana magana ta hanyar tsarin kimiyya.
Ma'anar sassan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar "pantheism" ta samo asali ne dabi'a kalmomin Helenanci pan (Girkanci), ma'ana "duk," da theos (Girkancin: θεός), ma'anar Allah. Joseph Raphson ne ya kirkiro shi a cikin aikinsa De spatio reali, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1697. Marubucin Irish John Toland ne ya gabatar da kalmar zuwa Turanci a cikin aikinsa na 1705 Socinianism Truly Stated, By A Pantheist, wanda ya bayyana pantheism a matsayin "ra'ayin waɗanda suka yi imani da babu wani abu na har abada sai sararin samaniya".[1] Kalmar "naturalistic" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar "naturalism", wanda ke da ma'anoni da yawa a falsafar da kyawawan abubuwa. A cikin falsafar, kalmar sau da yawa tana nuna ra'ayi cewa komai na duniyar halitta ne kuma ana iya nazarin shi tare da hanyoyin da suka dace don nazarin wannan duniyar, watau, kimiyya. Gabaɗaya yana nuna rashin imani da halittu masu ban mamaki.[2]
Ra'ayoyi na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Joseph Needham, masanin zamani na Burtaniya na falsafar kasar Sin da kimiyya, ya gano Taoism da fasahar Wuxing a matsayin "tsarin halitta wanda ke jaddada hadin kai da ba da labari na ayyukan Halitta". Wannan falsafar za a iya sanya ta zuwa ƙarshen karni na 4 KZ.[3] Makarantar falsafar Helenistic ta Stoicism (wanda ya fara a farkon karni na 3 KZ) ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin dualist na ra'ayi mai kyau / mai hankali da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ya gano ainihin Allah tare da dukan sararin samaniya da sama. Koyaya, ba duk masana falsafa da suka yi haka ba za a iya rarraba su a matsayin masu bin addinin halitta ba.
Ra'ayoyin zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Naturalistic pantheism was expressed by various thinkers, including Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake for his views. The 17th-century Jewish Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza became particularly known for it, receiving a herem for his work.[4] In 1705, the Irish writer John Toland endorsed a form of pantheism in which the "God-soul" is identical with the material universe.[5] German naturalist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) proposed a monistic pantheism in which the idea of God is identical with that of nature or substance. The World Pantheist Movement, started in 1999, describes naturalistic pantheism as including reverence for the universe, realism, strong naturalism, and respect for reason and the scientific method as methods of understanding the world.[6] Paul Harrison considers its position the closest modern equivalent to Toland's.[5]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Harrison, Paul. "Toland: the father of modern pantheism". Pantheist History. World Pantheist Movement. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDictionary2 - ↑ Kirkland, Russell. Taoism: The Enduring Tradition. (London and New York: Routledge, 2004). p. 61. ISBN 978-0-415-26321-4
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMarvin - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Harrison, Paul. "Toland: the father of modern pantheism". Pantheist History. World Pantheist Movement. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
- ↑ "Is your spiritual home right here on Earth?". World Pantheist Movement. Retrieved 7 September 2012.