Adela Pankhurst
 Adela Pankhurst | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Lancashire (en)  , 19 ga Yuni, 1885 |
| ƙasa |
Birtaniya Asturaliya |
| Mutuwa | Sydney, 23 Mayu 1961 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Richard Pankhurst |
| Mahaifiya | Emmeline Pankhurst |
| Abokiyar zama |
Tom Walsh (en) |
| Ahali | Christabel Pankhurst da Sylvia Pankhurst |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Manchester High School for Girls (en) |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
suffragist (en) , public figure (en) da suffragette (en) |
| Employers |
Women's Peace Army (en) Women's Political Association of Victoria (mul) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Mamba |
Women's Social and Political Union (en) |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Independent Labour Party (en) Communist Party of Australia (en) Australia First Movement (en) |
Adela Constantia Mary Walsh ( née Pankhurst ; 19 ga Yuni 1885 - 23 Mayu 1961) yar takarar Biritaniya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya siyasa don Kungiyar Matan zamantakewa da Siyasa (WSPU) a Scotland . A cikin 1914 ta ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya inda ta ci gaba da fafutuka kuma ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ostiraliya da Ƙungiyar Farko ta Australia . [1] [2]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Pankhurst a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1885 a Manchester, Ingila, a cikin dangi mai siyasa: mahaifinta, Richard Pankhurst, dan gurguzu ne kuma dan takarar majalisar dokoki, da mahaifiyarta, Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden), da 'yan'uwa mata, Sylvia da Christabel, sun kasance shugabannin kungiyar gwagwarmaya ta Birtaniya. Mahaifiyarta ta fito daga zuriyar Manx . [1] Pankhurst ya halarci Kwalejin Horticultural Studley da ke Warwickshire, da Makarantar Sakandare ta Manchester don 'yan mata .
Birtaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da take matashiya, Pankhurst ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Matan Zamantakewa da Siyasa ta Mata da ƴan uwanta suka kafa.
A cikin Yuni 1906, Pankhurst ya rushe taron Jam'iyyar Liberal kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kwana bakwai a kurkuku. Daga baya a waccan shekarar, ta kasance cikin rukunin da suka shiga cikin House of Commons, suna son yin magana da membobin. An kama mata tara, ciki har da Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Anne Cobden-Sanderson, Charlotte Despard, Teresa Billington-Greig, Mary Gawthorpe, Dora Montefiore . [1]
Pankhurst yana aiki a Scarborough, Arewacin Yorkshire, daga 1908 kuma ya nuna rashin amincewa yayin ziyarar Sir Edward Gray, Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Gwamnatin Liberal, wanda ke ba da jawabi a Scarborough Liberal Association. Ta yi aiki tare da Dr Marion Mackenzie don gina reshen WSPU na gida a Scarborough, kuma ta ba da jawabai a York wanda sakatariyar reshen WSPU Annie Coultate ta shirya.
A cikin Nuwamba 1909 ta shiga zanga-zangar da ta katse jawabin Winston Churchill a mazabarsa a Dundee . An kama ta saboda "watse zaman lafiya" tare da Helen Archdale, Catherine Corbett da Maud Joachim. Pankhurst ya mari wani dan sanda da ke kokarin korar ta daga ginin. Ko da yake ta tafi yajin cin abinci a can, ba a tilasta mata abinci ba yayin da gwamnan gidan yari da kuma mai kula da lafiya ya tantance "abin da zuciyarta ta aikata a matsayin tashin hankali da aiki".
Gidan Eagle kusa da Bath a Somerset ya zama muhimmiyar mafaka ga waɗanda aka saki daga kurkuku. Iyayen Mary Blathwayt sun dasa bishiyoyi a can tsakanin Afrilu 1909 da Yuli 1911 don tunawa da nasarorin da aka samu a zaben da suka hada da mahaifiyar Pankhurst da 'yar'uwarta, Christabel da Annie Kenney, Charlotte Despard, Millicent Fawcett da Lady Lytton . An san bishiyoyin da suna "Annie's Arboreatum" bayan Annie Kenney. An gayyaci Pankhurst zuwa Eagle House a 1909 da 1910. Ta dasa itacen Cedar na Himalayan a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1910. An yi wani allo kuma Kanar Linley Blathwayt ya sake yin rikodin hotonta.
Wanda mahaifiyarta ta fi so shine Christabel kuma su biyun sun dauki kungiyar Mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa a matsayin kungiyarsu. [ana buƙatar hujja]Sun yi karo da da yawa daga cikin manyan [ ] kai da magoya bayansu kuma wannan ya haɗa da Sylvia Pankhurst da Adela Pankhurst. Dukansu biyun sun yi imani da tsarin gurguzu yayin da Emmeline da Christabel ke yunƙurin jefa ƙuri'a ga mata masu matsakaicin matsayi. An kori Sylvia daga jam'iyyar kuma ta kafa nata kungiyar da ta balle a Gabashin London. An ruwaito Christabel ya ce wa Sylvia "Ba zan damu ba idan an ninka ki da ɗari, amma ɗaya daga cikin Adela ya yi yawa." An ba Pankhurst £20, tikitin zuwa Ostiraliya da wasiƙar gabatar da ita ga Vida Goldstein . [1] Pankhurst yana cikin rukunin farko na masu neman zaɓe da suka fara yajin cin abinci lokacin da yake kurkuku. ‘Yan sanda sun yi mata hari, a matsayinta na babbar mai fafutuka. WSPU ta ba Pankhurst lambar yabo ta Yunwar 'don darajar'.
Ostiraliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pankhurst ta yi ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya a cikin 1914 bayan rabuwa da danginta da kuma tsare ta akai-akai. Kwarewarta na fafutuka ya ba ta damar ɗaukar aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya a matsayin mai shirya Sojan Zaman Lafiya na Mata a Melbourne ta Vida Goldstein . Pankhurst ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna Saka Takobi, ya rubuta wasu ƙasidu na yaƙi da yaƙi, kuma ya yi jawabi ga tarurruka na jama'a, yana magana game da yaƙi da shiga aikin soja. [3] A cikin 1915, Tare da Cecilia John daga Sojojin Zaman Lafiya na Mata, ta zagaya Ostiraliya, ta kafa rassa na Sojojin Zaman Lafiya na Mata. A cikin 1916 ta yi tafiya ta New Zealand tana magana da babban taron jama'a, kuma ta sake zagayawa New South Wales da Queensland suna jayayya da mahimmancin adawar mata ga militarism. A shekara ta 1917, ta jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da hauhawar farashin abinci a Melbourne. An kama ta ne da hannu a cikin zanga-zangar amma an bayar da belin ta har sai an gurfanar da ita. A wannan lokacin na tsare, ta auri mijinta Tom Walsh . Reverend Fredrick Sinclaire ya auri ma'auratan a ranar 30 ga Satumba 1917. Firayim Minista Billy Hughes ya yi tayin sassauta hukuncin da aka yanke mata bisa sharadin cewa ba za ta sake yin jawabi ba. Pankhurst ta ki amincewa da sharuddan Hughes kuma makonni kadan bayan yin aure ta koma gidan yari don ta yi zaman daurin watanni hudu. Wasu ’yan takara ne suka sa hannu a takardar koke da ke ba da shawara a madadin sakin ta, amma bai yi tasiri ba kuma ta cika hukuncinta. [4] Bayan an sake shi a cikin Janairu 1918, dangin Walsh sun ƙaura daga Melbourne zuwa Sydney. A Sydney, Adela ta haifi ɗa da 'ya'ya mata hudu: Richard (an haife shi 1918), Sylvia (an haife shi 1920), Kirista (an haife shi 1921), Ursula (an haife shi 1923), da Faith (an haife shi kuma ya mutu 1926). Mijinta yana da 'ya'ya mata uku daga auren da ya gabata. A cikin 1920, Pankhurst ta zama memba ta kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ostiraliya, wanda daga baya aka kore ta. [5]
Ta kasance cikin ɓacin rai game da gurguzu kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta Australiya mai adawa da gurguzu a cikin 1927. A cikin 1941 Pankhurst ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar masu kishin ƙasa ta dama, Ostiraliya First Movement . Ta ziyarci Japan a 1939, kuma an kama ta kuma aka tsare ta a cikin Maris 1942 saboda shawararta na zaman lafiya da Japan. An sake ta a watan Oktoba.
Tom Walsh ya mutu a shekara ta 1943; Bayan haka, Pankhurst ya janye daga rayuwar jama'a. A 1960, ta koma Roman Katolika . [6] Ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1961, kuma an binne ta kamar yadda addinin Katolika ya tanada.
Ganewar bayan mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunanta da hotonta (da kuma na wasu 58 masu goyon bayan zaɓen mata) suna kan tudu na mutum- mutumi na Millicent Fawcett a Dandalin Majalisar, London, wanda aka bayyana a cikin 2018. [7] [8]
Pankhurst Crescent, a cikin yankin Canberra na Gilmore, ana kiranta da girmamawarta. [9]
Brian Harrison ya rubuta wata hira ta tarihi ta baka game da Adela Pankhurst tare da jikarta, Susan Hogan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Tambayoyin Tambayoyi, mai suna Shaidar Baka akan zaɓe da ƙungiyoyi masu fafutuka: hirar Brian Harrison. [10] Tattaunawar ta ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar dangin Pankhurst a Ostiraliya da kuma rayuwarta ta gaba. Tarin kuma ya ƙunshi hira game da mahaifiyarta, Emmeline Pankhurst.
Duba kuma
- Tarihin mata
- Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe
- Zaɓen mata a Ƙasar Ingila
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "'Wayward suffragette' Adela Pankhurst and her remarkable Australian life". The Guardian (in Turanci). 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
- ↑ Drysdale, Neil (22 October 2020). "The Pankhurst sister sent from Aberdeen to Australia with £20 and a one-way ticket". Press and Journal (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-08.
- ↑ Godfrey, Barry; Williams, Lucy (2018-08-24). "Adela Pankhurst: the forgotten sister who doesn't fit neatly into suffragette history". The Conversation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-11-19.Godfrey, Barry; Williams, Lucy (24 August 2018). "Adela Pankhurst: the forgotten sister who doesn't fit neatly into suffragette history". The Conversation. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ↑ Smart, Judith (1986). "Feminists, Food and the Fair Price: The Cost of Living Demonstrations in Melbourne, August-September 1917". Labour History (in Turanci) (50): 113–131. doi:10.2307/27508786. JSTOR 27508786.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Adela Pankhurst". Spartacus Educational (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ Damousi, Joy (April 1993). "The Enthusiasms of Adela Pankhurst Walsh". Australian Historical Studies. 25 (100): 424. doi:10.1080/10314619308595924.
- ↑ "Historic statue of suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett unveiled in Parliament Square". Gov.uk. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ↑ Saul, Heather (24 April 2018). "Millicent Fawcett statue unveiling: the women and men whose names will be on the plinth". iNews. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ↑ "Australian Capital Territory National Memorials Ordinance 1928 Determination — Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Periodic (National : 1977–2011), p.20". Trove (in Turanci). 15 May 1987. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
- ↑ London School of Economics and Political Science. "The Suffrage Interviews". London School of Economics and Political Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-22.
Kara karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Verna Coleman Adela Pankhurst: The Wayward Suffragette 1885-1961 Melbourne University Press, 1996
- Joy Damousi, "Ƙaunar Adela Pankhurst Walsh", Nazarin Tarihi na Australiya, Afrilu 1993, shafi. 422-436
- Anne Summers, "Tarihin da ba a rubuta ba na Adela Pankhurst Walsh", a cikin Elizabeth Windschuttle (edita), Mata, Aji da Tarihi, Fontana / Collins, 1980, shafi. 388-402
- Deborah Jordan, "Adela Pankhurst, Mai Neman Zaman Lafiya: Yaƙin Duniya na 1, Queensland", Outskirts, 2018, 39, shafi. 1-20