Aden Adde
 Aden Adde | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
1 ga Yuli, 1960 - 6 ga Yuli, 1967 ← no value - Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (en)  → | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa |
Beledweyne (en) , 9 Disamba 1908 | ||
| ƙasa | Somaliya | ||
| Mutuwa | Nairobi, 8 ga Yuni, 2007 | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, freedom fighter (en) da nationalist (en) | ||
| Kyaututtuka | |||
| Imani | |||
| Addini |
Musulunci Mabiya Sunnah | ||
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Somali Youth League (en) | ||
Aden Abdulle Osman Da'ar (9 Disamba 1908 – 8 Yuni 2007), wanda aka fi sani da Aden Adde, ɗan siyasan ƙasar Somaliya ne wanda ya zama shugaban farko na jamhuriyar Somaliya daga ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 1960 zuwa 6 Yuli 1967.[1] Ya taɓa yin aiki a Kungiyar Matasan Somaliya a shekarar 1944.
A cikin shekarar 1946, an naɗa shi Sakataren sashin jam'iyyar a Beledweyne, Somaliya. A shekara ta 1951, Majalisar yankin Mudug ta naɗa shi a Majalisar yankin, kuma bayan shekaru biyu, ya zama mataimakin shugaban majalisar yankin. Daga shekarun 1954 zuwa 1956, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar matasan Somaliya. An sake zaɓen shi a watan Mayun 1958, kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe wannan muƙamin a lokaci guda tare da na Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki har zuwa shekara ta 1960.[2]
An haifi Osman Daar a Beledweyne, Somalia. Ya yi karatu a makarantun gwamnati, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara al'umma. Gwamnatin Italiya ta yi wa Somaliya mulkin mallaka daga shekarun 1889 zuwa 1941. Daga shekarar 1929 zuwa 1941, ya yi aiki a Hukumar 'yan Mulkin Mallaka ta Italiya inda ya yi kira ga Somaliya ta samu 'yancin kai daga mulkin mallaka. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan haɗin kan dukkan Somaliya.
A cikin shekarar 1960, Osman Daar ya jawo hankalin al'ummar ƙasar, kuma ya sami tagomashi daga mutanen Somaliya. An zaɓe shi bisa hukuma da Dimokuraɗiyya a matsayin shugaban farko na Somaliya a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 1960, a ranar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da 'yancin kai na Somaliya, sannan ta haɗe tare da tsohuwar masarautar Burtaniya ta British Somaliland, wacce ta riga ta sami 'yancin kanta a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 1960. Gwamnatinsa ta mayar da hankali ne wajen wargaza gadon mulkin mallaka da samar da haɗin kai a tsakanin al'ummar Somaliya.
Rayuwar farko da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Daar ne a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 1908 a Beledweyne, da ke yankin kudu maso tsakiyar Hiraan na Somalia. [3] Ya fito daga ƙabilar Udejeen, Abdile Afarah na Hawiye. Ya kasance maraya, wanda ya rasa iyayensa tun yana ƙarami. Daar, ya kasance ƙwararren mai karatu, kuma ya koyar da kansa akan batutuwa da yawa. Ya yi magana da Larabci, Somaliya, Italiyanci da Ingilishi.[ana buƙatar hujja][ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Aikin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyar matasan Somaliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daar ya shiga babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Somali Youth League (SYL) a shekara ta 1944, kungiyar kishin ƙasa da ta yi yakin neman 'yancin kai na Somalia. Da sauri ya tashi daga muƙaminsa, ya zama magatakarda na gida na kungiyar SYL reshen Beledweyne a shekarar 1946. Shekaru goma bayan haka, ya zama Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa , kuma a ƙarshe zai jagoranci jam'iyyar SYL kanta shekaru biyu bayan haka.[4]
Fadar shugaban ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin da Somaliya ta sami 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1960, Daar ya samu fice sosai a matsayin mai kishin ƙasa. A takaice dai an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasar na farko, muƙamin da zai riƙe daga shekarun 1960 zuwa 1967. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya bi diddigin manufofin ƙasa na rashin gaskiya don maido da yankunan Somaliya da suka ɓata. Sanannun abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da Yaƙin kan iyaka na Habasha da Somaliya na shekarar 1964, Yaƙin Shifta na Kenya, Front de Libération de la Côte des Somaliya yaƙin neman ‘yancin kai na Djibouti da kuma goyon bayan ELF a Eritrea da tawayen Bale na Oromo a Habasha. Abokan hamayyarsa a Kenya da Habasha sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsaro a shekara ta 1965 domin dakile abin da suka ɗauka na faɗaɗa kofarsu. Dangane da waɗannan manufofi, shugaba Aden ya kuma shigar da ƙasar Somaliya cikin kungiyoyi da dama domin neman ‘yancin walwala da ‘yancin dukkan al’ummomin da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka kamar kungiyar ‘yan tawaye, kungiyar haɗin kan Afrika da kuma Majalisar Musulmi ta Duniya inda Somalia ta karɓi bakuncin taron majalisar wakilai karo na 6 a shekarar 1966. Fitattun ƙasashe da Somaliya a zamaninsa ta ba da goyon baya da maza ko kayan aiki sun haɗa da Afirka ta Kudu da Falasɗinu a lokacin yakin kwanaki shida.[5]
Somaliya wacce aka fi sani da ƙasar Switzerland ta Afirka don kasuwa mai 'yanci da Dimokuraɗiyya, Somaliya ƙarƙashin shugaba Aden ta bi tsarin tattalin arziki mai sauki don inganta kuɗaɗen shiga cikin gida. Shirinsa na Shekara Biyar na Farko (1963-1967) ya nuna sauƙaƙan dabarunsa na ci gaba wanda ya mai da hankali kan ɗimbin ayyuka: ƙara yawan sikari ta hanyar faɗaɗa ƙarfin masana'anta a Jawhar; bunƙasar haɗa nama, sarrafa kifi, madara da kayayyakin kiwo, masaku, da wasu ‘yan masana’antu; gina ko inganta hanyoyi da dama; gina tashoshin ruwa guda uku a Kismayo, Berbera, da Mogadiscio; faɗaɗa ban ruwa ga amfanin gona da fodder; samuwar gonakin jihohi da dama; wasu ci gaba a ayyukan zamantakewa, gami da ilimi da lafiya. Rarraba sashe na fitar da hannun jarin da aka tsara ya nuna fifiko ga ababen more rayuwa na zahiri fiye da ci gaban aikin gona ko daidaita yawan jama'a. Kodayake shirin shine ainihin shirin kashe kuɗi na jama'a, ya kuma ba da kwarin gwiwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, yana ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ta hanyar kariya, keɓancewa daga wasu haraji na ɗan lokaci da ba da lamuni akan sharuɗɗa masu dacewa ga waɗanda kamfanoni ke shirin saka hannun jari a masana'antu waɗanda ke da ma'ana don samun riba kuma kafa wanda ke da sha'awar amfanin ƙasa.[6]
A zaben shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1967, Aden ya sha kaye a hannun Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, tsohon Firayim Minista. Wa'adinsa na shugaban ƙasa ya kare a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli, 1967. Aden ya amince da rashi da alheri, inda ya kafa tarihi a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa na farko a Afirka (ban da Laberiya) da ya miƙa mulki cikin lumana ga zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa ta hanyar demokradiyya.[7]
Bayan shekaru biyu ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaronsa ya kashe Shemarke. Kisan ya kai ga juyin mulkin ba tare da hamayya ba, wanda Sojojin Somaliya suka yi a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoban 1969, washegarin bayan jana'izar Shemarke. Wanda ya jagoranci shirin shine Manjo Janar Muhammad Siad Barre, wanda a lokacin ya jagoranci sojoji.[8]
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1990, lokacin da aka fara yakin basasa, Daar tare da tsohon ministan yaɗa labarai Ismail Jim'ale Osoble, tsohon ministan ilimi Hassan Ali Mire, da kuma wasu 'yan siyasa 100 na Somaliya sun sanya hannu kan wata takarda ta nuna damuwa game da tashin hankali da kuma bada shawarar yin sulhu.[4][9] An kama Daar a takaice, kuma ya kasance a kurkuku har zuwa ƙarshen rushewar mulkin Barre a shekara mai zuwa. [4]
Bayan shekaru
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan an sake shi, Daar ya yi mafi kyawun shekarunsa a gonarsa a Janale, a kudancin Somaliya. [10]
A ranar 22 ga watan Mayu 2007, an ba da rahoton kuskuren cewa ya mutu a wani asibiti a Nairobi, Kenya. Ya kasance, duk da haka, yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma yana kan tallafin rayuwa. Daar ya mutu a asibiti a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 2007, yana da shekaru 98.[11][12][13]
Gwamnatin rikon kwarya, ƙarƙashin jagorancin tsohon shugaban ƙasar Somaliya Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, ta ayyana kwanaki 21 na zaman makoki, tare da gudanar da taron tunawa da ƙasa, tare da fitar da sanarwar cewa Daar za ta yi jana'izar ƙasar. [14] Haka kuma ta sauya sunan filin jirgin saman Mogadishu zuwa filin jirgin saman Aden Adde don girmama shi.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kungiyar matasan Somaliya
- Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Somalia, worldstatesmen.org. Accessed 7 April 2024.Archived 9 ga Faburairu, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Coleman, James (1963). Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. University of California. p. 539.
- ↑ "Rulers.org - Daar, Aden Abdullah Osman". Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bloomfield, Steve (11 June 2007). "Aden Abdulle Osman - First President of Somalia". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ Abdulle, Aden (1963). Address delivered by his excellency Adam Abdullah Osman to the Conference of African Heads of States and Governments (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. p. 97.
- ↑ Ismail Samatar, Abdi (1989). The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884-1986. University of Wisconsin. p. 97. ISBN 9780299119942.
- ↑ "First president of Somalia dies". BBC. 8 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ↑ Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p. 290.
- ↑ Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volumes 3-4. Life & Peace Institute. 1991. p. 14. Archived from the original on 2014-05-19. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
- ↑ "Aden A. Osman, 99; first president of independent Somalia". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
- ↑ Aweys Osman Yusuf, "Somalia: First President Dies At the Age of 99", Shabelle Media Network (allAfrica.com), 22 May 2007.Archived 11 ga Maris, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Mohamed Abdi Farah, "Somalia: Former president in coma (correction)" Archived 26 Mayu 2007 at the Wayback Machine, SomaliNet, 22 May 2007.
- ↑ "Somalia's first president dies at age 98" Archived 4 Disamba 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 8 June 2007.
- ↑ "Body of First President Arrives in Mogadishu". Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2007.